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Background. Coronary artery diseases may be affected by several genetic and nongenetic factors. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs599839 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can affect the occurrence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. Our aim was to investigate how T2DM and the rs599839 variant affected serum lipid levels and the degree of CAD patients' coronary artery stenosis. rs599839 polymorphism genotyping was done on Saudi patients with coronary angiography performed previously. Patients enrolled were divided into group A (360 DM patients), group B (225 DM patients with CAD), and group C (190 healthy volunteers as control). Results. Individuals with diabetes and CAD who possessed the GG genotype in rs599839 exhibited markedly reduced means of total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and triglycerides (TG; 224.5, 116.2, and 221.4 versus 251.6, 131.3, and 261.7 mg/dl, p = 0.003, 0.007, and 0.025, respectively) than AA genotype. The odds ratio and the confidence interval of 95% for G allele carriers of rs599839 were OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.82, and p = 0.003, among diabetic patients with CAD. Conclusions. In patients with diabetic CAD, the locus 1p13.3 polymorphism rs599839 was found to be substantially correlated with serum lipid levels. Furthermore, among Saudi patients with diabetes, the G allele of rs599839 variant lowers the CAD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The  PSMB8  and  PSMB9  immunoproteasome   genes are essential in cell processes, such as decisions on cell survival or death, the cell cycle, and cellular differentiation. Because recent evidence has demonstrated an immunological role for proteasomes in various malignancies, including urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC), we evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in  PSMB9  and  PSMB8 . We determined any associations between these SNPs and susceptibility to UBC in the Saudi community., Methods: Samples of genomic DNA were taken from buccal cells of 111 patients with UBC and 78 healthy controls. TaqMan Real-Time PCR was used to determine genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the  PSMB9  rs17587 G>A and  PSMB8  rs2071543 G>T SNPs. We used SNPStats (https://www.snpstats.net) to choose each SNP's best interactive inheritance model., Results: The  PSMB9  rs17587 SNP was associated with the risk of UBC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.21,  P  < 0.0001). In contrast, the  PSMB8  rs2071543 SNP showed no association with UBC risk (OR = 1.13,  P  = 0.7871). In terms of genotypic distribution, the rs17587 G>A SNP was more frequent in UBC cases than controls in both the dominant (OR = 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.7-15.1;  P  = 0.0051) and recessive (OR = 17.11, 95% confidence interval 5.1-57.4;  P  = 0.0026) models. Genotypic distribution of the  PSMB8  rs2071543 G>T SNP was not significantly different between cases and controls in any interactive inheritance models ( P  > 0.05)., Conclusion: These results suggest a potential role for  PSMB9  as a biomarker for increased UBC risk. Discovering more genetic variants within immunoproteasome genes related to antigen presentation could help further our understanding of this risk., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Elhawary et al.)