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Study purpose. This study sought to ascertain whether the target scenario game strategy improved petanque shot accuracy. Training with target situation games seeks to accomplish a certain goal, which calls for coordination, accuracy, and precision. Materials and Methods. True Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design is the name given to this kind of study. 16 participants made up the study's population. The study's sample consisted of sixteen individuals. This study's sample was selected using the total sampling technique. The shooting game is the test tool employed in this study. This study's data analysis employed the Statistical Product for Social Science (SPSS) version 29 program for data processing, along with the normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. Results. Based on the results of the analysis in the experimental group, the t test was 7.690 and in the control group it was 6.355> t table 1.761, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Conclusion. That there is an effect of shooting accuracy through a game situation approach.

Background: The rollout of 6G technology will be the next game-changing force that elevates communication standards, because it aims to offer greater reliability, lower latency and increased network capability. Given their increasing observance in the coming wheeze of technology, it is indispensable to understand the security of Internet of Things (IoT) devices like Arduino Due when deployed in 6G contexts. The latter is a concern growing more serious as the tens of billions of network-connected devices begin to enter critical infrastructure, and even consumer gear. Objective: This study aims to explore the vulnerable areas of Arduino Due in a future 6G scenario and provide detail security solutions to mitigate its threats. The article address traditional risks such as eavesdropping, spoofing and man-in-the-middle-attacks, secondly issues derived from 6G networks. Methodology: The study combine modeling and field-testing to assess the susceptibility of the popular Arduino Due in a 6G-like environment. The research then focused on designing and incorporating modern cryptographic methods, dynamic key management systems, and real-time threat detection technology. The scalability, efficiency and robust security these solutions bring to burgeoning IoT networks were key in their development. Results: The respective security mechanisms were able to strengthen the Arduino Due against various attacks. The results showed reduced success of vulnerability, an increase in integrity of data and numerous hours of system availability improvements. Conclusion: With this study, keeping IoT devices safe is good enough for the future of 6G. In reality, our security solutions successfully enhance the resiliency of the Arduino Due which prove the effectiveness of utilizing our security in boosting resilience to support a resilient 6G technology use cases towards academicians and professionals who expect leveraging 6G technologies with minimum but secured IoT devices

In the fourth industrial revolution robots, voice control interfaces and 5G networks play significant role towards advanced real-time autonomous control systems in an industrial domain as well as a social domain. With Arduino-based robots controlled by voice commands for more natural human-machine communications and 5G enabling low latency, high-reliability connectivity as degradation due to typical interference does not matter. This article explores the efficiency and accuracy of voice-controlled interfaces to function robotic attributes via ultra-low latency associated with 5G network links intended for Arduino robots. Methods: An Arduino robot equipped with a voice-controlled interface that utilizes speech recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand and carry out commands. This setup was trialed on a 5G network to guarantee connectivity and operational efficiency. Various scenarios and loads were examined in controlled experiments to evaluate response times, precision, and reliability. The 5G has lower latency response time, which led to better command execution. Accurate interpretation of voice commands and real-time adaption to robotic operations for continuous effective behavior across operating conditions and environmental scenarios are demonstrated to highlight the robustness of voice control interface. The combination of voice-activated Arduino robots and 5G networks has paved the way for industrial automation and smart applications, showcasing an innovative approach to human-robot interaction and collaborative robotics. Nevertheless, it is important to analyze the scalability, security, and ethical considerations of these technologies on a wider scale in different domains and applications to guarantee their safe, effective, and equitable implementation.

Transaction transparency and trust are highly valued in the digital age. When conventional centralized systems are utilized, concerns arise regarding data security and intermediate control, as these systems frequently fail to meet these standards. In this regard, blockchain technology, which offers secure and decentralized solutions, stands out as a game-changer. The article examines the underlying principles of smart contracts and blockchain technology in order to gain an understanding of their potential to revolutionize online interactions. We delve into the decentralized architecture of the blockchain, focusing on its distributed ledger system that ensures the immutability and transparency of data. Determining the functions of consensus mechanisms such as Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake, which form the technological foundation of blockchain, is crucial for preserving the security and integrity of the network. We further investigate the possibility that intelligent contracts can orchestrate agreements and enable trustless transactions in response to predefined conditions. This study showcases the practical applications of blockchain technology and smart contracts in establishing more reliable processes within the healthcare, supply chain management, and finance sectors. The study not only contemplates potential solutions and forthcoming improvements but also recognizes the constraints of the existing technology, specifically with regard to scalability and energy usage. The emergence of smart contracts and blockchain technology heralds a new era of decentralized and impenetrable digital security. Their revolutionary potential to redefine trust and empower both individuals and corporations is evident. In order to optimize their capabilities, we must work together to address existing challenges and enforce solid legal structures that regulate the ethical and transformative application of these state-of-the-art technologies.

Background: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized operations for businesses, and fog computing is a valuable resource management and job scheduling tool that has facilitated the transformation. In this regard, efficient resource usage will be more useful for the performance and energy cost-saving limit of IIoT system. Objective: The article proposed a new energy-aware metaheuristic approach to enhancing the performance and efficiency of IIoT systems in fog computing environments. The study aims to come up with a methodology that strikes a balance between efficiency in compute requirements and energy consumption. Methodology: A meta-heuristic method inspired by natural processes such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing is applied to optimize the selection of which jobs should be scheduled. This approach takes into account several parameters like when the job is needed, availability of resources, and usage patterns to efficiently schedule jobs across the network. Results: The results show that the proposed approach drastically improves energy efficiency and system performance. In this paper, the fog orchestration master intends to divide the workload between fog and cloud in an excellent manner and resolve specific Issues of fog computing in IIoT environment. This manages to keep energy usage low and the operating efficiency high. Conclusions: Metaheuristic optimization techniques integrate into fog computing environments for IIoT job schedule complexity. This methodology enhances the sustainability of IIoT operations, and their ability to meet robust performance requirements over time. Our findings provide the crucial insight needed to enable industries that need seamless IIoT integration and plan further research in the field of energy-efficient fog computing.

Departing from multimedia services among multiple access networks, the Integrated Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) technology is required to enhance communication flexibility and efficiency. However, the growing need for secure, auditable and non-modifiable systems has made clear the shortcomings of conventional IMS in particular when it comes to security and privacy control. The article is trying to solve the security issues in IMS by using blockchain technology and propose a novel architecture which reduces data integrity, authentication and access control in telecom networks without the direct or indirect involvement of a third party. The study designed a hybrid architecture through integrating IMS and the blockchain platform. We tested the new system with a range of simulations, and we tested some primary KPIs like latency, scalability, security resilience. Assessments were based on expert interviews and comparison studies against existing models in circulation. The integrated blockchain-IMS approach leaded to substantial enhancement in security measures, resulting in 40% decrease in identity theft occurrences and 30% fall in unauthorized data access attempts. It means the system maintains acceptable (not so low, around 2ms base latency but smooth) latency and scales good with increasing networking traffic. The possible solution for enhanced communication network security could be an integration of IMS and Blockchain technology. This architecture guarantees data integrity and privacy and gives a feasible, scalable solution for network management. In the future, blockchain integration should be further optimized to reduce Response-time and guarantee user transparency.

Background: Climate change is a pressing global issue with far-reaching consequences. Understanding and predicting its impacts is crucial for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. With its ability to process vast amounts of data, deep learning offers a promising avenue for improving climate change impact predictions. Objective: This empirical study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning models in predicting climate change impacts. We explore whether these models can provide more accurate and reliable predictions than traditional methods. Methodology: Authors employ a comprehensive dataset of historical climate data and associated impact variables. Deep learning architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), are trained and tested using this dataset. We also compare their performance against conventional regression models. Results: Article findings demonstrate that deep learning models outperform traditional methods in predicting climate change impacts.Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have shown remarkable precision and resilience in identifying intricate connections between climate variables and their consequences, including occurrences of severe weather events and the increase in sea levels. Conclusion: Deep learning approaches significantly promise to enhance our understanding of climate change impacts. They offer more accurate predictions and the potential to inform policy decisions and adaptation strategies effectively. As climate change continues accelerating, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques is essential for a sustainable future.

Background: 5G, when combined with immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, can create a trillion dollar innovation ecosystem across industries from education and healthcare to entertainment. The article studies what impact and implications did this integration provide towards the fostering of IT infrastructure growth. Objective: This article investigates whether the 5G/LTE network capabilities can add value to VR applications and focuses on identification of challenges in managing such technology. The proposed research will cover a general perspective on how this integration impacts overall IT systems and thus aims at offering an extensive understanding of the effect of integrates testing over performance, efficiency and end user experience of IT systems. Methodology: This article combined qualitative research techniques of expert interviews and case studies with quantitative data analysis based on network performance indicators—e.g., focusing the effectiveness of VR applications. The main point is that this process provides a comprehensive picture of where technologies are converging. Results: Intending 5G/LTE can significantly enhance performance with a decrease in latency and an increase in data throughput lends recognition to the idea that many of these applications are for VR applications. They provide a real-world example and demonstrate the potential of full integration. But it has identified some problems such as security concerns, network instability and scalability limitations. Conclusion: The integration of 5G/LTE and VR represents a milestone of the scene multi-view system in modern information technology infrastructure, which leads to an increase in user experience and operation efficiency. Despite obstacles needing attention, our results underscore the significant benefits of the integration and its capacity to inspire innovation across a variety of fields.

Background: Metastatic bone cancers are a significant clinical problem because metastasis disrupts normal bone homeostasis, including calcium dysregulation. Much less is known about hypocalcemia and its clinical consequences. The study analyzed serum calcium changes in metastatic bone cancer patients, assessed differences across diagnoses and clinical stages, and evaluated alkaline phosphatase levels and types of bone lesions. Method: A prospective study was conducted on 100 metastatic bone cancers using convenience sampling, at Indus Medical College Hospital, between March and April 2020. The patients were categorized based on the principle tumor type, clinical stage, and bone scan results. Serum calcium, corrected calcium, albumin, and ALP are measured and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis was done by SPSS using one-way ANOVA, t-tests, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and Chi-square tests. A p-value of

Frequent itemset mining (FIM) is a major component in association rule mining, significantly influencing its performance. FIM is a computationally intensive nondeterministic polynomial time (NP)-hard problem. At the core of FIM is the task of computing support of candidate itemsets. This problem becomes more severe when the dataset is dense as the support is computed for millions, or even billions, of candidate itemsets. The rapid growth of data further exacerbates this problem. To achieve high scalability and efficiency, recently, researchers have proposed various approaches to approximate the support of an itemset using as small a subset of transaction data as possible. In addition to efficiency, accuracy is another important metric for these algorithms. They strive to increase true positives and reduce false negatives and false positives. One such recently proposed approximate FIM algorithm is Probabilistic Breadth-First (ProbBF), which is highly efficient for dense data due to its unique approach of not using transactional data beyond 2-size itemsets. Unlike other counterparts, this algorithm requires no additional input parameters beyond the traditional support threshold. However, ProbBF is a breadth-first algorithm, and it is well-established that breadth-first FIM algorithms consume significantly more memory than depth-first algorithms on dense datasets. It is also worth noting that significantly high memory consumption slows run-time performance of an algorithm due to low utilization of locality of reference, thrashing, and aggressive garbage collection etc. This article proposes a FIM algorithm, ProbDF, that discards transaction data after determining all frequent itemsets of sizes one and two. For frequent itemsets of size three or more, it employs a probabilistic support prediction model (PSPM) to predict their support probabilistically. PSPM, first proposed with ProbBF, uses lightweight calculations that exclude transaction data. Our experiments demonstrate that ProbDF, with its depth-first search strategy tailored to PSPM and other optimizations, is efficient in terms of time and space, and successfully generates the majority of frequent itemsets on real-world benchmark datasets. However, due to the probabilistic nature of ProbDF, some compromise in quality is inevitable.

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and multifactorial disease, driven by genetic alterations that promote tumor growth and progression. However, recent research has highlighted the importance of non-genetic factors in shaping cancer evolution and influencing therapeutic outcomes. Non-genetic heterogeneity refers to diverse subpopulations of cancer cells within breast tumors, exhibiting distinct phenotypic and functional properties. These subpopulations can arise through various mechanisms, including clonal evolution, genetic changes, epigenetic changes, and reversible phenotypic transitions. Although genetic and epigenetic changes are important points of the pathology of breast cancer yet, the immune system also plays a crucial role in its progression. In clinical management, histologic and molecular classification of BC are used. Immunological subtyping of BC has gained attention in recent years as compared to traditional techniques. Intratumoral heterogeneity revealed by immunological microenvironment (IME) has opened novel opportunities for immunotherapy research. This systematic review is focused on non-genetic variability to identify and interlink immunological subgroups in breast cancer. This review provides a deep understanding of adaptive methods adopted by tumor cells to withstand changes in the tumor microenvironment and selective pressure imposed by medications. These adaptive methods include alterations in drug targets, immune system evasion, activation of survival pathways, and alterations in metabolism. Understanding non-genetic heterogeneity is essential for the development of targeted therapies.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors characterize a major class of Type II antidiabetic drugs and play a significant role in lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Currently, the market offers a limited number of synthetic inhibitors, highlighting the necessity for the discovery of new and potent compounds with enhanced efficacy in this area. For this purpose, an already established library of 51 plant extracts was screened against α-glucosidase, among which Bombax ceiba extract exhibits significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50; 1.95 ± 0.29 µg/mL) as compared to acarbose (IC50; 3.14 ± 0.49 µg/mL). Moreover, in order to investigate the specific phytochemicals responsible for this activity, a literature-based library of 78 compounds from B. ceiba were curated and subsequently screened against α-glucosidase using molecular docking. The selection of hit compounds was evaluated on the base of computational tools. Out of these 78 compounds, nine potent compounds (Pelargonin, Simalin B, Linarin, Rutin, Nicotiflorin, Simalin A, Mangiferin, Quercetin and Apigenin) exhibited best binding affinities with α-glucosidase. These phytochemicals exhibited favorable binding energy, hydrogen bonding, and protein–ligand interactions as compared to acarbose. These results were further validated by in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay of commercially available phytochemicals. To the best of our knowledge, this report unveils B. ceiba as a highly effective inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The findings suggest that B. ceiba and its metabolites exhibit promising characteristics for the development of leading drugs in the field of anti α-glucosidase medications, which could play a crucial role in the management of diabetes.

We acknowledge and value the feedback provided by Narayanan et al [...]

Frequent itemset mining (FIM) is a highly resource-demanding data-mining task fundamental to numerous data-mining applications. Support calculation is a frequently performed computation-intensive operation of FIM algorithms, whereas storing transactional data is memory-intensive. The FIM is even more resource-hungry for dense data than for sparse data. The rapidly growing size of datasets further exacerbates this situation and necessitates the design of out-of-the-box highly efficient solutions. This paper proposes a novel approach to frequent itemset mining for dense datasets. This approach, after the initial stage, does not use transactional data, which makes it memory efficient. It also replaces processing-intensive support calculations with efficient support predictions, which are probabilistic and need no transactional data. To predict the support of an itemset, it only needs the support of its subsets. However, this technique works only for itemsets of size three or higher. We also propose an FIM algorithm ProbBF, which incorporates this technique. The ProbBF discards transactional data after it uses it to calculate frequent one and two-size itemsets. For the itemsets of size k, where $k\ge 3$ , ProbBF uses the proposed probabilistic technique to predict their support. It is considered frequent if the predicted support is greater than a given threshold. Our experiments show that ProbBF is efficient in both time and space against state-of-the-art FIM algorithms that use transactional data. The experiments also show that ProbBF can successfully generate the majority of the frequent itemsets on real-world datasets. Since ProbBF is probabilistic, some loss in quality is inevitable.

Tujuan studi. Keseimbangan mempunyai pengaruh dalam dunia olahraga karena keseimbangan merupakan salah satu faktor kebugaran jasmani. Penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa teknik dasar dalam pencak silat memerlukan keseimbangan dan banyak yang berada pada kategori cukup. Maka perlu adanya upaya guru untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan tersebut. Dalam dunia bela diri karate, teknik dasar kihondachi memerlukan keseimbangan yang baik, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi pada angka kata. Bahan dan metode. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kejadian yang disebabkan oleh perlakuan tertentu dan juga untuk mengetahui Keseimbangan Statis dalam memainkan kata bilangan karate. Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest posttest. Populasi penelitian ini adalah atlet ekstrakurikuler SMAN 3 GARUT yang berjumlah 30 orang dan sampel sebanyak 15 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tes Kihon Dachi untuk Keseimbangan Statis. Hasil. Didapatkan nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil latihan keseimbangan statis pada data pretest dan postes. Hasil data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan program latihan Keseimbangan Statis terhadap jumlah Kata. Dengan rata-rata nilai pra dan pasca tes kihondachi (52.89-75.56), dan kata (48.64-69.28). Oleh karena itu, program pelatihan ini merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi pada nomor kata yang sesuai untuk peningkatan tersebut. Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa program latihan ini merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi dalam kata dan cocok untuk meningkatkan latihan.

Pendidikan jasmani adalah proses interaksi antara peserta didik dan pendidik serta lingkungan yang dikelola melalui pengembangan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani yang dilakukan secara sistematik, sehingga pembelajaran dapat berlangsung secara efektif, dan efisien menuju pembentukan manusia seutuhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh modifikasi bola terhadap keterampilan gerak dasar dan bermain siswa SMAN 11 Garut Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitia tindakan kelas. Modifikasi adalah suatu metode untuk membantu menyampaikan suatu proses pembelajaran atau memebrikan tujuan pembelajaran yang akan di berikan kepada peserta didik, modifikasi meliputi bentuk permainan, alat, dan proses pembelajaran lainnya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMAN 11 Garut, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 siswa. Penentu sampel dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Untuk mengumpulkan data keterampilan bermain bola besar siswa penulis menggunakan observasi, dan untuk mengukur keterampilan bermain sepakbola siswa menggunakan tes game performance assessment instrument (GPAI). Hasil pengujian analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pengaruh modifikasi bola terhadap hasil gerak dasar dan bermian siswa terhadap permaian sepak bola, basket, dan Voli siswa SMAN 11 Garut sebesar 90,63% Sebanyak 32 siswa-siswi terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan.

Anti-helminthic drugs (Albendazole and Levamisole) trials were conducted on Indian Peafowls (n = 20) kept at Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore, Pakistan for 15. Sampling was conducted on days 7 and 15 of treatments. The results showed that the WBC count was significantly (P

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui Pengaruh metode latihan interval dalam meningkatkan kemampuan daya kemantapan gerak atlet cabang olahraga pencak silat di padepokan putra siliwangi Garut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif (eksperimen), menggunakan pre-eksperimen dengan one grup pretes-postes sebagai bentuk dari desain penelitiannya. Hasil dari tes interval memiliki rata-rata pretes sebesar 11.92 dan postes sebesar 15.67 dengan persentase peningkatan sebesar100% atau semua atlet mengalami peningkatan. Dari pembahasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode latihan interval memberikan dampak yang baik atau meningkat sehingga perlu menjadi sebuah rekomendasi atau sebuah gambaran yang bisa digunakan bagi para guru, pelatih, pembina ekstrakurikuler di sekolah untuk bisa di jadikan acuan bahwasannya penelitian yang memberikan dampak yang sangat baik. Hal ini berdasarkan penelitian yang telah mengkonfirmasi efektivitas metode latihan interval dalam meningkatkan daya tahan fisik atlet, sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar bagi para profesional olahraga untuk merancang program latihan yang sesuai dan efisien bagi para atlet mereka.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kepuasan atlet sepak bola liga 2 persipa pati terhadap sport massage atlet sepakbola liga 2 persipa pati. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan eksperimen. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 36 orang pemain persipa pati, dengan sampel yang menggunakan purposive sample maka diketahui bahwa jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 36 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner tingkat kepuasan massage. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui pertanyaan pada kuisioner no 7 dikatakan tidak valid dan no 1-6 serta 8-22 dinyatakan valid, dan berdasarkan hasil uji reabilitas angket diketahui bahwa cronbach’s alpha pada variabel ini lebih tinggi dari pada nilai dasar yaitu 0,927 > 0,70 hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan dalam kuesioner dinyatakan reliabel. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi > 0,05, maka peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa Atlet Liga 2 Persipa Pati Merasakan Puas Terhadap Pemberian Sport Massage.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of intra-operative periarticular injections (PAIs) among patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Orthopaedics and Surgery Hospital, Karachi, from June 2021 to December 2022. This quasi-experimental study was done using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Using the random table method, patients were randomly divided in two groups, i.e. groups A and B. Group A was the experimental group, having 34 patients treated with intra-operative PAI, while group B, also having 34 patients, was the control group. Data was entered and analyzed by the computer program SPSS-25. RESULTS: 68 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty were included; 41.2% (n=28) were male, and 58.8% (n=40) were female. The mean age was 53.53±9.39 years. Efficacy of intra-operative periarticular injection was observed in 60.3% (n=41); in group A, efficacy was 85.3% versus 35.3% in group B (P

Light is an important element in human life. Without lighting, humans cannot see an object visually. It is from the reflection of the light of these objects that humans visualize shapes clearly and see comfortably. The coffee shop as a public space certainly requires adequate lighting so that visual comfort is maintained. Visual comfort will be achieved if the terms and conditions for achieving visual comfort have been fulfilled, including the brightness level according to the recommended standards and the distribution of lighting according to the spatial layout according to the standards. With the aim to determine the natural and artificial lighting conditions in coffee shops and lighting standards for visual comfort, this study will use a comparative research method. Where this method compares lighting standards with research results. The results of this research are that the level of light intensity found outside and inside the building meets the SNI standard at 250 lux by taking data that has an average lux during the day and lux in the afternoon. The conclusion from this study is that BENING coffee & space on one of the visual comfort factors has met the visual comfort standards set by the SNI.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes mellitus. It is the most common type of neuropathy characterized by decreased sensory functions in the lower extremities and substantial neuropathic pain. Based on clinical characterization, it is classified into symmetric and asymmetric neuropathy. The pathological changes and neuronal function impairment during diabetes are associated with various pathways, including polyol pathway activation, advanced glycation end-products formation, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activation, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and hexosamine pathways. Demyelination, axonal atrophy, nerve fibre loss, reduced regeneration, and loss of neurovascular interactions are hallmarks. Although some symptomatic and supportive therapies, such as tricyclic agents, antiarrhythmics, opioid analgesics, incretin, aldose reductase, and protein kinase C inhibitors, are in practice, the outcome is not promising. To fill this gap, natural product-based therapy can prove prodigious as an effective alternative. This review aims to comprehend the available literature on the role of various biological molecules in ameliorating diabetic peripheral neuropathy. These molecules play a key role in reducing oxidative-nitrosative stress, aldose reductase activity, and neuronal apoptosis. They control glucose and HbA1c% levels and improve nerve conduction velocity, axonal regeneration, and antioxidant species (catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde). They are known for their attenuating thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate these molecules at the pre-clinical and clinical levels for efficacy. Hence, natural molecules may act as promising players against diabetic peripheral neuropathy and are a ray of hope for suffering individuals.

This research aims to analyze the improvement in life skills between teenagers who are given a life skills program and teenagers who are not given a life skills program in aquatic games at adolescence which are integrated with positive youth development. This research adopts a quantitative approach that integrates life skills and positive youth development through aquatic games. The population used in this research were students from the Aquatic Student Activity Unit (UKM) at Garut University and the research sample was determined using a total sampling technique using all 20 students who took part in the Aquatic UKM. The research instrument used was the life skills scale for sport (LSSS) questionnaire, development iThis instrument was given to samples with an age range of 17-21 years, namely teenagers, then the samples were randomly selected to determine the experimental and control groups between the groups that were given the life skills program and the groups that were not given the life skills program. This instrument contains 8 indicators of life skills, namely, teamwork, goal setting, time management, emotional skills, intrapersonal communication, social skills, leadership, problem solving and decision making.The data analysis used in this research includes the normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test by processing the data using the statistical product for social science (SPSS) version 25 program. The research results were obtained with a calculated T value of 3,496 > T table 2,101, so Ho rejected and Ha accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in life skills between teenagers who were given the life skills program and teenagers who were not given the life skills program. This confirms that the life skills program which is integrated with positive youth development through aquatic games has an important meaning in the quality of human resources in teenagers in carrying out their daily activities. Keywords: Aquatic Activities, Adolescents, Life skills, Positive Youth Development (PYD).

Protein inhibitors of activated STATs (PIAS) are proteins for cytokine signaling that activate activator-mediated gene transcription. These proteins, as versatile cellular regulators, have been described as regulators of approximately 60 proteins. Dysregulation of PIAS is associated with inappropriate gene expression that promotes oncogenic signaling in multiple cancers. Multiple lines of evidence have revealed that PIAS family members show modulated expressions in cancer cells. Most frequently reported PIAS family members in cancer development are PIAS1 and PIAS3. SUMOylation as post-translational modifier regulates several cellular machineries. PIAS proteins as SUMO E3 ligase factor promotes SUMOylation of transcription factors tangled cancer cells for survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Attenuated PIAS-mediated SUMOylation mechanism is involved in tumorigenesis. This review article provides the PIAS/SUMO role in the modulation of transcriptional factor control, provides brief update on their antagonistic function in different cancer types with particular focus on PIAS proteins as a bonafide therapeutic target to inhibit STAT pathway in cancers, and summarizes natural activators that may have the ability to cure cancer.

The..purpose of..this..study is to see the implementation of the..use of..agility training tools and..to find..out the results..of the..athlete's ability to..perform kumite. This implicit implements the experimental rules using the research design..One-grup..pretest-posttes. Subject...this study consisted of DOJO SMP PLUS NUURUL MUTTAQIIN karate athlete.. and the..sample used..in this..study was..14 people. The..kumite test is used..as..an instrument..for this..study. The..data review system used..is the..t test.. (paired..sampl.. t-test). The..results of..this research..prove thattcount for the kumite test as much as 21,002 while for ttable of 2.160. Therefore,tcount > ttable and a calculated significance..of.. 0.000.

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of movement modification in training on students' swimming competence. The research method used an experimental method with One Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The population consisted of 71 students. The sample was taken as many as 10 students with purposive sampling technique. The tool used to collect data was the Swimming Competence Questionnaire (SCQ). The data collection technique consists of three parts: First, the initial test with SCQ; Second, treatment with movement modification; and third, the final test with SCQ. The treatment lasted for 16 training sessions, one training session per week, and 120 minutes per session. The training program consisted of warm-up, exercise, and cool-down. Data analysis techniques used, namely normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test. Based on the Paired Samples Test output, the Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.000 was obtained, which is smaller than a = 0.05. Thus, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The conclusion of this study, the provision of modifications in training can significantly affect the swimming competence of students. Keywords: Modification of movement, Training, Swimming Competence.

RED-S is a contraindication for women in the sport. The purpose of the exercise was originally getting results in the form of a healthy and a fit body, but the female athletes when exercise is done with intensity is too high then suffered great mental distress that would arise RED-S disease include anorexia nervosa, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. This study aims to identify the RED-S in women swimmer athletes. The results showed that the identification of RED-S in the women swimmer athlete is as follows: In objective based on the control of anorexia nervosa in detail that there were 26 (100%) athletes who entered in categories of anorexia nervosa. While the detailed control of amenorrhoea that there are 25 (96.15%) athletes who fall into the category of secondary amenorrhoea and 1 (3.85%) athletes who fall into the category of primary amenorrhoea. Then in the control of Osteoporosis in detail there are 0 (0%) athletes who fall into the category of high osteoporosis, 12 (46.15%) athletes who fall into the category of moderate osteoporosis, and 14 (53.85%) athletes who fall into the category of low osteoporosis. In Subjective based on the tendency of the RED-S, as many as three athletes (11.54 %) were in the category of very high, 3 athletes (11.54 %) were in the high category, 13 athletes (50.00%) were in the category of being, 5 athletes (19.23 %) were categorized as low, and 1 athlete (3.85%) were categorized as very low. While based on the RED-S risk factors, as many as four athletes (15.38%) were in the category of very high, 5 athletes (19.23%) were in the high category, 12 athletes (46.15%) were in the category medium, 2 athletes (7.69 %) were included in the low category, and 3 athletes (11.54%) were in the category of very low. Keywords: RED-S, Female Athlete, Swimmer.

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the body experiences an increase in the level of sugar in the blood and is a clinical manifestation of diabetes type. This unusual exercise can cause insulin resistance in patients with diabetes. Chia seeds contain a lot of antioxidants, which makes them effective in reducing oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to show the difference in the effect of the extraction of chia seeds and moderate exercise high blood sugar in T2DM. limit. and STZ injection. This research method is experimental and post-test control group design only. The number of samples is 15 male wistar rats aged 3-4 months with a weight of 180-200 grams repeated for 7 days, divided into 3 groups at random, that is the treatment group P0 as control, P1 received injection which. STZ and moderate exercise. and chia seed extract dose of 4.5 mg/kg body weight, P2 for STZ injection, for moderate exercise and chia seed extract dose of 13.5 mg/kg body weight/day. The duration of treatment is 7 days. Blood samples are taken from v. Ophthalmica on day 14. Monitor GDS level by spectrophotometer method. The data were analyzed by Anova test. The results of the study showed that the average blood sugar at P0: 128 ± 2.5; P1: 206±3.5; P2: 43.8±1.9. The results of the ANOVA test obtained a P value of 0.000 and the results of the LSD post hoc test between groups obtained a P value of 0.000 (

Diabetes mellitus, a high-morbidity endocrine disease, is typically treated with synthetic hypoglycemic drugs that are costly and have severe side effects. Natural products, like mushrooms, offer a cost-effective, accessible, and eco-friendly alternative. Current study intends to examine the antidiabetic potential of mushroom-based herbal formulation (MHF) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, five different groups of Wister rats were established including one normal group. Among four diabetic groups, one group served as the diabetic control, while the remaining two groups were administrated with MHF 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and the fifth was administered with metformin for 28 days. On the last day of experiment, all rats were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analysis. The study outcomes revealed that the administration of MHF to diabetic rats resulted in remarkable (p

Study purpose. This study aims to determine the level of mental toughness of players when competing, this is because one aspect of the team's success is that the players have mental toughness. Materials and methods. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, the population in this study were Karyamukti Village players who participated in the match in the Zone 5 Village League competition in Garut Regency, the number of teams that followed amounted to 25 teams. The sampling technique uses probability sampling. The criteria for determining this sample include: (1) Karyamukti Village players who take part in the village league, (2) are willing to be a sample, and (3) fill out the instrument provided by the researcher in full. The instrument used is Mental Toughness proposed by (Gucciardi et al., 2009). The validity index is -0.135 - 0.729 with a reliability coefficient of 0.9156. Data analysis techniques used using Microsoft Excel applications. Results. The results showed that the results obtained were: the indicator of developing through challenges with an average value of 80.8% was categorized as high, while the indicator of sports awareness with an average value of 72.0% was categorized as high, while the hard attitude indicator with an average value of 79.9% was categorized as high, and the indicator of wanting to succeed with an average value of 79.1% was categorized as high, and the overall result of the level of mental toughness of Karyamukti Village players when competing with an average result of 79.3%. Conclusion. The results were categorized as high. This shows that the hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted.

Purpose of study. This study aims to determine the description of body mass index and physical fitness of students of the Al Yumna Banyuresmi Garut Tahfizh Islamic Boarding School, Garut. Materials and methods. The method used was a quantitative descriptive survey, with the technique of the 2019 Department of Education of the Republic of the Philippines physical fitness instrument test. The variables in this study were BMI and Physical Fitness. The sampling technique used a random sampling technique of 57 people consisting of 27 men and 30 women, data collection techniques through the Philippine physical fitness test, BMI with anthropometric measurements, strength with push ups and basic plank, flexibility with zipper test and sit and reach , coordination with juggling test, agility using hexagon agility test, speed with 40 meter sprint test, strength with standing long jump, balance with stork balance test and reaction time speed with stick drop test. Results. The data processing method uses descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel. For male students, there were 2 people (7.14%) in the underweight category, 5 people (18.52%) in the underweight category, 18 people (66.60%) in the normal category, 1 person (3.70%) in the overweight category, 1 person (3.70%) in the overweight category. As for females, there are 4 people (13.33%) with severe underweight, 2 people (6.66%) with mild underweight, 20 people (66.60%) with normal weight, 1 person (3.33%) with mild overweight and 3 people (10 %) with severe overweight. For men, the physical fitness category is very good as many as 17 people (62.96%), the good category is 10 people (37.03%) and for the category of very good, sufficient and less there are none (0%). Whereas for women the good category was 19 people (63.30%), the sufficient category was 11 people (36.50%). Conclusion. With the largest norm value of 5 for men having an average fitness value of 3.98 and 2.7 for women, the average for men and women is 3.34, this shows that the overall physical fitness of Tahfizh Qur'an Al Yumna Islamic Boarding School students is in the good category.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo producir un medio de aprendizaje, determinar su viabilidad y evaluar la eficacia de los medios de aprendizaje de juegos de pelota grandes basados ​​en el aprendizaje en línea para mejorar el conocimiento de los estudiantes. Este estudio adopta un enfoque de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) con un modelo 4-D. Los pasos de la investigación consisten en: (1) Definición, (2) Diseño, (3) Desarrollo y (4) Difusión. La validación del producto la llevan a cabo dos expertos en la materia, dos expertos en medios y dos expertos en aprendizaje. Los sujetos de prueba a pequeña escala comprenden 25 estudiantes de 11° grado de la escuela secundaria vocacional Perkebunan 52 en Yogyakarta, mientras que los sujetos de prueba a pequeña escala consisten de 135 estudiantes de 11° grado de cuatro clases en la Escuela secundaria vocacional estatal 2 Depok-sleman y la Escuela secundaria vocacional estatal Escuela Secundaria 6 Yogyakarta. Los sujetos de la prueba de eficacia consisten en 136 estudiantes de 11º grado de cuatro clases en la Escuela Secundaria Vocacional 5 Yogyakarta y la Escuela Secundaria Vocacional S Bokpri 1 Yogyakarta. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante el índice de validez de Aiken, estadística descriptiva y prueba T para muestras pareadas. Los hallazgos de la investigación indican que: (1) Los medios de aprendizaje producidos, basados ​​en el juego de pelota grande basado en el aprendizaje en línea, ayudan a los estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje en línea. (2) El nivel de factibilidad del producto, basado en la evaluación de dos expertos en la materia, cae dentro de la categoría "Altamente factible". (3) La prueba de eficacia muestra una puntuación media previa a la prueba de 57,62 y una puntuación posterior a la prueba de 81,18. Basado en la prueba T de muestras pareadas, el valor t obtenido para los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la prueba previa y posterior es -23.104, con una probabilidad significativa de Sig. (2 colas) 0,000 > 0,05, lo que indica que se rechaza la hipótesis nula (H0). Esto significa que hay una influencia significativa del uso de medios de aprendizaje de juegos de pelota grandes basados ​​en el aprendizaje en línea en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que este producto es adecuado y factible para su uso como medio de aprendizaje para juegos de pelota grandes. Palabras clave: desarrollo de medios, juego de pelota grande, aprendizaje en línea, escuela vocacional Abstract. This research aims to develop educational media, ascertain its feasibility, and evaluate the effectiveness of an online learning-based large ball game educational media in enhancing students' knowledge. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a 4-D model. The research steps encompass the following: (1) Definition, (2) Design, (3) Development, and (4) Dissemination. Product validation is undertaken by two subject matter experts, two media experts, and two learning experts. The subjects involved in the small-scale trial include 25 11th-grade students from Perkebunan 52 Vocational High School in Yogyakarta, whereas the participants in the small-scale test consist of 135 11th-grade students from four classes in State Vocational High School 2 Depok-Sleman and State Vocational High School 6 Yogyakarta. The subjects for the effectiveness test comprise 136 11th-grade students from four classes in Vocational High School 5 Yogyakarta and Vocational High School S Bokpri 1 Yogyakarta. The collected data were analyzed utilizing Aiken's validity index, descriptive statistics, and the Paired Sample T-Test. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The learning media developed, grounded in online learning-based large ball game methodology, facilitates students in the online learning process. (2) The product's feasibility, as evaluated by two subject matter experts, falls within the "Highly Feasible" category. (3) The effectiveness test demonstrates an average pre-test score of 57.62 and a post-test score of 81.18. Utilizing the Paired Sample T-Test, the calculated t-value for students' learning outcomes in both the pre-test and post-test is -23.104, accompanied by a significance probability of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000, which is less than the threshold of 0.05. This result signifies the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0). This implies that there exists a substantial impact resulting from the utilization of online learning-based large ball game educational media on students' learning outcomes. Consequently, it can be inferred that this product is well-suited and viable for deployment as an educational tool for large ball games. Keywords: Media development, large ball game, online learning, vocational school

تناول البحث الموسوم (الجمالية الصورية في رسوم محمد ذنون) أربعة فصول، عُني الفصل الأول ببيان مشكلة البحث، أهمية البحث والحاجة إليه، هدف البحث في التعرف على الجمالية الصورية في رسوم محمد ذنون، حدود البحث، وتحديد أهم المصطلحات. وجاء الفصل الثاني بالإطار النظري وتضمن ثلاثة مباحث: اهتم المبحث الأول بمفهوم الجمالية. والمبحث الثاني بجمالية الصورة في الرسم، والمبحث الثالث تجربة الفنان محمد ذنون. واختص الفصل الثالث بإجراءات البحث وهي: مجتمع البحث، عينة البحث، منهج البحث، أداة البحث، وتحليل العينة. وانتهى الفصل الرابع بنتائج البحث ومنها: 1. أوضحت عينة البحث ديناميكية الحركة المتنوعة والمتغيرة ونبذ الفنان وامتعاضه من الاسلوب الجامد., ثم الاستنتاجات ومنها: 1. يستحضر الماضي في نتاجاته الفنية في تراكيب جمالية صورية ليستذكر بها طفولته بواقعيتها الاجتماعية، ثم التوصيات والمقترحات، ثم قائمة المراجع والمصادر.

Objective: To analyze the evolving perception of graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education with diverse educational backgrounds regarding online learning and teaching. Study Design: Mixed-method’ study of Convergent Parallel Design. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah University, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Dec 2021 to Feb 2022. Methodology: Twenty-five graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education’ with diverse educational backgrounds answered semi-structured questionnaires at the end of 2 online teaching sessions. Results: The mean scores of 3 domains of ‘student’s perception of learning, ‘contents and teaching strategies and ‘educational environment’ in 1st vs second online sessions were as follows, respectively: (4.37 0.42 vs 4.09, 0.45; p-value 0.04), (4.40 0.47 vs 4.29, 0.58; p-value 0.44) and (4.43 0.43 vs 4.23 0.69; p-value 0.36). The students agreed that the contents covered, teaching strategies and education environment were satisfactory, and the perception was not statistically different between the two sessions in these domains. In contrast, students’ self-perception of learning was more satisfactory in the first online session. Conclusion: The graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education’ with diverse educational backgrounds were satisfied regarding the contents covered, teaching strategies and education environment in two online teaching sessions. In contrast, their perception of their learning depreciated in the second online teaching session.

Molecular hybridization has emerged as the prime and most significant approach for the development of novel anticancer chemotherapeutic agents for combating cancer. In this pursuit, a novel series of indole–1,2,4-triazol-based N-phenyl acetamide structural motifs 8a–f were synthesized and screened against the in vitro hepatocellular cancer Hep-G2 cell line. The MTT assay was applied to determine the anti-proliferative potential of novel indole–triazole compounds 8a–f, which displayed cytotoxicity potential as cell viabilities at 100 µg/mL concentration, by using ellipticine and doxorubicin as standard reference drugs. The remarkable prominent bioactive structural hybrids 8a, 8c, and 8f demonstrated good-to-excellent anti-Hep-G2 cancer chemotherapeutic potential, with a cell viability of (11.72 ± 0.53), (18.92 ± 1.48), and (12.93 ± 0.55), respectively. The excellent cytotoxicity efficacy against the liver cancer cell line Hep-G2 was displayed by the 3,4-dichloro moiety containing indole–triazole scaffold 8b, which had the lowest cell viability (10.99 ± 0.59) compared with the standard drug ellipticine (cell viability = 11.5 ± 0.55) but displayed comparable potency in comparison with the standard drug doxorubicin (cell viability = 10.8 ± 0.41). The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of indole–triazoles 8a–f revealed that the 3,4-dichlorophenyl-based indole–triazole structural hybrid 8b displayed excellent anti-Hep-G2 cancer chemotherapeutic efficacy. The in silico approaches such as molecular docking scores, molecular dynamic simulation stability data, DFT, ADMET studies, and in vitro pharmacological profile clearly indicated that indole–triazole scaffold 8b could be the lead anti-Hep-G2 liver cancer therapeutic agent and a promising anti-Hep-G2 drug candidate for further clinical evaluations.

Abstract Background As of October 2021, 47 (80%) of the 59 countries, identified at highest risk for Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus (MNT), had been validated for elimination. We assessed sustainability of MNT elimination (MNTE) in 28 countries that were validated during 2011‒2020. Methods We assessed the attainment of the following MNTE sustainability indicators: 1) ≥ 90% coverage with three doses of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine (DTP3) among infants

Abstrak: Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women in the world. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a hormone secreted by primary, secondary, and small antral ovarian follicles of

Abstract In the present work, nonwoven cotton fabric was modified for antibacterial applications using low-cost and eco-friendly precursors. The treatment of fabric with alkali leads to the formation of active sites for surface modification, followed by dip coating with silver nanoparticles and chitosan. The surface was chlorinated in the next step to transform amide (N–H) groups in chitosan into N-halamine (N-Cl). The modified and unmodified surfaces of the nonwoven cotton fabric have been characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The active chlorine loading is measured with iodine/sodium thiosulphate. The antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity assay were carried out with and without modifications of nonwoven cotton fabric. The antimicrobial efficacies of loaded fabric were evaluated against four bacterial species (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and E.coli). It was found that modified fabric exhibited superior efficiency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as compared to their bulk counterparts upon exposure without affecting strength and integrity of fabric. The overall process is economical for commercial purposes. The modified fabric can be used for antimicrobial, health, and food packaging industries, and in other biomedical applications.

Indonesia is believed as one of the top of Emerging Market In The World. it is believed that Indonesia could be big as BRIC (Brazil, Rusia, India, China) in term of Emerging Market and Developing Economies. Unfortunately in early 2020 spesifically March 2020, COVID-19 had emerge from china which made a big panic not only for Indonesia but The World. One of the negative impact that arise from this Pandemi COVID-19 is the economic depression including the foreign direct investment. The depression of foreign direct investment affect significantly to the economic growth of a country which include Indonesia. One of the Idea of Indonesia Government as the authorize power to keep this matters in check was to simplify regulation regarding the Foreign Investment which led to the issuance of Law no. 11 of 2020. In this research, the issue that will be discussed are the the importace of Indonesia Government to control Foreign Investment.

An increase in the occurrence of viral infectious diseases is a global concern for human health. According to a WHO report, dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most common viral diseases affecting approximately 400 million people annually, with worsening symptoms in nearly 1% of cases. Both academic and industrial researchers have conducted numerous studies on viral epidemiology, virus structure and function, source and route of infection, treatment targets, vaccines, and drugs. The development of CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia® vaccine has been a major milestone in dengue treatment. However, evidence has shown that vaccines have some drawbacks and limitations. Therefore, researchers are developing dengue antivirals to curb infections. DENV NS2B/NS3 protease is a DENV enzyme essential for replication and virus assembly, making it an interesting antiviral target. For faster hit and lead recognition of DENV targets, methods to screen large number of molecules at lower costs are essential. Similarly, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach involving in silico screening and confirmation of biological activity is required. In this review, we discuss recent strategies for searching for novel DENV NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors from the in silico and in vitro perspectives, either by applying one of the approaches or by integrating both. Therefore, we hope that our review will encourage researchers to integrate the best strategies and encourage further developments in this area.

The major cause of hyperglycemia can generally be attributed to β-glucosidase as per its involvement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This clinical condition leads to liver carcinoma (HepG2 cancer). The phthalimides and phthalamic acid classes possess inhibitory potential against glucosidase, forming the basis for designing new phthalimide and phthalamic acid analogs to test their ability as potent inhibitors of β-glucosidase. The study also covers in silico (molecular docking and MD simulations) and in vitro (β-glucosidase and HepG2 cancer cell line assays) analyses. The phthalimide and phthalamic acid derivatives were synthesized, followed by spectroscopic characterization. The mechanistic complexities associated with β-glucosidase inhibition were identified via the docking of the synthesized compounds inside the active site of the protein, and the results were analyzed in terms of the best binding energy and appropriate docking pose. The top-ranked compounds were subjected to extensive MD simulation studies to understand the mode of interaction of the synthesized compounds and binding energies, as well as the contribution of individual residues towards binding affinities. Lower RMSD/RMSF values were observed for 2c and 3c, respectively, in the active site, confirming more stabilized, ligand-bound complexes when compared to the free state. An anisotropic network model was used to unravel the role of loop fluctuation in the context of ligand binding and the dynamics that are distinct to the bound and free states, supported by a 3D surface plot. An in vitro study revealed that 1c (IC50 = 1.26 µM) is far better than standard acarbose (2.15 µM), confirming the potential of this compound against the target protein. Given the appreciable potential of the candidate compounds against β-glucosidase, the synthesized compounds were further tested for their cytotoxic activity against hepatic carcinoma on HepG2 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity profile of the synthesized compounds was performed against HepG2 cancer cell lines. The resultant IC50 value (0.048 µM) for 3c is better than the standard (thalidomide: IC50 0.053 µM). The results promise the hypothesis that the synthesized compounds might become potential drug candidates, given the fact that the β-glucosidase inhibition of 1c is 40% better than the standard, whereas compound 3c holds more anti-tumor activity (greater than 9%) against the HepG2 cell line than the known drug.

Living organisms are naturally bestowed with unique and imitable qualities for maintaining ecological balance and earthworms are no exceptions. These so-called keystone species of terrestrial ecosystems are equipped with wonderful machinery, allowing them to nurture soil beautifully. Earthworm gut represents a potential microbial reservoir, having a complex interdependence with the host. The study aimed to profile bacterial community structure of three earthworm species belonging to two different life forms; Perionyx excavatus and Eudrilus eugeniae (epigeic), Polypheretima elongata (endogeic) respectively. Diversity analysis using 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (34.17-77.88) followed by Actinobacteria (13.43-35.54%), Firmicutes (1.69-15.45%) and Bacteroidetes (0.51-8.12%). The alpha diversity indices explicit similar gut microbiota of Perionyx excavatus and Eudrilus eugeniae and while higher alpha diversity was recorded in comparison to Polypheretima elongata gut. The taxonomic to the phenotypic annotation of 16S rRNA metagenomes revealed that dominance of Gram-negative bacterial community in all earthworm species while, Polypheretima elongata comprises higher percentage (78%) of Gram-negative bacterial community to Perionyx excavatus (32.3%) and Eudrilus eugeniae (38.3%). The oxygen requirement phenotypic analysis showed that all earthworm species were abundant with aerobic followed by anaerobic bacterial groups. Furthermore, functional metabolism phenotypic analysis revealed that a high abundance of ammonia oxidizers (29.3-80.2%), the gut microbiomes showed the relative abundance of sulphate reducer (22.6-78.7%), nitrite reducer (19.8-73.2%), dehalogenators (12.6-25.1%), illustrating in the role of these microbial communities in various degradation and bioremediation processes. The present study signifies the intrinsic gut microbiota of earthworm species for intensified biodegradation.

Cancer therapies based on nanoparticles with a loaded drug can overcome the problem of the drug’s toxic effects in the traditional chemotherapeutic approach. In this study, we loaded LLY-507, a potent inhibitor of SMYD2, a methyltransferase enzyme, on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by microscopic analysis, loading efficiency, and drug release studies. Microscopic examination revealed an average grain size of 44 nm. The in vitro effect of LLY-507-IONPs, LLY-507, and IONPs was determined by MTT analysis (A549 cells) and hemolysis studies. IONPs have almost negative hemolytic activity in blood. The cell viability assay revealed IC50 values of both LLY-507 alone and LLY-507-loaded IONPs against A549; the lower value of the drug loaded on NPs (0.71 µg/mL alone and 0.53 µg/mL loaded on NPs) shows strong synergistic anticancer potential. We further tested the role of loaded NPs in a urethane-induced lung cancer mouse model (n = 40 mice in three independent trials, 20 mice in control group) to check the role of SMYD2 at various time points of lung cancer development. The loss of SMYD2 due to LLY-507 suppressed tumor growth, emphysema, hemorrhage, and congestion considerably. Hence, it can be concluded that the SMYD2 inhibitor has an anti-inflammatory effect on the mouse lung and suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the SMYD2 protein.

The DNA sequence database assists us with great potential in species identification because it is practical and affordable to perform. More often, the identification using molecular data helps to identify morphologically variable individuals of same species, including juvenile specimens. In case of earthworms, the classical standards of taxonomy are mainly based on genital structures, while the collection of the sexually agile worm is difficult. Hence, typical barcode marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 was used to explore species richness of the study area. From taxonomic relationship, the valid identification of voucher specimens was taken into consideration for characterization. The species richness of earthworm sp. viz., Metaphire houlleti, Perionyx sp., Drawida minuta, Eudichogaster prashadi, Lennogaster pusillus, Octochaetona beatrix, and Octochaetona prashadi were recorded and analyzed. Less than 1% divergence within species was found, whereas divergence between species was greater than 15% in all cases. The phylogenetic tree(s) was constructed using the best-fitted substitution model of evolution and species delimitation by Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, operational taxonomic units, and network analysis. The prospective and limitations of molecular taxonomy and the vital role of publicly available nucleotide sequence databases were reviewed to inventor earthworm diversity. The study shows the universality of single locus persists utopian and the use of other typical loci may strengthen earthworm diversity assessment.

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33,000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

Pattern mining is an unsupervised data mining approach aims to find interesting patterns that can be used to support decision-making. High Utility Pattern Mining (HUPM) aims to extract patterns having high utility or importance which has broad applications in domains such as market basket analysis, product recommendation, bioinformatics, e-learning, text mining, and web click stream analysis. However, it has several limitations on real life scenarios; as a consequence, many extensions of HUPM appeared in the literature such as Correlated High Pattern Mining, Incremental Utility Mining, On-Shelf High Utility Pattern Mining, and Concise Representations of High Utility Patterns. The Correlated High Utility Pattern Mining aims to extract interesting high utility patterns by utilizing both Utility and Correlation measures. Several algorithms have been proposed to mine the correlated high utility patterns. These algorithms differ in the measures used to evaluate the interestingness of the patterns, data structures and pruning properties which they use to improve the mining performance. This paper presents a detailed survey on correlated high utility pattern mining, their methods, measures, data structures and pruning properties.

Abstract Objective The current study aimed to investigate the ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood group frequency in the people of District Faisalabad and Sheikhupura, Punjab Province, Pakistan. The retrospective study was conducted on more than thirty thousand people including both male and female patients admitted to the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Safdarabad and The Best Hospital, Faisalabad. Blood samples were taken from each subject and subsequently ABO and Rh blood groups were evaluated separately. The antigen antibody agglutination slide test for blood grouping (ABO) and Rh were used to assess the blood group frequencies. Results The frequencies of ABO blood group distribution indicated that blood group B was predominant in the people of Safdarabad followed by O, A and AB respectively. While, among people of Faisalabad, blood group O was predominant followed B, A and AB respectively. Rh negative phenotype was found lesser distributed as compared to the positive Rh phenotype.

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts of Tylophora hirsuta (T. hirsuta). Methods: The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of T. hirsuta leaves were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by ferric ion reduction, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. In vitro alpha amylase (α-amylase) inhibitory activity of the plant extracts was assessed. In vivo antidiabetic potential was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice to assess glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oral glucose tolerance, serum amylase, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and body weight. Histopathological lesions of the pancreas, liver and kidney were observed. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were also determined. Results: Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and m-coumaric acid were found in the plant extracts. The methanolic plant extract exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the ethyl acetate extract. Moreover, methanolic plant extract exhibited (83.90±1.56)% α-amylase inhibitory activity at 3.2 mg/ mL concentration. Animal study showed that the methanolic extract of T. hirsuta improved the levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum α-amylase, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and kidney functions of diabetic mice. Moreover, the methanolic extract ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and decreasing peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological examination showed that the plant extract had improved the integrity of pancreatic islets of Langerhans and reduced the pathological lesions in the liver and kidney of diabetic mice. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of T. hirsuta exhibits pronounced antidiabetic activity in mice through reduction of oxidative stress. The plant extract has several natural antioxidants such as phenolic acids. T. hirsuta extract could serve as a nutraceutical for managing diabetes mellitus.