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Background The evaluation of genetic markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their connection to tooth movement can be helpful. Aim The objective of this research is to assess the relationship involving leptin levels and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Study Setting and Design Thirty individuals reporting to the Department of Orthodontics participated in an observational prospective study. Material and Method Thirty orthodontic patients (15 male and 15 female) were included in the current study. The association of leptin concentration (GCF) was measured before and after orthodontic force was applied to move the mesially impacted canine distally (tooth movement distance on dental cast). Statistical Analysis With the help of SPSS software version 21, the data were statistically examined using the “t” test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni correction in Chicago. The average degree of tooth movement was calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and it was connected to the average leptin levels. Results Average leptin levels in GCF elevated from baseline (T0, 285.315 picograms/micro litre) to 1 h after force application (T1, 384.683 pg/μL), then raised to a maximum at after 24 h (T2, 927.64 pg/μL), and decreased to the least amount after 15 days (T3, 29.26 pg/μL) and another time increase after two months (242.31 pg/μL). The degree of OTM was significantly correlated with the levels of leptin. Conclusion While OTM was occurring, a biphasic fluctuation in the leptin level was noted. The amount of tooth movement was significantly correlated with the GCF leptin level.

Introduction: The mechanical characteristics of orthodontic wires are crucial since they have a significant impact on the effectiveness of orthodontic therapy, and patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are becoming more and more picky about their aesthetic preferences. Objectives: The goal of the current investigation was to assess the hardness of various orthodontic wires. Materials and Methods: Three types of wires were employed in this study: nickel titanium (NiTi, USA), beta-titanium (TMA, USA), and stainless steel (SS, Germany). For the upper left canine in this investigation, we utilized an edgewise bracket with a slot size of 0.018″. Epoxy resin was used to implant the wires. The orientation of the brackets was horizontal. Next, a measurement was taken of the brackets’ external surfaces’ hardness. Using an optical microscope, the micrographs of the typical Vickers indentations were captured. The acquired data was assessed statistically. Results: The specimens belonging to the stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium groups had mean microhardness values of 523.24, 367.22, and 321.36, respectively. There were noteworthy outcomes when comparing the three research groups. Conclusion: Among the stainless steel group specimens, the highest microhardness was observed. However, more research is advised.

Background: Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated. Objectives: An observational study to assess the remineralizing efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and ozone remineralizing agents on the artificial carious lesion. Methodology: In this observational research, the artificial carious lesion was produced on extracted 40 premolar teeth. Later, remineralizing agents (Group A: nHAp, Group B: TCP, Group C: Ozone remineralizing agents, Group D: Control group (Deionized water) were used to remineralize demineralized teeth. Utilizing the Vickers Hardness Number, the level of demineralization and remineralization was assessed. Later these readings were statistically assessed using the Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) and ANOVA tests in SPSS version 21.0. The P value was set at 0.05 or less. Results: After demineralization, there was a decrease in enamel microhardness values, with 32% in Group A, 26% in Group B, 22% in Group C, and 21% in Group D, respectively. From the baseline to demineralization, there was a statistically significant decrease in microhardness across all groups. After remineralization, Groups A, B, and C experienced an increase in microhardness while Group D experienced no changes. This showed that Group A had the highest remineralization percentage, followed by Group B and Group C. Conclusion: nHAp and TCP had the greater remineralizing ability, which can be used to manage initial carious lesions.

Objectives: The study's objective was to contrast the two distinct rotary file techniques used to shape mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: The investigation involved twenty recently removed mandibular molars. A digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was placed in a fixed position, a muffle block was built, and images of each tooth's three cross sections were obtained. The specimens were split into the following two groups at random: Rotary files from WaveOne were used to prepare group A and Mtwo rotary files were used to prepare group B. Results: At the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering ability compared with the Mtwo file system (P 0.05). Conclusion: When compared to the Mtwo file system, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering capabilities and needed significantly less time to build the curved canals.

To evaluate the characteristics of a thermomechanically loaded composite resin enhanced with graphene nanoparticles. A total of 60 specimens were manufactured with Test group TG1 (20), TG2 (20), and control group CG (20). All samples were subjected to surface roughness using a three-dimensional (3D) Optical profilometer and flexural strength. All specimens were subjected to thermomechanical cyclic loading. Microhardness measurement was performed with a microhardness tester. The average microhardness and flexural strength were higher in test groups TG1 and TG2 and lowest in control group CG. There was an improvement in surface roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness in the test group after the addition of graphene nanoparticles compared to the control group. Conclusion: The addition of graphene nanoparticles to composite resin significantly improved flexural strength and microhardness. The physical and chemical properties of the composite showed marked improvement.

Objectives: The current research was done to assess the bone quality at implant site using CBCT. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 partially edentulous patients of both genders. All subjects had their chests scanned using a Kodac machine set to 120 kVp, 12 mA, and a 17-second exposure time. Using Hounsfield units, bone quality was classified as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 (HU). Result: Out of 50 patients, 27 were males and 23 were females. The average HU was 786.1 at the anterior maxilla, 1174.3 at the anterior mandible, 332.1 at the posterior maxilla, and 742.4 at the posterior mandible. The variation was considerable (P-0.01). Conclusion: The anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, posterior mandible, and posterior maxilla were found to have the highest densities. Based on Hounsfield units, CBCT is helpful in determining the bone density at the implant site.

يلعب التعليم المدمج الفعال على نقاط القوة في التعلم وجهًا لوجه والتعليم عبر الإنترنت، ويجمع أفضل ما في كلا النهجين لتسهيل أفضل نتائج التعلم للطلاب، و يساعد الطلاب على اكتساب المزيد من الفهم للموضوع، ويطور مهاراتهم المعرفية والاجتماعية وخلفياتهم الثقافية المختلفة ويساهم في تطوير ما لديهم من تفضيلات في أساليب تفكيرهم وتنوع كفاءاتهم العلمية، وتدعم التكنولوجيا هذا التمايز، كما أنها تستوعب الطلاب ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة والاهتمامات التعليمية المختلفة، وتشير مشاركة الطلاب الفعالة الى نوعية وكمية ردود الفعل النفسية والمعرفية والعاطفية والسلوكية للطلاب على عملية التعليم، وكذلك الأنشطة الأكاديمية والاجتماعية داخل و خارج الفصل الدراسي، لتحقيق نتائج تعليمية ناجحة في المجال التربوي، لذا تعد مشاركة الطلاب الفعالة أحد المجالات الدراسية الهامة للبحث التربوي، أذا تعتبر ضرورية أو مهمة للتعلم والأداء والانجاز والاحتفاظ بالمادة التعليمية. وبما ان طلبة الجامعة يعيشون واقعاً جديدا فرضته عليهم جائحة كورونا (COVID-19) من عدم القدرة من الاستمرار بشكل متواصل في التعليم التقليدي، لذا برزت اهمية التعليم المدمج لدى طلبة الجامعة، ومشاركتهم المعرفية الفعالة، الذي تدعمه التكنولوجيا لضمان استمرار توفير تعليم قيم على مستوى الجامعة، لذا اختارت الباحثة ان تكون عينة البحث طلبة الجامعة. ولقد تلخصت مشكلة البحث بالسؤال الاتي، معرفة مدى فعالية التعليم المدمج لدى طلبة الجامعة؟ وهل يمتلكون المشاركة الفعالة؟ وهل هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين التعليم المدمج والمشاركة الفعالة لدى طلبة الجامعة؟ ويستهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على: • التعليم المدمج لدى طلبة الجامعة. • معرفة الفروق ذات الدلالة بمستوى التعليم المدمج وفق متغير الجنس (ذكور-اناث) والتخصص (علمي –انساني) • مشاركة الطلاب الفعالة لدى طلبة الجامعة. • معرفة الفروق ذات الدلالة بالمشاركة الطلاب الفعالة وفق متغير الجنس (ذكور- اناث) والتخصص (علمي –انساني) • العلاقة الارتباطية بين التعليم المدمج ومشاركة الطلاب الفعالة لدى طلبة الجامعة. ولتحقيق اهداف البحث تم اختيار( 940 ) طالب وطالبة من طلبة الكليات منها العلمية وتشمل (كلية المعلوماتية الطبية الحيوية، كلية معلوماتية الاعمال ، كلية طب الاسنان) والانسانية(كلية الآداب، كلية التربية) من الجامعات العراقية الحكومية في بغداد، وتم اختيارهم بطريقة القصدية بسبب تطبيقهم لنظام التعليم المدمج، وقامت الباحثة ببناء مقياس التعليم المدمج، بالاعتماد على تعريف ديفس تانغ وتشاو بالاعتماد على (Davis Tang & Chaw,نظرية قبول التكنلوجيا 2013)فقد كانت فقرات مقياس التعليم المدمج من (36) فقرة موزعة على ست أبعاد، هي (مرونة التعليم، التعلم عبر الانترنت، ادارة الدراسة، التكنلوجية، التعليم في الفصل الدراسي، التفاعل عبر الانترنت) وكذلك تم بناء مقياس مشاركة الطلاب الفعالة بالاعتماد على تعريف ونظرية جونوك وكوزو((Gunuc & Kuzu,2015 فقد كانت فقرات المقياس من (40) فقرة موزعة على بعدين هما (مشاركة الحرم الجامعي، المشاركة الصفية). وتم استخراج القوة التميزية بطريقتي اسلوب المجموعتين المتطرفة، وعلاقة الفقرة بالدرجة الكلية، وتم استخراج الصدق والثبات، فأصبح المقياسان جاهزين للتطبيق على عينة البحث، وبعد معالجة البيانات، أظهرت النتائج ما يأتي: • لدى طلبة الجامعة مستوى عال من التعليم المدمج (ذكور- إناث). • لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بالتعلم المدمج لدى طلبة الجامعة، بحسب متغير الجنس، في حين توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متغير التخصص لصالح التخصص العلمي. • لدى طلبة الجامعة مستوى عال من المشاركة الطلاب الفعالة (ذكور- إناث). • لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بالمشاركة الطلاب الفعالة لدى طلبة الجامعة، بحسب متغير الجنس والتخصص. • وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين التعليم المدمج والمشاركة الطلاب الفعالة لدى طلبة الجامعة. وفي ضوء النتائج وضعت جملة من التوصيات والمقترحات منها: التوصيات: على الجهات ذات الصلة ومنها وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي اقامات الدورات والورش للكوادر القائمة على التعليم المدمج لتطوير معرفتهم بالتقنيات الرقمية وفي عملية صنع المحتوى مما يحفز الطلبة على الية التعليم المدمج بصورة فعالة. المقترحات: تقترح الباحثة اجراء دراسة تتناول العلاقة بين التعليم المدمج ومشاركة المعرفية الفعالة لدى طلبة السادس الاعدادي وعلاقة التعليم المدمج بالتفضيلات الحسية الادراكية وبأساليب التعلم وفق أنماط السيادة الدماغية.

Context: Management of nonvital immature teeth requires careful management due to higher risk of root fracture. Aims: The aim of this study was done to evaluate the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) endodontic revascularization of permanent nonvital anterior tooth. Materials and Method: Forty patients in the age group of 18–30 years were included in the study. MTA revascularization procedure was done on immature necrotic upper anterior tooth with the presence or absence of periapical condition. The success was assessed with root lengthening, healing, apical closure, and dentinal wall thickness. Age group 18–23 years comprised 12 males and 10 females and 24–30 years had 10 males and 8 females. In 20% of cases, good healing and 80% had excellent healing were seen. Statistical Analysis Used: The obtained data were statistically evaluated using Mann–Whitney U-test for the comparison. Significance of the study was labeled at 0.05, highly significant at 0.01. Results: Mann–Whitney U-test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Twenty percent of teeth had fair, 30% had well, and 50% had excellent root lengthening. Apical closure was fair in 40%, good in 20%, and excellent in 40% teeth. Dentinal wall thickening was fair in 35%, good in 40%, and excellent in 25%. Conclusions: A successful revascularization procedure in nonvital permanent anterior teeth was seen both clinically and radiographically in terms of apical closure, greater healing, improved dentinal wall thickening, and root lengthening.

يمكن وصف ادارة الحيوية الاستباقية كسلوك فردي موجه نحو الهدف يهدف إلى إدارة الطاقة البدنية والعقلية لتعزيز الأداء الأمثل في العمل، أي أن إدارة الحيوية الاستباقية لها هدف واضح (القدرة على العمل وتحقيق الأهداف المتعلقة بالعمل)، ، وتعرف الشجاعة الأخلاقية على أنها الاستعداد الطوعي للدفاع عن معتقدات المرء الأخلاقية والتصرف وفقًا لها على الرغم من الحواجز التي قد تمنع القدرة على المضي قدمًا نحو العمل الصحيح، لما كانت الكوادر الطبية (الاطباء- الممرضين) في ظل انتشار وباء كورونا من تعرضها للإرهاق والتعب وكذلك هناك الضغوط المهنية التي تتعلق بأخلاقيات المهنة وميثاقها الذي أقسموا عليه، لذا اختار الباحثان ان تكون عينة البحث الكوادر الطبية (الاطباء- الممرضين). هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على مدى امتلاكهم ادارة الحيوية الاستباقية في سياق عملهم الطبي، ومدى شجاعتهم الاخلاقية المهنية، وقد تلخصت مشكلة البحث بالسؤال الاتي: هل توجد علاقة بين ادارة الحيوية الاستباقية والشجاعة الاخلاقية المهنية لدى الكوادر الطبية (اطباء – ممرضين). تكونت عينة البحث من (213) طبيب وممرض من العاملين بمستشفيات العزل الصحي حيث بلغ عدد الأطباء (98) طبيب و(115) ممرض، و وقد قام الـباحثان ببناء مقياس ادارة الحيوية الاستباقية معتمداً على تعريف- أب دن كامب (Op den Kamp et al., 2018) ليتلاءم مع أهداف البحث وعينته، وقد كانت فقرات المقياس بصورتها النهائية (33) فقرة. وكذلك ببناء مقياس الشجاعة الاخلاقية المهنية معتمداً على تعريف سكيركا (Sekerka et al. 2007) ليتلاءم مع أهداف البحث وعينته، وقد كانت فقرات المقياس بصورتها النهائية (40) فقرة، وتم استخراج الصدق والثبات، فأصبح المقياسان جاهزين للتطبيق على عينة البحث، وبعد تطبيق البيانات ومعالجتها أظهرت النتائج ما يأتي: .1تتميز عينة البحث من الاطباء والممرضين بمستو عال من الادارة الحيوية الاستباقية، كما ان لدى للأطباء في عينة البحث مستوى من الادارة الحيوية الاستباقية اكبر من الممرضين تبعا لمتغير الوظيفة، وللذكور مستوى اكبر من الادارة الحيوية الاستباقية من الاناث تبعاً لمتغير الجنس. 2.تتميز عينة البحث من الاطباء والممرضين بمستو عال من الشجاعة الاخلاقية المهني، كما ان للأطباء مستوى من الشجاعة الاخلاقية المهنية اكبر من الممرضين تبعا لمتغير الوظيفة، وللذكور مستوى اكبر من الشجاعة الاخلاقية المهنية من الاناث تبعاً لمتغير الجنس. 3.وجود علاقة إيجابية ودالة بين الادارة الحيوية الاستباقية والشجاعة الاخلاقية المهنية.

OBJECTIVES: To compare nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding. METHODS: Seventy-two participants were arbitrarily alienated into two groups with 36 samples in each. Group I participants were treated with NiTi arch wires and group II participants with clear aligners. Malocclusion was evaluated using Little's irregularity index. A questionnaire was applied to record the discomfort levels. Patients were recalled regularly at four weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean score was 2.91 mm and 2.72 mm; at 4 weeks, it was 1.64 mm and1.48 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.98 mm and1.0 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.68 mm and 0.52 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The mean change in Little's irregularity index score at 4 weeks was 1.27 mm and 1.24 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.66 mm and 0.48 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.30 mm and 0.48 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The disparity was not-considerable (p > 0.05). The mean discomfort score at baseline was 2.8 and 2.5; at 4 weeks, it was 2.4 and 2.0; at 8 weeks, it was 1.8 and 1.4; and at 12 weeks, it was 1.3 and 1.0 for groups I and II correspondingly. The disparity was non-significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: From the present study, it was found that both NiTi wires and clear aligners were equally effective in managing mandibular anterior crowding cases.

يمكن وصف الحيوية الذاتية بنحو عام بأنها شعور فردي للطاقة الداخلية التي تدفع الفرد نحو الحياة بهمة ونشاط، والتي تتأثر بالعوامل الفسيولوجية والنفسية، ولما كان طلبة السادس الإعدادي يعيشون واقعاً مليئاً بالتغيرات المستجدة يوماً بعد يوم، فهم يتعرضون إلى ضغوطات نفسية، تخيّم بظلالها على واقعهم الدراسي، لذا اختار الباحث أن تكون عينة دراسته طلبة السادس الإعدادي ، هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مدى امتلاكهم للحيوية الذاتية في العملية التعليمية، والفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في الحيوية الذاتية لهم تبعاً لمتغير الجنس(ذكور-أناث) والتخصص(العلمي –الأدبي) ، وقام الـباحث ببناء مقياس الـحيـويـة الـــذاتيـة معتمداً على نظرية ريان فريدريك (Ryan, & Frederick, 1997)، ليتلاءم مع أهداف البحث وعينته، وقد كانت فقرات مقياس الحيوية الذاتية بصورتها النهائية (40) فقرة موزعة بين أربعة مجالات، وجرى استخراج الصدق والثبات، واستخراج القوة التمييزية بطريقتي أسلوب المجموعتين المتطرفة، وعلاقة الفقرة بالدرجة الكلية، وللتحقق من أهداف البحث جرى اختيار (468) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة السادس الإعدادي في محافظة بغداد ، وبعد تطبيق البيانات ومعالجتها أظهرت النتائج ما يأتي : 1- لدى طلبة السادس الإعدادي (ذكور- إناث) حيوية ذاتية. 2- لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بالحيوية الذاتية لدى طلبة السادس الإعدادي، بحسب متغير الجنس، والتخصص، والتفاعل بين الجنس والتخصص. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث يضع الباحث جملة من التوصيات والمقترحات، ومنها: • على وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي وضع الخطط فيما يخص تخفيض معدلات القبول العالية من خلال توسعة القبولات، وبالنتيجة، يكون قبول الطلبة في الكليات التي يرغبون فيها متاحاً، فضلاً عن عدم لجوئهم إلى الكليات الأهلية.

Aim and Background: Dental practice is blooming in India with many conventional and advanced setups providing orthodontic services. Orthodontics as a specialty has come to the forefront, as awareness of orthodontic therapy has increased. It is important to classify any health practice to understand, compare, and research the implications of various organizational setups in the country. It should possess the ability to chart the similarities and distinctions between different setups for ease of communication and patient awareness. Presently, there is no defined system that classifies the type of orthodontic practice in the country. Lack of any classification of the organizational setups makes it impossible to categorize or compare the various setups for research purpose, recognition of the dental personnel and facilities provided. This article aims to propose a simple 3-stage classification to orthodontic practices in India. Technique: Three-stage classification of orthodontic practice in group, type, and subtype gives a comprehensive coverage to all types of orthodontic setups in India. The group explains the center in three levels based on the armamentarium and services provided. The type explains the center in five levels based on ownership and scope of providing care. Finally, the subtype explains the availability and qualification of the operating personnel. Conclusion and Significance: This classification aims to provide a tool for communication and recording the levels of orthodontic care possible at any given center. It also facilitates continued study of its impact on practice efficacy and patient awareness.

Space is considered as an important element in constructing artwork, it can be a dominant and fulfilled part that adds new existence to the content. Each artwork must have a space artistically or analytically. The internal and eternal space of artwork have associated with each other in order to be ann important connected unit that establishes the work epressions and helps the audience to understand it. Such kind of works can be represented by the works of the potter (Sheinyor Abdu Allah) which have uarious expressions of space which this study is based on.The study aims at finding out the treatment of apace in the ceramic sculpture works of the potter (Sheinyar Abdu Allah).The second chapter has many sections. The first section deals with the concept of space philosophically and aesthetically. While the second section focuses o the historical background of the concept of space in Ancient arts, Islamic art, and modern art. The third chapter deals with the procedures like the choice of sample that contains four selected artwork of the potter that illustrate the application of space.The fourth chapter has the following results:-1-The works of (Sheinyar Abud Allah) have a significance of open and flat space with the existence of variety in height, form, and technique which create further space besides the spatial vision that is found through color, texture, the use of material and the creation of visual balance and movable action.2-The space in the potter's works have colored and formative interaction that gives the audience a type of psychological and cognitive embracement.The study has drawn the following conclusion:-1-The space in (Sheinyar Abdu Allah) works has different concepts according to the nature of formation & sculptural structure and the way of treating the space in special quality of using color and composition. He is able to create movable space that can be continuous sometimes through the use of brush and some gazes to present the formative and aesthetic value of space with the aid of special techniques and mixture of unit and color to create definite balance

The high mortality rate in cattle and buffalo is a concern, especially in developing countries, such as Egypt. Under conditions of global change in climatic conditions, has caused the activation of some opportunistic microbes, causing deaths in cattle and buffalo farms. As a result of environmental stressors which lead to the activation of some bacterial agents which is the main reason for the increase in mortality in this article, we reported special spots on some bacterial agents causing sudden death in cattle and buffalo. Fecal and nasal discharge samples were collected for bacteriological examination from (60 diseased cattle and buffalo showing clinical signs of respiratory and diarrheic symptoms 30 from each of different ages and sexes (first group) and 40, slaughtered or dead animals (cattle and buffalo) from ruminal contents, tissue samples from liver, spleen, and lung 20 from each (second group). We collected samples from many locations at Assiut Governorate and were sent to the laboratory. The results of the first group indicated that (50) 30 cattle and 20 buffalo were positive for bacterial infection however 10 showed negative results of bacterial infection in buffalo. The incidence of bacterial infection in the first group was 83.5%, whereas the second group indicated that 100% (40) (20 cattle and 20 buffalo) were positive for bacterial infection. Bacteriological investigations of first group revealed that the isolated organisms were: Clostridium perfringens (46.7%), Pasteurella multocida (33.3%), Escherichia coli (13.3%), Salmonella sp.(6.7%) in cattle but in buffalo recorded that Clostridium perfringens (33.3%), Pasteurella multocida (23.3%), Escherichia coli (6.7%), Salmonella sp.( 3.3%), On other hand, bacteriological investigations of second group revealed that the isolated organisms were: Clostridium perfringens (50%), Pasteurella multocida (30%), Escherichia coli (15%) and, Salmonella sp.(5%) in cattle whereas in buffalo showed that Clostridium perfringens (40%), Pasteurella multocida (25%), Escherichia coli (25%), Salmonella sp.(10%), A total of 42 isolates of Clostridium perfringens isolated from first and second group 12 isolates examined for type of toxin by using of Multiscreen Ag ELISA Enterotoxemia The main often occurring toxin type was type A (buffaloes: 5/50; cows: 7/50) Out of 14 isolates of E coli from first and second group examined samples were serologically positive to O111, 0104, O26, O113, O91,0103 and O126. PCR results showed that ten strains from 28 isolates, from the first and second group, were isolates and some of them have Kmt1, BlaROB1, and tetH genes. Antibiogram was applied upon the isolated bacterial pathogens and found that Ofloxacin - oxytetracycline - Aztreonam (Clostridium perfringens) Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone, and Norfloxacin (Pasteurella multocida) garamycin and oxytetracycline (Escherichia coli) and ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were the most effective antibiotic against salmonella sp. were the drug of choice for treatment of infected animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specimens of the genus Phalangium Linnaeus, 1758 (Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802) are reported from northern Iraq and were identified as Phalangium punctipes (L. Koch, 1878). These represent the first record of both, genus and species, for the Iraqi Opiliones fauna. The characteristic features of the species and illustrations of their habitat are presented. This record increases the number of known Opiliones in Iraq to six species, which is a very low number compared to the Opiliones checklists from two nearby countries, namely Iran with 28 species and Türkiye with 89 species and five subspecies. Nineteen species and two subspecies records from the Türkiye checklist are considered misidentifications and therefore omitted in our revised checklist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between the Total Quality Management Strategy (STQM) variable and the E-Learning System (ELS) variable in the context of climate change. The aim is to develop a sustainable educational system and effectively incorporate technological improvements at the University of Kufa. This will be achieved by surveying the perspectives of various individuals. The teaching staff at the university and its colleges used the random sample approach and utilized statistical tables to investigate the population of 2262 teaching staff members. The study determined that the ideal sample size comprises 327 teaching staff members. Of the sent surveys, 20 were not received, and 12 were incomplete. Therefore, 295 questionnaires that met the criteria were used for statistical analysis. The findings demonstrated a considerable and favorable impact of the entire quality management approach on the e-learning system. We found that implementing comprehensive quality control in the e-learning system is efficacious and should be used. The effectiveness of the elearning system in higher education depends on implementing comprehensive quality management. Several suggestions have been put forth to enhance the standard of higher education in Iraq and establish a sustainable educational system amidst the challenges posed by climate change. When formulating comprehensive strategic plans for quality management, all faculty members must exert maximum effort in attaining total quality management. This can be achieved by contributing beneficial ideas and implementing advanced educational programs while adapting academic curricula to anticipate the effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New locality records for Mesobuthus mesopotamicus (Penther, 1912) are given from Iraq. The populations from southeastern Turkey, earlier identified as M. mesopotamicus by Kovařík et al. (2022) are examined and compared with the specimens from type locality of M. mesopotamicus. These populations are described as a new species, Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. Detailed illustrations of both species and a map are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of creative thinking minds depends on the availability of stimuli in the environment, because most minds in performance necessarily need to motivate and consult them to perform the work entrusted to them by exposing them to a set of stimuli. Our knowledge of the superior consulting capabilities of our students and the methods used in processing information and their perceptual preferences helps to understand the academic difficulties faced by some of them and provides the objective foundations that ensure overcoming or alleviating these difficulties, as well as the balance of psychological and educational reality for our students is in addition to our knowledge balance, and they are future creative men in facing challenges and building society. The current research aims to identify: - 1- Sensory-cognitive preferences of outstanding students? 2- Superior arousal abilities of outstanding students? 3-The nature of the correlation between sensory-cognitive preferences and superior arousal abilities in outstanding students? The research sample consisted of (500) male and female students, (323) male and (177) female students from three secondary schools in Baghdad / Al -Rusafa . The Fleming VARK 1987 scale was applied to sensoryperceptual preferences after ensuring the translation and truthfulness of the translation and with some modifications to suit the research sample, which consists of four sub-scales (visual - audio - reading - written - kinetic) and each paragraph consists of four alternatives (A, B, C, D) and the scale of superior excitation capabilities was also built in line with technological development, the world of virtualities and developments in technological progress at the present time and we are in 2022 in line with the aspirations of the new generation. After processing the data statistically, the results showed that outstanding students have superior arousal abilities in arousal (psychomotor, sensory, imaginary, mental, and emotional), and there is a positive relationship between motor preference and superior consulting abilities and an inverse relationship with reading preference, while there is no statistically significant relationship between visual and auditory preference and superior consulting abilities when outstanding students. Finally, the researcher develops a number of recommendations and proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]