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The relationship between the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soil is imperative and has been well investigated. However, the correlation between elastic wave velocity along the wetting and drying paths of SWCC is largely unknown due to the nonavailability of a standard experimental setup for such a purpose. An ordinary triaxial apparatus has been modified for laboratory assessment of SWCCs under different Ko stresses, along with the measurement of shear and compression wave velocities in due course. The main aim of the study is to draw SWCC, wave velocity characteristic curve (WVCC), and a Poisson’s ratio characteristic curve (PRCC) and to establish the phenomenon that these curves possess hysteresis. The Poisson’s ratio was obtained indirectly by measuring Vp and Vs. Three soil samples with relative densities of 85%, 56%, and 39% were prepared and placed in a modified triaxial test apparatus under wetting and drying cycles. The test results showed that the newly developed apparatus is accurately capable of measuring SWCC. Owing to the similarity in the shape of wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio, response to SWCC, WVCC, and PRCC are drawn. The phenomenon of stress history and the effective stress of the soil affected the behavior during wetting and drying paths.

Good inventory management is essential in the hospital industry to overcome inventory problems. Ineffective inventory prediction methods can lead to shortages or excess stock inventory. Ultimately, this can impact the budget and availability of pharmaceutical items in the hospital. Previous traditional prediction methods often show inaccuracies. This research utilizes ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) and FB Prophet methods to predict the demand for pharmaceutical items in hospitals. In an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of both methods, an experiment was conducted on five pharmaceutical items. The results showed that the ARIMA method produced better performance compared to the FB Prophet method, with the smallest error of 0.07310.

Molecular docking is a promising and reliable technology for the purpose of discovering lead compounds via virtual screening. In addition to allowing for the testing of a large number of compounds, it also allows for the determination of how the selected compounds inhibit the targeted protein/receptor based on the scoring function and ranking. Because selective cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors play a critical role in the treatment of Alzheimer disease, this research focuses on elucidating the mechanism of binding interactions of a few quinolone derivatives within the active sites of cholinesterase (acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO, monoamine oxidase A & B). As a result of these discoveries, it is possible that the newly identified inhibitors will be used as lead compounds in the development of novel enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of specific diseases, hence enabling the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/JSC240325036E

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, possesses the capability to induce respiratory illness, which leads to thrombotic diseases. One of the potential biomarkers associated with the poor prognosis in COVID-19 is the rise of D-dimer. However, the potential of plasma's D-dimer to predict gender disparities in disease severity remains undetermined in Erbil-Iraq. This study aimed to evaluate the gender-based difference of the D-dimer in mild males and females of COVID-19 patients; their correlation with age was also within the scope of this study. Retrospectively analyzed laboratory and clinical data of mild COVID-19 cases confirmed at Bio Lab in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. An immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the amount of D-dimer in 1174 patients. The results were given in fibrinogen equivalent units (µg/ml). Out of 1174, 591 (50.34%) were male. Their mean age was (52.23 ± 0.657); while 583 (49.66%) were female, their mean age was (51.11 ± 0.722). The mean D-dimer among male patients was 1.163 μg/ml (±0.175 μg/ml), whereas the level of D-dimer in female patients was equal to 1.172 μg/ml (±0.147 μg/ml). The study finds a correlation between age and D-dimer. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in D-dimer value between the male and female COVID-19 groups.

This study aims to reveal how the implementation of the development of halal tourism destinations on the island of Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Researchers used parameters maqasid syari’ah of Jasser Auda to measure whether the goals can be achieved. This qualitative research applied case studies because the research object was limited to the island of Lombok. This study concluded that the motive for developing halal tourism destinations was a negative perception about tourism among Muslims in Lombok-NTB. The implementation of halal tourism development that complies with Sharia values was apparent in 4 components: attractions, accessibility, facilities, and support services. In this respect, a new perspective of maqasid al-syari’ah offered by Jasser Auda can be applied to improve people's welfare towards maslahah.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the data of patients who underwent open tension-free hernia repair using polypropylene mesh with the data obtained from the literature, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this mesh in the early postoperative period. The results of this study will provide additional data to the literature in terms of comparing different mesh materials. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional, and observational study, the early postoperative-period data of 96 patients who had undergone standard Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using polypropylene mesh in a tertiary-level hospital, using polypropylene mesh were evaluated and compared with the data obtained from the literature. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.59±13.82 (range, 20-83) years. The median length of hospital stay was 1 (range, 1-4) day. The median of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores was 2 (range, 0-4) for the day of surgery, 0 (range, 0-4) for postoperative day-1, and 0 (range, 0-2) for postoperative day-2. A total of 6 complications developed in 5 of the patients, 3 (3.13%) were hematoma, 2 (2.08%) were wound site infections, and 1 (1.04%) was seroma. In one patient, both hematoma and wound infection were determined. No mortality was encountered. Conclusion: Polypropylene mesh could be used effectively and safely in groin hernia operations. Although some complications with the use of synthetic mesh materials have been reported since the introduction of these materials into clinical use, none of these have yet been considered as conditions that will adversely affect the use of polypropylene mesh.

Background and objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The primary risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) lies in the presence of hypertension, elevated levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the bloodstream. Furthermore, a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels is linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality. The current retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the alterations in the lipid profile of patients with CHD. Methods: The current survey involved collecting data from 867 patients diagnosed with acute or severe CHD, with an average age of 48.38± 0.503. In addition, the study included 850 healthy controls whose average age was 47.22±1.234. The serum levels of TC, HDL, LDL, and TG were obtained from Zanko Hospital in Erbil city, Iraq. The comparison between the recorded parameters of healthy controls and patients was conducted using the t-test function in GraphPad Prism 6.0. Results: The lipid profile consisted of measurements for TC, LDL, HDL, and TG. The TC levels were notably higher in cases of CHD in individuals under 40 years old compared to controls. Moreover, there was a notable rise in TG levels among individuals with CHD aged 40-60, in contrast to the control group. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the levels of HDL and LDL between the cases and control group. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in TC and TG levels between cases and controls in certain groups, while other lipid profiles did not show significant changes.

Anemia is a global health problem that affects both adults and children, but treatment is hampered by serious side effects, primarily associated with the gastrointestinal tract with oral administration of drugs. In this study, we aimed to develop an oral form of iron compounds using polymethylsilsesquioxane hydrogels. To boost loading efficiency and prolong release, the iron compounds (FeCl3 and ferrous D-Gluconate) are incorporated into a guest–host complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. We used PRXD, SEM, EDX mapping, and FTIR to investigate the complex formation, as well as the incorporation of such complexes into hydrogels. The optimal system underlines a combination of ferrous D-Gluconate and HPCD in a 1:1 molar ratio, embedded into a hydrogel with a modest quantity of silicate crosslinks. We demonstrated the slowing of iron release in a gastric media. Mathematical investigation revealed that the Higuchi mechanism releases iron from the hydrogel.

Explicitly, cash waqf does not have specific arguments about its permissibility in the Qur'an or the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. In Indonesia, the permissibility of cash waqf is determined based on the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) dated May 11, 2002. This study aims to review the arguments of the Koran and hadith which form the basis of the MUI fatwa. In examining the meaning of the verses and hadiths, the method of thematic interpretation of terms and fiqh al-hadith is carried out. This study found that, 1) the verse used as the basis for the fatwa is QS. Ali Imran [3]: 92 and (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 261-262, 2) the traditions used as the basis for the fatwa are those narrated by Ibn Umar and recorded by al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa'I, 3) the arguments of the Qur'an and hadith that are used, although they do not explicitly state about cash waqf, the meaning obtained can explain that cash waqf is a form of waqf that is very possible to implement

The veil, often perceived as a simple piece of clothing, holds complex meanings within urban society, serving as both a social phenomenon and a potent religious symbol. This article delves into the intricate dynamics of the veil within the context of contemporary urban life. It explores the dual nature of the veil, where it is not merely a garment but also a profound symbol of religious identity, modesty, and devotion. By examining the urban context, this research provides insights into how the veil is embraced, interpreted, and experienced by diverse communities residing in cities. The article discusses the complex social, cultural, and religious dynamics surrounding the veil and highlights its role in shaping personal and collective identities. Furthermore, it explores the challenges and debates faced by urban communities in accommodating the diversity of veiling practices and their implications for social cohesion and integration. This study offers valuable insights into the broader discourse on religious expression and cultural diversity within urban environments, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the significance of the veil in contemporary society.

Female circumcision remains a social issue in Muslim society, along with the rise of gender-based violence cases in Indonesia. It has became rather a polemic after regional policy on that matter was issued inconsistently. This study aimed to determine the polemic of female circumcision in Garut Regency based on cultural and regional policy analysis. The study utilized qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The data taken were based on primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were interviews and literature that supports the research. The results obtained in this study are that the polemic about female circumcision occurs because of differences in views based on fatwa so that society constructs female circumcision subjectively. Differences in the belief in the concept of female circumcision, which has become a culture in society, and the different techniques or processes for implementing female circumcision have resulted in the development of perceptions of female circumcision. The inconsistency of the policies of the Minister of Health Regulations makes the community have a bias towards pros and cons by the paradigm of religious leaders, parents, gender activists, and health workers.

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of important land uses and soil depth on soil organic carbon pools viz. total organic carbon, Walkley and black carbon, labile organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and carbon management index (CMI) in the north Western Himalayas, India. Soil samples from five different land uses viz. forest, pasture, apple, saffron and paddy-oilseed were collected up to a depth of 1 m (0–30, 30–60, 60–90 cm). The results revealed that regardless of soil depth, all the carbon pools differed significantly (p

The process of utilizing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial in addressing and reducing the impact of climate change. The CO2 methanation process, also known as the Sabatier reaction, is considered one of the appealing approaches since it provides synthetic natural gas (SNG), fulfilling the present needs. However, the CO2 methanation reaction demands an exceptionally effective catalyst capable of surpassing the energy barrier associated with eight proton-electron transfers from H2 molecules. Herein, the application of fibrous silica nanospheres along with the fibrous modification of mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSN) towards CO2 methanation, called the Centre of Hydrogen energy silica (CHE-Si) and CHE-SM was reported. Both catalysts were successfully synthesized by utilizing micro-emulsion techniques and subsequently were characterized with x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. FTIR results revealed that CHE-SM possessed superior Si-OH and Si-O species than CHE-Si despite displaying low surface area and pore volume. Consequently, CHE-SM achieved above 50% CO2 conversion and CH4 yield at 500 °C while CHE-Si exhibited lower performance. This discrepancy in catalytic performance was due to the fact that CHE-SM was comprised of more active sites that could adsorb and dissociate CO2 and H2 reactants.

In this contemporary era of rapid progress, the global demand for energy has reached unprecedented levels, placing considerable strain on existing energy supplies. To address this challenge, synthetic or substituted natural gas (SNG) has emerged as a groundbreaking energy source attained through the methanation reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO). This paper unveils a successful synthesis method for fibrous silica zirconia (FSZr) exploiting the microemulsion procedure, subsequently applied in the CO methanation process. The catalyst underwent comprehensive characterization using advanced techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the exceptional catalytic performance of FSZr when compared to commercially available ZrO2. At a temperature of 500 ºC, FSZr achieved a CO conversion and CH4 yield of 20.76% and 11.52%, respectively. The remarkable achievements are credited to FSZr’s distinct fibrous structure, expansive surface area, and exceptional basic characteristics. The heightened surface area facilitates better access to reactive sites, while the strong basic properties enable easier adsorption of the reactant. These combined factors significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the CO methanation procedure. These findings underscore the significance of fibrous morphology in zirconia catalysts for CO methanation, presenting a promising avenue for further research and insights into meeting the global energy demands efficiently.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) that enabled optical networks are currently widely used in current telecommunications infrastructures and are anticipated to play a significant role in next-generation networks and the future Internet, supporting a wide range of services with a wide range of bandwidth, latency, reliability, and other feature requirements. In WDM networks, the input power of an optical transmitter is crucial; as a result, this results in a good output signal at the receiver side. The purpose of this paper is to design a WDM Optical Network in terms of length and pump power. The system is simulated using Opti-System software to achieve bit error rate (BER), quality factor, and output power of EDFA through optimized fiber length and pump power. In this analysis, the BER value, Q-factor and output of the system have been evaluated between 1550 and 1552nm with 0 dBm input signal power. EDFA length of 5km, power pump value of 500mv and 980nm frequency was set as reference in this study. This system was analysed using Opti-System simulation software at 10 Gigabits per second (10GBPS) transmission system. Result have shown that, min BER value shows a very significant increase at a 9-meter length and the Q-factor was rapidly decrease. The min BER value was in range 10-11 and 10-19 and Q-factor range 6.5 to 9.1 for 200mW to 8000mW power pump.

This research aims to examine the relationship between poverty and human development index to happiness rate in Indonesia through Islamic studies approach. This is because poverty Indonesia till become a prominent economic issue but, it has a high rate of happiness compared to another developed country in ASIA at the same time. Besides, to reach such happiness, it also needs a great human development as an indicator to create welfare of such countries. This is a quantitative research with multiple regressions, using macro-economic data since 2014 & 2017 from 33 provinces of Indonesia as a sample. The result revealed that poverty and human development index have a positive significant effect on happiness. Then, this empirical finding is in line with the concept of maqāṣid al-syariah, specifically hifdz al- dīn and hifdz al-‘aql.

Molecular docking is a powerful and significant approach for the identification of lead molecules on the basis of virtual screening. With it a large number of compounds can be tested and based on the scoring function and ranking, the conclusion can be made about how the selected compounds can inhibit the targeted protein/receptor. Considering the importance of selective inhibitors of cholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer disease, this research is focused on the determination of the mechanism of binding interactions of few benzene-1,3-diol derivatives within the active site of both acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). All the selective ligands were found to have a greater binding affinity with the BChE when compared to that of AChE, by an average value of ~−28.4 and ~−12.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The results suggested that the identified inhibitors can be used as the lead compounds for the development of novel inhibitors of the targeted enzymes against some specific diseases, thus opening the possibility of new therapeutic strategies.

Estimating the shear strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC), with high compressive and tensile strengths, is complicated by many variables that affecting its behavior. Residual tensile stress (RTS) plays an important role in raising the efficiency of both types of resistance, especially shear strength due to the presence of steel fibers, which makes it difficult to quantify the residual tensile stress due to the different failure patterns of these fibers and the distribution mechanism within the concrete matrix. There is no study to date in assessing residual tensile stress of UHPC structural members of the variable section. Thirteen beams were selected as an experimental program to study six main variables in determining shear strength. Stirrups ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, the volumetric fraction of steel fibers, geometry changing, existing openings along the longitudinal axis, and shear span to depth ratio. According to on Tests results, RTS is compatible with most of the global specifications.

New hybrid materials based on Ag nanoparticles stabilized by a polyaminopropylalkoxysiloxane hyperbranched polymer matrix were prepared. The Ag nanoparticles were synthesized in 2-propanol by metal vapor synthesis (MVS) and incorporated into the polymer matrix using metal-containing organosol. MVS is based on the interaction of extremely reactive atomic metals formed by evaporation in high vacuum (10−4–10−5 Torr) with organic substances during their co-condensation on the cooled walls of a reaction vessel. Polyaminopropylsiloxanes with hyperbranched molecular architectures were obtained in the process of heterofunctional polycondensation of the corresponding AB2-type monosodiumoxoorganodialkoxysilanes derived from the commercially available aminopropyltrialkoxysilanes. The nanocomposites were characterized using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM images show that Ag nanoparticles stabilized in the polymer matrix have an average size of 5.3 nm. In the Ag-containing composite, the metal nanoparticles have a “core-shell” structure, in which the “core” and “shell” represent the M0 and Mδ+ states, respectively. Nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles stabilized with amine-containing polyorganosiloxane polymers showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.

Denizcilik, zorlu koşulları nedeniyle çalışanların meslekten erken yaşta ayrıldığı bir meslektir. Bu duruma etki eden birçok faktör olsa da denizci adaylarının kariyer planlaması yapmaması ve mesleğe olan adanmışlığının olmaması sektör profesyonellerince neden olarak gösterilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, kariyer adanmışlığını ölçen bir ölçeğin uyarlanarak Türkçeye kazandırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Hirschi ve arkadaşları tarafından kariyer adanmışlığını ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş olan proaktif kariyer ölçeği denizci adayları üzerinde kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, sosyal ağlar ve elektronik posta yoluyla Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Yönetimi bölümünde öğrenim gören Türkiye genelindeki 281 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Amos 21 programı kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modeliyle doğrulama çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda çalışmada kullanılan ölçeğin model uyum indekslerine göre ölçek alan yazınında kabul edilen yapısal eşitlik modeli uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Günümüzde proaktif kariyer adanmışlığı davranışlarının artan öneminden dolayı ölçek uyarlanarak Türkçe literatüre kazandırılmıştır.

The employees’ level of commitment to their profession has been decreaseed due to the challenging conditions in seafarers’ profession. Many factors exist affecting professional commitment. The most important factors are age, hometown, and personality characteristics. Regarding the literature, Generation Y employees lack such emotions as commitment, a sense of belonging, and team spirit. Therefore, this research focuses on seafarers who recently started the profession of seafarers as a member of Generation Y. The relationship between personality characteristics and professional commitment was measured through several variables. The professional commitment scale developed in the health sector was applied to seafarers from Generation Y who are employed in the maritime sector after reliability and validity studies were performed. The relationship between personality characteristics and professional commitment was measured through several variables. As a result of the research, it has been suggested that Generation Y has highly committed to the profession.

AbstrakPT. Zenith Material Solution adalah perusahaan yang menjadi bagian dari MR Corporation yang berada di wilayah Tambun Selatan, Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Perusahaan ini berfokus kepada bisnis plastik serta bahan PVC untuk bahan baku industri. Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yaitu belum terintegrasinya data transaksi perusahaan dengan penjurnalan di PT. Zenith Material Solution. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang suatu sistem informasi akuntansi untuk PT. Zenith Material Solution yang didalamnya terdapat integrasi antara data transaksi perusahaan dengan penjurnalan. Sistem informasi akuntansi ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP yang dibantu dengan framework Laravel versi 5.8. Perancangan sistem dilakukan menggunakan metode waterfall. Pengujian fungsi fitur pada sistem informasi akuntansi ini menggunakan metode black-box dengan hasil yaitu fitur-fitur pada sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan fungsinya, sedangkan pengujian kepada pengguna menggunakan kuesioner pernyataan kepada staf akuntan PT. Zenith Material Solution serta kuesioner uji validitas sistem akuntansi kepada validator ahli. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi akuntansi berbasis web yang mampu mengintegrasikan antara transaksi pembelian ataupun penjualan dengan penjurnalan sehingga dapat menghasilkan output berupa laporan keuangan yang valid. Untuk tahap selanjutnya, sistem dapat dikembangkan kembali dengan penambahan fitur seperti menu akun dan buku besar pembantu, fitur cetak faktur pajak serta fitur cetak surat jalan.Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Integrasi, Transaksi, Laporan Keuangan, PT Zenit Abstract[Design and Building of Web-based Accounting Information System of Zenith Material Solution Incorporation] Zenith Material Solution Inc. is a company that is being part of MR Corporation placed at South Tambun, Bekasi, West Java. This company focused on plastics and PVC business as raw materials for industries. The problem is that the company's transaction data has not been integrated with journalizing at Zenith Material Solution Inc. This research proposes an accounting information system that includes integration between the company's transaction data and journalizing. This accounting information system created using PHP programming languages, which assisted with Laravel framework 5.8. It has been designed with a waterfall method. Function's features of this accounting information system are tested with the black-box way, where its result that the parts of this system can run well with their respective functions. Besides, users are trying to use a statement questionnaire to the accountants of Zenith Material Solution and a questionnaire to test the accounting system's validity to expert validators. These research results are a web-based accounting information system that can integrate purchase or sales transaction data with journalizing to produce output in the form of accurate financial reports. The next research can be developed with features such as the account menu and subsidiary ledger, tax invoice printing, and delivery order printing features.Keywords: Accounting Information System, Integration, Transaction, Financial Reports, PT. Zenit

The number of project management software developed is increasing which encourages better project management practices. Reluctance to use software may be due to a lack of understanding of software applications, considering software to be complex and impractical, or because it is perceived as expensive. This paper aims to evaluate "Progresi" as a project management software created by a local developer, specifically aimed at managing construction projects in Indonesia. A simulation is carried out based on real project data, to find out the features of the software and its potential use for construction project management. The research results show that “Progresi” produces Gantt charts, S-curves, budget tables, and resource tables. Its unique feature is that it accommodates the concept of unit price analysis for cost budgeting, provides a menu for safety management, generates daily project reports, and can be used to store photos and documents neatly and easily accessible which are useful for project audit purposes. Suggestions that can be given for improving this software are the need to provide a formal software manual, supplement it with network planning, and improve the appearance of Gantt charts and tables to make it look more professional.

AbstrakVisibilitas citra luar ruangan yang ditangkap dalam cuaca buruk seringkali menurun karena adanya kabut, badai pasir, dan sebagainya. Visibilitas yang buruk, yang disebabkan oleh fenomena di atmosfer, menjadi faktor penyebab gagalnya aplikasi visi komputer, seperti sistem pengenalan objek luar, sistem deteksi rintangan atau sistem pengawasan video. Sejak letusan terakhir gunung Kelud, telah dipasang kamera CCTV untuk mengamati kawah danau dan sekitarnya. Akan tetapi, kamera pengamat mengalami gangguan dikarenakan adanya kabut. Tidak hanya itu, penghilangan kabut dari satu citra dengan struktur yang rumit, efek halo, dan distorsi warna adalah hal yang menantang teknik image recovery. Penelitian ini bertujuan mereduksi kabut dan meningkatkan visibilitas dari citra berkabut. Pada artikel ini, diusulkan metode dehazing baru yang menggabungkan metode Color Attenuation Prior (CAP) dan Adaptive Gamma Correction (AGC). Metode ini dibagi menjadi tiga modul utama, yaitu modul estimasi kedalaman (DispE), modul peningkatan peta transmisi (TME), dan modul restorasi (ImRec). Modul DispE yang diusulkan memanfaatkan teknik estimasi kedalaman dari CAP. Sedangkan modul TME mengadopsi teknik AGC. Dengan demikian, efek halo pada citra dapat dihindari dan estimasi peta transmisi yang efektif dapat dicapai. Selanjutnya, modul ImRec menggunakan peta transmisi hasil keluaran dari TME untuk memperbaiki distorsi warna citra kawah. Hasil eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan bisa mengurangi kabut tanpa menimbulkan efek halo dan distorsi warna. Penelitian berikutnya difokuskan pada metode berbasis pembelajaran mesin.Kata kunci: adaptive gamma correction, color attenuation prior, dehazing, kabut. Abstract[Single Kelud Volcano Lake Crater Image Dehazing Using Color Attenuation Prior and Adaptive Gamma Correction] Visibility of outdoor images captured in bad weather often decreases due to fog, sandstorms, and so on. Poor visibility, caused by atmospheric phenomena, is a factor in the failure of computer vision applications, such as external object recognition systems, obstacle detection systems or video surveillance systems. Due to the last eruption, CCTV cameras have been installed on top of Mt. Kelud summit to observe the crater of the lake and its surroundings. However, the observation camera experienced interference due to the fog. Not only that, the removal of fog from an image with complicated structures, halo effect, and color distortion is challenging image recovery techniques. This study aims to reduce the fog and improve the visibility of the foggy image. In this article, a new dehazing method is proposed that combines the Color Attenuation Prior (CAP) and Adaptive Gamma Correction (AGC) methods. This is divided into three main modules, namely the depth estimation module (DispE), the transmission map enhancement module (TME), and the restoration module (ImRec). The proposed DispE module utilizes depth estimation techniques from CAP. While the TME module adopts the AGC technique. Thus, the halo effect on the image can be avoided and the estimation of an effective transmission map can be achieved. Furthermore, the ImRec module uses a transmission map output from TME to correct the color distortion of the crater image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce haze without causing halo and color distortion effects. Subsequent research focused on machine learning based methods.Keywords: adaptive gamma correction, color attenuation prior, dark channel prior, dehazing, haze.

Climate change imprints on soil are projected primarily through the changes in soil moisture and surge in soil temperature and CO2 levels in response to climate change and is anticipated to have varying impacts on soil characteristics and processes that are instrumental in the restoration of soil fertility as well as productivity. Climate change encompasses a major concern of sharing its impact on the stability and functionality of soil microbiome and is characterized by one or more chief stability metrics encircling resistance, resilience, and functional redundancy. Nevertheless, the explorations over the past years have unveiled the potential of microbial interventions in the regeneration of soils or assurance of perked-up resilience to crops. The strategies involved therein encompass harnessing the native capability of soil microbes for carbon sequestration, phyto-stimulation, bio fertilization, rhizo-mediation, biocontrol of plant pathogens, enzyme-mediated breakdown, antibiosis, prompting of anti-oxidative defense mechanism, exudation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) response in the host plant. However, the short storage and shelf-life of microbe-based formulations stay a significant constraint and rigorous efforts are necessary to appraise their additive impact on crop growth under changing climate scenarios.

Bahasa Jawa bisa dikatakan Bahasa yang unik karena bahasa Jawa mempunyai banyak arti meskipun satu kata yang sama tetapi beda daerah. Suku Jawa adalah suku terbesar yaitu 41% atau sekitar 95.217.022 jiwa. Pulau Jawa juga pengakses internet terbesar khususnya untuk media sosial yaitu 87,13%, dari data tersebut banyak informasi yang bisa didapatkan dari keaktifan suku Jawa dalam menggunakan media sosial. Khususnya adalah data tekstual, tetapi tidak mudah mendapatkan ekspresi atau emosi suku Jawa dari media sosial karena jumlah datanya sangat banyak. Maka dari itu permasalahan ini dapat di analisa. Teks mining merupakan salah satu cara yang tepat karena data media sosial lebih banyak data tekstual. Menggunakan RNN Architecture dan algoritma Longs Short Term Memory (LSTM), data tekstual akan mudah diolah karena data yang banyak akan dirapikan dan di kalsifikasikan. Sehingga data yang banyak itu akan dipilih dan olah sesuai dengan ekspresi, karena penelitian ini berfokus pada ekspresi dan emosi maka data akan di klasisfikasikan dengan LSTM. Dari hasil proses penggunaan LSTM untuk memilah ekspresi menjadi 4 yaitu marah, senang, sedih, dan takut mendapat akurasi 92%. Akurasi tersebut menunjukkan Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) efektif dalam pengklasifikasian ekspresi teks berBahasa Jawa.

Çin’in İslam ve Müslümanlarla ilişkisi her zaman merak ve tartışma konusudur. Genel olarak söz konusu ilişkinin düşmanca nitelik taşıdığı kabul edilir. Acaba bu bir olgu mu algı mıdır? Bunun cevabı İslamın yayılış tarihine yeni boyutlar getireceği gibi geçmişten günümüze Çin-İslam ilişkilerine de ışık tutacaktır. Bu bağlamda Çinli amiral Zheng He’nin faaliyetleri ilgi çekicidir. Zheng He Ming Hanedanlığı döneminde (1368-1644) Müslüman bir ailede dünyaya geldi. Yongle imparatoru tarafından donanmaya amiral olarak atandı. 1405-1433 yılları arasında Hint Okyanusundan Afrika sahiline kadar filosuyla yedi kez seyahat düzenledi, 36 yeri ziyaret etti. O,’nun mesela Endonezya’ya olan seferinde önceliği ticaretten çok elçi gibi barış ve Ming İmparatorluğu'nun hakimiyeti ve gücünü anlatmaktı. Zheng He'nın yolculuklarına ilişkin Ming tarihi kayıtları ve diğerlerince yazılanlar güvenilir kaynaklardır. Ancak literatürde İslam'ı Güney Asya'da yaymadaki rolüne ilişkin bilgi yok denecek kadar azdır. Bununla beraber yerel tarih ve sözlü tarihte bu konuda birçok rivayet ve menkıbe bulunmaktadır. Zheng He ve yardımcıları başlangıçta İslamiyeti Java’daki Çin topluluğuna yaymışlardı. Daha sonra bu Çin kökenli Müslümanlar İslam’ın Java ve Güney Asya’da yayılmasında büyük roller oynadılar. Bu makale söz konusu bu olguya ışık tutmayı amaçlayan mütevazı bir girişimdir. Anahtar Kelimeler:Zheng He, Ming Hanedanlık dönemi, Çinli Müslüman Amiral, İslamın Güney Asya’ya yayılması.

Soil quality assessment serves as an index for appraising soil sustainability under varied soil management approaches. Our current investigation was oriented to establish a minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality indicators through the selection of apt scoring functions for each indicator, thus evaluating soil quality in the Himalayan foothills. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years, viz. 2016 and 2017, and comprised of 13 treatments encompassing different combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers, viz. (i) the control, (ii) 20 kg P + PSB (Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), (iii) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (iv) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (v) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (vi) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, (vii) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, (viii) 40 kg@ P + PSB, (ix) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (x) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (xi) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (xii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, and (xiii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM. Evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological indicators, the integrated module of organic and inorganic fertilization reflected a significant improvement in soil characteristics such as the water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and molybdenum, different carbon fractions and soil biological characteristics encircling microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and total bacterial and fungal count. A principal component analysis (PCA) was executed for the reduction of multidimensional data ensued by scoring through the transformation of selected indicators. The soil quality index (SQI) established for different treatments exhibited a variation of 0.105 to 0.398, while the magnitude of share pertaining to key soil quality indicators for influencing soil quality index encircled the water holding capacity (WHC), the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), the total bacteria count, and the available P. The treatments that received an integrated nutrient package exhibited a higher SQI (T10—0.398; T13—0.372; T7—0.307) in comparison to the control treatment (T1—0.105). An enhanced soil quality index put forth for all organic treatments reflected an edge of any conjunctive package of reduced synthetic fertilizers with prime involvement of organic fertilizers over the sole application of inorganic fertilizers.

The problems faced in the agricultural sector are very huge, from the availability of land, energy, seasonal changes, pest, to crop failure. The development of modern technology is expected to help overcome some of the problems that occur. In this study will integrate microcontroller technology in agriculture. The research method starts from the stage of making greenhouses starting with designing images of smart greenhouse models. Then the stage of making a greenhouse frame from wood, for the manufacture of plant shelf frames using iron, assembling electric power generating components, making automatic control systems on the greenhouse, making formulas on Arduino Uno, testing the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, making the plant rack manipulator on the smart greenhouse. The short-term goal of this control system is expected to help the performance of farmers or greenhouse management officers in controlling the watering of the crops they plant in the greenhouse, so that one day the manager does not have to always go to the greenhouse when they want to water the plants or check soil moisture.The trial was carried out for 30 days with soil temperature and humidity parameters The result, when the air temperature in the greenhouse is more than 32 C, the fan will turn on. The fan causes hot air to come out. when the temperature reaches 25 C the fan will turn off. Then when the soil moisture value on the LCD shows 17.11%, the water pump will turn on. Water from the pump is flowed to the plant media to keep the soil moist. when the value of soil moisture exceeds 70.31%, the water pump will automatically turn off. From this result, the system can be applied in building integrated farming systems and smart greenhouses.

ObjectivesComputed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the diagnostic standard for pulmonary embolism (PE), but is unavailable in many low resource settings. We evaluated the evidence for point of care ultrasound as an alternative diagnostic.MethodsUsing a PROSPERO-registered, protocol-driven strategy (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, ID = CRD42018099925), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINHAL for observational and clinical trials of cardiopulmonary ultrasound (CPUS) for PE. We included English-language studies of adult patients with acute breathlessness, reported according to PRISMA guidelines published in the last two decades (January 2000 to February 2020). The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy of CPUS compared to reference standard CTPA for detection of PE in acutely breathless adults.ResultsWe identified 260 unique publications of which twelve met all inclusion criteria. Of these, seven studies (N = 3872) were suitable for inclusion in our meta-analysis for diagnostic accuracy (two using CTPA and five using clinically derived diagnosis criterion). Meta-analysis of data demonstrated that using cardiopulmonary ultrasound (CPUS) was 91% sensitive and 81% specific for pulmonary embolism diagnosis compared to diagnostic standard CTPA. When compared to clinically derived diagnosis criterion, CPUS was 52% sensitive and 92% specific for PE diagnosis. We observed substantial heterogeneity across studies meeting inclusion criteria (I2 = 73.5%).ConclusionsCardiopulmonary ultrasound may be useful in areas where CTPA is unavailable or unsuitable. Interpretation is limited by study heterogeneity. Further methodologically rigorous studies comparing CPUS and CTPA are important to inform clinical practice.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the possible effects of argan oil on the healing of colorectal anastomoses. Methods: I n Group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and the colon was mobilized. In the control (Group 2) and argan oil (Group 3) groups, colonic resection and anastomosis were applied. To the control and sham groups, 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl was administred rectally, and in the argan oil group, 2 mL/day argan oil was applied rectally for 7 days. Results: The mean bursting pressures of the argan oil and sham groups were significantly higher than the values in the control group. A significant difference was determined between the tissue hydroxyproline and prolidase levels of control group and other groups. Histopathologically, argan oil showed significant beneficial effects on colonic wound healing. In the argan oil and sham groups, the tissue malondialdehyde and fluorescent oxidation product levels were found to be lower and total sulfhydryl levels were higher than the control group. Conclusions: The rectally administered argan oil was observed to have significantly ameliorated wound healing parameters and exerted a significant antioxidant effect. This is the first study in the literature about the beneficial effects of argan oil on colorectal anastomoses.

Every set with a binary operation satisfying a true statement of propositional logic corresponds to a solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. Quantum B-algebras and L-algebras are closely related to Yang-Baxter equation theory. In this paper, we study the categories with quantum B-algebras with morphisms of exact ones or spectral ones. We guarantee the existences of both direct limits and inverse limits.

The porous structure of second- and third-generation polyphenylene-type dendrimers was investigated by adsorption of N2, Ar, and CO2 gases, scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray spectroscopy. Rigid dendrimers in bulk are microporous and demonstrate a molecular sieve effect. When using CO2 as an adsorbate gas, the pore size varies from 0.6 to 0.9 nm. This is most likely due to the distances between dendrimer macromolecules or branches of neighboring dendrimers, whose packing is mostly realized due to intermolecular interactions, in particular, π–π interactions of aromatic fragments. Intermolecular interactions prevent the manifestation of the porosity potential inherent to the molecular 3D structure of third-generation dendrimers, while for the second generation, much higher porosity is observed. The maximum specific surface area for the second-generation dendrimers was 467 m2/g when measured by CO2 adsorption, indicating that shorter branches of these dendrimers do not provide dense packing. This implies that the possible universal method to create porous materials for all kinds of rigid dendrimers is by a placement of bulky substituents in their outer layer.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the potential protective effects of erdosteine against the harmful effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the liver in an experimental rat model. Methods: Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. In the sham group, only the hepatic pedicle was mobilized. No other manipulation or treatment was performed. In the other groups, ischemia was achieved by clamping the hepatic pedicle for 60 min. After that, 90 min reperfusion was provided. In the control group, no treatment was given. In the perioperative treatment group, 100 mg/kg erdosteine was administered 2 hours before ischemia induction. In the preoperative treatment group, 100 mg/kg/day erdosteine was administered daily for ten days before the operation. At the end of the procedures, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological assessment. Results: Treatment with erdosteine ameliorated the histopathological abnormalities when compared with the control group. Furthermore, this treatment significantly decreased the serum liver function test values. It was also found that erdosteine ameliorated the oxidative stress parameters in both the perioperative and preoperative treatment groups. Conclusion: The current study is the first to have shown the favorable effects of erdosteine on the harmful effects of experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of silymarin on oxidative stress and hepatic injury induced by obstructive jaundice in an experimental model. METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Albino type female rats were divided into 3 groups each including 10 rats. Only laparotomy was performed in group 1. Bile duct ligation was performed in group 2. In group 3, bile duct ligation was performed and orogastic silymarin 300 mg/kg/day dose was given for seven days. At the end of seven days, rats were sacrificed. The blood and liver tissue samples were taken to be examined biochemically and histopathologically. RESULTS: The plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde were significantly lower in silymarin group than in the bile duct ligated group. Although liver levels of GSH were significantly higher in silymarin group than in the bile duct ligated group, there was no significant difference between the plasma GSH levels of these groups. In silymarin group; the enlargement of hepatocytes, dilatation of canaliculi and the edema were regressed. CONCLUSION: Silymarin diminished the harmful effects of obstructive jaundice on liver.

Narkoba memiliki dampak buruk bagi generasi muda kita. Pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyalahgunaan narkoba harus dilakukan untuk melindungi masa depan bangsa. Pengenalan dampak negative dari penyalahgunaan narkoba melalui game sebagai sarana sosialisasi untuk menekan jumlah penyalahgunaan narkoba. Dalam pembuatannya game ini membahas tentang dampak buruk dari Narkoba. Game ini dibuat dengan metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) yang diturunkan menjadi tahapan sistem secara berurutan diawali dengan membuat storyboard permainan, kemudian diimplementasikan dengan software pendukung untuk membuat aplikasi game. Berdasarkan pengujian black box dan pengujian calon pengguna dilakukan dengan cara meminta responden untuk mencoba game yang dibuat kemudian mengisi kuesioner yang disediakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa game ini berjalan dengan baik. Game ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan dampak buruk narkoba dan menghidarkan orang untuk menyalahgunakan atau memakai narkoba. Game ini akan dioperasikan di software, android dan computer, sehingga mampu untuk menjadi multi-platform

Instagram selfies and groupies symbolize social media users’ public display of narcissism. From an evolutionary psychological perspective on the renovated hierarchy of fundamental human motives and needs, this study examined the interaction effects of Instagram photo types (selfies, group selfies, long-shot photos taken by others, and neutral photos) and Instagram peer viewers’ individual difference factors (intrasexual competition [ISC] for mates, need for popularity [NfP], loneliness, and need to belong [NtB]) on intersexual attraction. A randomized between-subjects experiment ( N = 110) was executed to see how the interaction affects the intention to date the target opposite-sex person. Multiple regression analyses confirm the moderating effects of ISC for mates, NfP, loneliness, and NtB on dating desire, among heterosexual/bisexual males exposed to female Instagram photos. Viewer characteristics moderate the influence of the potential mate’s photo types on perception and dating desirability. This study makes theoretical contributions to the literature on evolutionary psychology of narcissism and the renovated pyramid of primary needs. With regard to practical implications for online dating apps/social networking sites, neutral photos are more effective to appeal to men who feel lonely and have higher need for belonging and popularity, whereas group selfies are more appealing to men who have lower ISC for mate, NtB, and NfP.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the potential protective effects of enoxaparin against the adverse events of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: Thirty four rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham) underwent insertion of Veress needle into the abdomen and 90 min of anesthesia with no gas insufflation. The animals in control and enoxaparin groups were subjected to 90 min of 14 mmHg CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Enoxaparin (100 u/kg) was administered subcutaneously to the rats in enoxaparin group one hour before the operation. After 90 min of pneumoperitoneum, the rats were allowed for reperfusion through 60 min. Blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological examination. RESULTS: Treatment with enoxaparin decreased the histopathological abnormalities when compared with the control group. The highest levels of oxidative stress parameters were found in control group. The use of enoxaparin decreased the levels of all oxidative stress parameters, but the difference between the control and enoxaparin groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin ameliorated the harmful effects of high pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the liver.

Considering the importance of the scholarship, it is a challenge for the head of higher education institutions to make an accurate decision on giving scholarships and managing data of the recipients. However, the implementation is still less efficient in terms of time and allow for errors due to how to select and transfer of data recipients still use manual way. Decision support system is expected to improve performance and simplify the process of selection of recipients. In this research used data Bidik Misi scholarship. The input of this system is the personal data of applicants, the data of parents and academic data. Sample registries from 2013 - 2014 is used in this research. The data of applicants in 2013 are used for training. Whereas the data of applicants in 2014 are used for testing or target data. Input data will be processed using data mining techniques, C4.5 algorithm and Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MCDM) AHP-TOPSIS algorithm. The output of this system is a recommendation of applicants who are accepted and not accepted in Bidik Misi Scholarship and analysis algorithms based on performance. The test results for Bidik Misi Scholarship show that C4.5 algorithm got 85% on precision, 85% on recall and 93% on accuracy, and AHP-TOPSIS got 69% on precision, 69% on recall, and 87% on accuracy. In this research, C4.5 algorithm shows a better performance than AHP-TOPSIS algorithm.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend assessment with positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in staging of breast cancer, starting from the stage IIIA. Previously, PET/CT contributed to the accurate staging from the stage IIB. Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of 18F-FDG PET/CT in staging of breast cancer patients. A total of 234 patients were retrospectively evaluated. PET/CT was performed preoperatively in 114/234 and postoperatively in 120/234 patients. Initial staging was performed based on histopathological results in 125/234 and clinical results in 109/234 patients, according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification. All patients had a normal abdominal ultrasound and chest x-ray. Following PET/CT imaging, modification in the staging was performed in patients with the metastatic findings. In 42/234 (17.9%) patients hypermetabolic extra-axillary regional lymph nodes and in 65/234 patients (27.7%) distant metastatic involvement were detected with PET/CT. Modification in the staging was applied in 82/234 (35%) patients. Patient management was changed in 69/234 (29.4%) cases. The percentage of patients with upstaging, according to each stage, was as follows: IIA: 18.6%, IIB: 30%, IIIA: 46.3%, IIIB: 68.8%, and IIIC: 20.8%. In 43/43 patients, 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan did not show additional bone metastasis. In 5/32 patients, metastatic involvement was detected with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), but preoperative PET/CT scan did not reveal hypermetabolic lymph nodes. Although our study was limited by the referral bias and lack of homogeneity in the referral group, PET/CT still significantly contributed to the accurate staging and management of our breast cancer patients, starting from the stage IIA.

Bezold’s abscess is a very rare extracranial complication of acute mastoiditis. Lateral sinus thrombosis is another intracranial complication of acute mastoiditis that can occur, but there are only few reports of concomitant ispilateral Bezold’s abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis with favorable outcome. We diagnosed and treated successfully a 14-year-old girl suffering from Streptococcus pneumoniae acute mastoiditis complicated with Bezold’s abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis. Surgical treatment included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy, and Bezold’s abscess incision and drainage. During the course of treatment, we concluded that lateral sinus thrombosis was not caused from mastoiditis by direct spread but from pressure on internal jugular vein caused from Bezold’s abscess.

【Abstract】Objective: To determine the frequency of adrenal injuries in patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma by computed tomography (CT). Methods: During a 6 month period from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2011, 82 emergency CT examinations were performed in the setting of major abdominal trauma and retrospectively reviewed for adrenal gland injuries. Results: A total of 7 patients were identified as having adrenal gland injuries (6 males and 1 female). Two patients had isolated adrenal gland injuries. In the other 5 patients with nonisolated injuries, injuries to the liver (1 case), spleen (1 case), retroperitoneum (2 cases) and mesentery (4 cases) were identified. Overall 24 cases with liver injuries (29 %), 11 cases with splenic injuries (13%), 54 cases with mesenteric injuries (65%), 14 cases (17%) with retroperitoneal injuries and 9 cases with renal injuries were identified. Conclusion: Adrenal gland injury is identified in 7 patients (11.7%) out of a total of 82 patients who underwent CT after major abdominal trauma. Most of these cases were nonisolated injuries. Our experience indicates that adrenal injury resulting from trauma is more common than suggested by other reports. The rise in incidence of adrenal injuries could be attributed to the mode of injury.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcomes, and clinical and therapeutic factors associated with the development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases.

In this review, we discuss currently available studies on the synthesis and properties of MQ copolymers. The data on methods of producing hydrolytic and heterofunctional polycondensation of functional organosilanes as well as the obtaining MQ copolymers based on silicic acids and nature silicates are considered. The ratio of M and Q monomers and the production method determine the structure of MQ copolymers and, accordingly, their physicochemical characteristics. It is shown that the most successful synthetic approach is a polycondensation of organoalkoxysilanes in the medium of anhydrous acetic acid, which reduces the differences in reactivity of M and Q monomers and leads to obtaining a product with uniform composition in all fractions, with full absence of residual alkoxy-groups. The current concept of MQ copolymers is that of organo-inorganic hybrid systems with nanosized crosslinked inorganic regions limited by triorganosilyl groups and containing residual hydroxyl groups. The systems can be considered as a peculiar molecular composites consisting of separate parts that play the role of a polymer matrix, a plasticizer, and a nanosized filler.

Hand osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis which impact millions of people worldwide. The disabling problem occurs when the protective cartilage on the boundaries of bones wear off over time. Currently, in order to identify hand osteoarthritis, special instruments namely X-ray scanning and MRI are used for the detection but it also has its limitations such as radiation exposure and can be quite costly. In this work, an optical metrology system based on digital fringe projection which comprises of an LCD projector, CCD camera and a personal computer has been developed to anticipate abnormal growth or deformation on the joints of the hand which are common symptoms of osteoarthritis. The main concept of this optical metrology system is to apply structured light as imaging source for surface change detection. The imaging source utilizes fringe patterns generated by C++ programming and is shifted by 3 phase shifts based on the 3 steps 2 shifts method. Phase wrapping technique and analysis were applied in order to detect the deformation of live subjects. The result has demonstrated a successful method of hand deformation detection based on the pixel tracking differences of a normal and deformed state.

Abstract Background Radiation induced secondary cancers are a rare but severe late effect after breast conserving therapy. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is increasingly used during breast conserving surgery. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate secondary cancer risks after IORT compared to other modalities of breast radiotherapy (APBI - accelerated partial breast irradiation, EBRT - external beam radiotherapy). Methods Computer-tomography scans of an anthropomorphic phantom were acquired with an INTRABEAM IORT applicator (diameter 4 cm) in the outer quadrant of the breast and transferred via DICOM to the treatment planning system. Ipsilateral breast, contralateral breast, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung, spine and heart were contoured. An INTRABEAM source (50 kV) was defined with the tip of the drift tube at the center of the spherical applicator. A dose of 20 Gy at 0 mm depth from the applicator surface was prescribed for IORT and 34 Gy (5 days × 2 × 3.4 Gy) at 10 mm depth for APBI. For EBRT a total dose of 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions was planned using two tangential fields with wedges. The mean and maximal doses, DVHs and volumes receiving more than 0.1 Gy and 4 Gy of organs at risk (OAR) were calculated and compared. The life time risk for secondary cancers was estimated according to NCRP report 116. Results IORT delivered the lowest maximal doses to contralateral breast (< 0.3 Gy), ipsilateral (1.8 Gy) and contralateral lung (< 0.3 Gy), heart (1 Gy) and spine (< 0.3 Gy). In comparison, maximal doses for APBI were 2-5 times higher. EBRT delivered a maximal dose of 10.4 Gy to the contralateral breast and 53 Gy to the ipsilateral lung. OAR volumes receiving more than 4 Gy were 0% for IORT, < 2% for APBI and up to 10% for EBRT (ipsilateral lung). The estimated risk for secondary cancer in the respective OAR is considerably lower after IORT and/or APBI as compared to EBRT. Conclusions The calculations for maximal doses and volumes of OAR suggest that the risk of secondary cancer induction after IORT is lower than compared to APBI and EBRT.

Introduction & Importance: Teratomas, typically situated in midline areas like the sacrococcygeal region, may rarely manifest in the retroperitoneal region. Often asymptomatic and incidentally discovered, they can lead to complications such as infection, tumor rupture, or, exceptionally, peritonitis., Case Presentation: In a 2-year-old child with a history of trauma, an atypical presentation of acute abdomen and peritonitis was observed. Initial exploration of suspected visceral injury revealed a ruptured teratoma, successfully excised. Post-operatively, the patient remained stable and was discharged., Clinical Discussion: Clinical presentation of RPTs ranges from simple abdominal pain to abdominal distension or a palpable abdominal mass. Some rare presentations include intraperitoneal hemorrhage or abscess formation. It can be quite challenging for surgeons and is notorious for iatrogenic injuries to surrounding structures. Patients with complete resection of a benign teratoma have an excellent prognosis., Conclusion: An asymptomatic, undiagnosed teratoma can cause an acute abdomen, as seen in our case where trauma led to tumor rupture, resulting in peritonitis and signs of abdominal distress necessitating prompt surgical intervention to avoid complications., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)