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In the present study, numerical simulation for a two-dimensional NACA0005 is performed for angles of attack ${\alpha } = {0^{\circ }-15^{\circ }}$ . The Reynolds numbers 1000, 2000 and 5000 are considered. Simulations show that the flow fields can be classified due to characteristics of vortex shedding based on Reynolds number and angle of attack. Furthermore, this study reveals that in the case of thinner airfoils, several modes (Mode I, Mode II, Mode III) are present at the same angle of attack for varying Reynolds number. Maximum lift to drag ratio is found at Reynolds number 5000 and angle of attack 6° as well as gradual stall is observed. Onset of oscillations to determine critical angles of attack is reported for NACA0005 with the dominant frequencies. A subcategory of mode III termed as mode IIIa/c, and recently reported mode 4i is also observed in present study. A new mode termed as k-mode is discovered for higher angles of attack at Re = 5000. In addition, numerical simulations of two-dimensional periodic flows around NACA0005 profile at Reynolds number Re = 5000 demonstrate that unsteady periodic flows reach different saturation states at angles of attack of $10^{\circ }-15^{\circ }$ . The coexisting periodic states and period-doubling (with higher and lower intensities) in this range indicate that the wake undergoes substantial changes from the Von-Kármán vortex street.

This paper investigates the formation control of multiple heterogeneous quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The research focuses on developing a distributed robust formation control strategy to effectively manage the translational and attitude motions of the UAVs utilizing an active virtual leader. The communication of each agent in a connected environment is represented by a directed graph. To align with real applications, only a minimum of one agent is required to connect with the leader. The challenge associated with controlling systems is more complicated by the inherent heterogeneity of UAVs, characterized by variations in their model parameters and the presence of external disturbances in the system dynamics. A robust term is proposed to handle time-varying disturbances added to the closed-loop systems. A comprehensive mathematical proof and numerical illustrations are provided to validate the efficacy of the proposed formation control strategy.

BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot represents 7–10% of all cases of congenital heart disease, as it occurs in approximately 0.5 per 1,000 live births and is the second most common form of complex congenital heart disease. Advances in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and postoperative treatment have led to an increasing number of patients reaching adulthood, with a dramatic increase in the survival rate to almost 90% at 30 years, thereby creating a need for long-term monitoring of certain anatomic parameters to identify complications in a timely manner. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of computed tomography detected complications after radical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients. AIM: to identify markers between the most frequency computed tomography detected complications after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 613 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot from October 2011 to June 2020. The study included a total of 116 patients (69 men and 47 women) who experienced complications after a repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, as identified by computed tomography. At the time of repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, the patient’s average age ranged from 10 to 36 months (mean: 12 months), average body weight was 21 kg, average height was 105.4 cm, and average body surface area was 0.74 m2. The patients’ median age at the time of the computed tomography examination was 17.5 years (age range: 7–36 years). RESULTS: Among the 116 patients who exhibited complications after an repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, 49 had a pulmonary artery stenosis, 92 had a pulmonary artery branch stenosis (56 of them of the left main pulmonary artery branch, and 36 of them of the right main pulmonary artery branch), 8 had a right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, 32 had a ventricular septal defect, 1 had a shunt thrombosis, 12 had a postoperative deformation of the pulmonary artery, 10 exhibited a marked right ventricular dilatation, 2 had an right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm, and 6 suffered from conduit calcification and stenosis. Moreover, patients with left main pulmonary artery branch stenosis had a 6.5 times greater chance of developing an right main pulmonary artery branch stenosis in (p 0.001). CONCLUSION: The most frequently computed tomography detected complications after a repair of Tetralogy of Fallot were pulmonary artery stenosis and pulmonary artery branch stenosis. Patients with pulmonary artery stenosis and pulmonary artery branch stenosis exhibit no significant differences in terms of age, anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area), and gender distribution in the presence or absence of different stenosis types (pulmonary artery, right main pulmonary artery branch, or left main pulmonary artery branch). However, an right main pulmonary artery branch stenosis increases the chances of developing an left main pulmonary artery branch stenosis.

Abstract Stainless steel (SS) is widely employed in industrial applications that demand superior corrosion resistance. Modeling its corrosion behavior in common structural and various operational scenarios is beneficial to provide wall-thickness (WT) information, thus leading to a predictive asset integrity regime. In this spirit, an approach to model the corrosion behavior of SS 316L using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is developed, whereby saline water at different concentrations is flown through an elbow structure at different flow rates and salt concentrations. Voltage, current, and temperature data are recorded hourly using electric field mapping (EFM) pins installed on the elbow surface, which serve as training data for the ANNs. The performance of corrosion modeling is verified by comparing the predicted WT with actual measurements obtained from experimental tests. The results show the exceptional performance of the proposed single ANN model to predict WT. The error is calculated by comparing the estimated WT and actual measurement recorded, where the maximum error for each setting is range from 0.5363 to $$0.7535\%$$ 0.7535 % . RMSE and MAE values of each pin in every setting are also computed such that the maximum values of RMSE and MAE are 0.0271 and 0.0266, respectively. Moreover, a concise account of the observed scale formation is also reported. This comprehensive study contributes to a better understanding of SS 316L corrosion and offers valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to prevent corrosion in industrial environments. By accurately predicting WT loss using ANNs, this approach enables proactive maintenance planning, minimizing the risk of structural failures and ensuring the extended sustainability of industrial assets.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of DR and the need for screening and management of DR with medical management of diabetes in rural and tribal population in Maharashtra. Methods: The known diabetics of rural area and tribal area were screened at corresponding primary health centers, subcenters, and village level with the help of local healthcare workers using a portable non-mydriatic fundus camera. The prevalence of blindness among known diabetics in rural area was 1.29%, and 0.84% in tribal area. Results: In the rural area, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was 5.67% (n = 776), out of those 18.18% had sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR). The prevalence of DR was 7.73% (n = 711) in tribal areas, out of those, 30.90% had STDR. Conclusions: The significant risk factors were identified to be the duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control. Implementation of targeted interventions for screening and management are required to reduce the risk of blindness among known diabetics in rural and tribal areas.

The usage of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has increased for various military and civilian purposes. The choice of propulsion system of such a vehicle is crucial to fulfill the intended mission requirements. The present study focuses on evaluating the efficiency of propulsion system by experimenting with different motor, propeller and battery combinations. The connection between the electronic speed controller (ESC) signal, current, power, thrust and torque in relation to propeller size is determined. It is observed that regardless of battery capacity or motor type, the thrust and torque produced for a given motor speed (RPM) for a specified propeller are similar. The higher capacity battery with 6000 mAh, denoted as B2 battery, consumes less current and can attain higher motor speed to produce the required thrust force than a lower capacity battery with 3300 mAh, denoted as B1 battery. The most efficient propeller, 12 inches in diameter (P4 propeller), is observed to achieve efficiency levels of 12.9 % for the B1 battery and 11.4 % for the B2 battery. Similarly, the most efficient motor, 700 KV motor (M1), is determined to exhibit efficiency of 64.29 % when coupled with the B1 battery and 62.01 % when coupled with the B2 battery. It is identified that using the B2 battery results in an increased payload capacity of 5.82 N, compared to 2.02 N with the B1 battery. Furthermore, when considering both scenarios with and without payload, greater endurance is observed when B2 battery is used as opposed to the B1 battery.

The discrete control problem of vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (VTOL UAV) in the presence of time-varying uncertain disturbances is developed in this paper. The complexity of control problem is managed by dividing the dynamical model into two subsystems i.e. translational dynamics and rotational dynamics, where each subsystem is composed of three states. A discrete-time quasi-sliding mode control (DTQSMC) is extended to maintain the trajectory tracking control by proposing a new-reaching law for VTOL UAV. A robust controller is designed to handle unknown time-varying disturbances acting upon the translational and rotational dynamics. Moreover, the proposed controller is designed to reduce the chattering issue that commonly appears in conventional sliding mode control (SMC). Rigorous mathematical proof is presented to analyze the stability of the entire closed-loop system. The performance of this design is demonstrated with numerous numerical analyses and simulations.

This study examined the performance of random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive boosting (AB) machine learning models used to estimate daily potato crop evapotranspiration adjusted (ETc-adj) under full irrigation (I100), 50% of full irrigation supply (I50) and rainfed cultivation (I0). Five scenarios of weather, crop and soil data availability were considered: (S1) reference evapotranspiration and precipitation, (S2) S1 and crop coefficient, (S3) S2, the fraction of total available water and root depth, (S4) S2 and total soil available water, and (S5) S3 and total soil available water. The performance of machine learning models was compared with the standard FAO56 calculation procedure. The most accurate ETc-adj estimates were observed with AB4 for I100, RF3 for I50 and AB5 for I0 with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.992, 0.816 and 0.922, slopes of 1.004, 0.999 and 0.972, modelling efficiencies (EF) of 0.992, 0.815 and 0.917, mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.125, 0.405 and 0.241 mm day−1, root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.171, 0.579 and 0.359 mm day−1 and mean squared errors (MSE) of 0.029, 0.335 and 0.129 mm day−1, respectively. The AB model is suggested for ETc-adj prediction under I100 and I0 conditions, while the RF model is recommended under the I50 condition.

Reducing costs, emissions, and improving efficiency in the electric power networks are becoming urgent. It is, therefore, necessary to apply improvements in the industry’s operation, for example maintaining acceptable consumer’s operational PF ( $PF_{opr}$ ) gauged against reference PF ( $PF_{ref}$ ), where penalties are levied on monthly averaged $PF_{opr}$ below $PF_{ref}$ . The efforts can be enhanced if based on interactive involvement and participation between consumers and services providers (SP’s), mainly by fair implementation of penalties and incentives. Enticing consumer participation enables mutual benefits. The current treatment of PF in Saudi Arabia is based on average monthly measurements of consumers’ $PF_{opr}$ . In this spirit, a novel mathematical model and framework are presented which consist of a time-referenced function relating applicable tariff to $PF_{opr}$ , thus benefiting SPs by reducing capital and maintenance costs, providing flexibility to focus on peak load periods, and rewarding incentives to the consumers maintaining PF in an acceptable range. The model was implemented on measurements at four industrial facilities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia for one year and the results were verified in terms of reduction in network’s heat losses, CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, and the resulting monetary benefits.

Abstract Background We have described the diversity of complete mtDNA sequences from ‘relic’ groups of the Russian Far East, primarily the Nivkhi (who speak a language isolate with no clear relatedness to any others) and Oroki of Sakhalin, as well as the sedentary Koryak from Kamchatka and the Udegey of Primorye. Previous studies have shown that most of their traditional territory was dramatically reshaped by the expansion of Tungusic-speaking groups. Results Overall, 285 complete mitochondrial sequences were selected for phylogenetic analyses of published, revised and new mitogenomes. To highlight the likely role of Neolithic expansions in shaping the phylogeographical landscape of the Russian Far East, we focus on the major East Eurasian maternal lineages (Y1a, G1b, D4m2, D4e5, M7a2, and N9b) that are restricted to the coastal area. To obtain more insight into autochthonous populations, we removed from the phylogeographic analysis the G2a, G3a2, M8a1, M9a1, and C4b1 lineages, also found within our samples, likely resulting from admixture between the expanding proto-Tungus and the indigenous Paleoasiatic groups with whom they assimilated. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that unlike the relatively diverse lineage spectrum observed in the Amur estuary and northwestern Sakhalin, the present-day subpopulation on the northeastern coast of the island is relatively homogenous: a sole Y1a sublineage, conspicuous for its nodal mutation at m.16189 T > C!, includes different haplotypes. Sharing of the Y1a-m.16189 T > C! sublineages and haplotypes among the Nivkhi, Ulchi and sedentary Koryak is also evident. Aside from Y1a, the entire tree approach expands our understanding of the evolutionary history of haplogroups G1, D4m, N9b, and M7a2. Specifically, we identified the novel haplogroup N9b1 in Primorye, which implies a link between a component of the Udegey ancestry and the Hokkaido Jomon. Conclusions Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial genomes retained in autochthonous populations along the coast between Primorye and the Bering Strait, we considerably extended the sequence diversity of these populations to provide new features based on the number and timing of founding lineages. We emphasize the value of integrating genealogical information with genetic data for reconstructing the population history of indigenous groups dramatically impacted by twentieth century resettlement and social upheavals.

The scale at which the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread remains enormous. Provided the genetic makeup of the virus and humans is readily available, the quest for knowing the mechanism and epidemiology continues to prevail across the entire scientific community. Several aspects, including immunology, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interaction, are continuously being dug into for preparing the human race for future pandemics. The exact reasons for vast differences in symptoms, pathophysiological implications of COVID-infections, and mortality differences remain elusive. Hence, researchers are also looking beyond traditional genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics approach, especially entrusting the environmental regulation of the genetic landscape of COVID–human interactions. In line with these questions lies a critical process called epigenetics. The epigenetic perturbations in both host and parasites are a matter of great interest to unravel the disparities in COVID-19 mortalities and pathology. This review provides a deeper insight into current research on the epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and potential targets for augmenting the ongoing investigation. It also explores the potential targets, pathways, and networks associated with the epigenetic regulation of processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathology.

Due to water scarcity and harsh climate, Saudi Arabia and its neighboring countries rely heavily on fresh food imports from distant lands and have higher per capita expenditures on vegetable imports compared with USA and China. Aquaponics can supply fresh food throughout the year and may complement conventional agriculture in Saudi Arabia to help the objectives and policies defined by the government for food and water security. In this spirit, an Aquaponics farm is being constructed in the desert-coast climate to study the feasibility. A detailed SWOT analysis is performed for a commercial farm which reveals that the advantages of Aquaponics in the Saudi market outweigh the weaknesses. Preliminary experiences show that such ventures require high capital costs and synergistic collaboration of engineering, agriculture, business, and geology.

Insulators are considered one of the most significant parts of power systems which can affect the overall performance of high-voltage (HV) transmission lines and substations. High-voltage (HV) insulators are critical for the successful operation of HV overhead transmission lines, and a failure in any insulator due to contamination can lead to flashover voltage, which will cause a power outage. However, the electrical performance of HV insulators is highly environment sensitive. The main cause of these flashovers in the industrial, agricultural, desert, and coastal areas, is the insulator contamination caused by unfavorable climatic conditions such as dew, fog, or rain. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to review the different methods adopted to identify the contamination level on high-voltage insulators. Several methods have been developed to observe and measure the contamination level on HV insulators, such as leakage current, partial disgorgement, and images with the help of different techniques. Various techniques have been discussed alongside their advantages and disadvantages on the basis of the published research work in the last decade. The major high-voltage insulator contamination level classification techniques discussed include machine learning, fuzzy logic, neuro–fuzzy interface, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and other methods. The contamination level data will aid the scheduling of the extensive and costly substation insulator, and live line washing performed using high-pressured water. As a result, considerable benefits in terms of improved power system reliability and maintenance cost savings will be realized. This paper provides an overview of the different signal processing and machine-learning methods adopted to identify the contamination level on high-voltage insulators. Various methods are studied, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. The comprehensive review of the islanding methods will provide power utilities and researchers with a reference and guideline to select the best method to be used for contamination level identification based on their effectiveness and economic feasibility.

Pakistan, like many other countries of the world, has continually been criticized for its unproductive professional development (PD) policies and practices for teachers due to low student achievement in science disciplines. A good portion of science teachers (62%) in Pakistan was found to be uncomfortable in teaching the scientific concepts (National Education Assessment System [NEAS], 2014) and PD programs are failing to address this issue. There is a need to reconstruct the operationalized knowledge of PD for Pakistan to expand the ways of knowledge creation, examination, authentication, and distribution. This also implies the need to review the current western literature on PD designs and practices to explore the ways of addressing the issues of Pakistani PD programs. With this purpose in mind, the current study set out to search the comparative understanding of science teachers’ PD learning and experiences in Pakistan. The study was carried out to review the literature on science teachers’ PD learning and experiences in the Western context (The US and European countries) while comparing it with the situation of Pakistani science teachers’ PD practices. This seeks to address the critical questions of how to increase the effectiveness in Pakistani PD practices.

In this paper we will introduce several physical parameters that are very promising to use as indicators to diagnose and prognose tissue, cellular and molecular status. Relaxation time, DC conductivity, activation energy and enthalpy of the haemoglobin (Hb) molecule are introduced as key parameters to detect changes in the polarizability of Hb relating this change to the state of the molecule. Using dielectric and impedance measurements, we fitted the relaxation peaks found within the frequency and temperature windows to the proper equations to get our pre-mentioned parameters. Activation energy, Ea, and enthalpy change, ΔH, are also calculated. Results of higher dose rate (HDR) and lower dose rate (LDR) had different patterns for most parameters. Relaxation time and dc conductivity are sensitive to the electrical homogeneity of the Hb. Activation, E, and enthalpy change are sensitive to the damage of the Hb molecule. Early diagnosis and prognosis differentiating between higher and lower dose rates used is possible. Dielectric parameters represent promising biophysical markers for diagnosis and prognosis of radiation exposure.

Due to the spread of COVID-19 across the world and the increased need for non-contact thermometers to prevent the spread of disease, a new electronic thermometer has been designed and implemented for measuring human body temperature from a distance. This device is currently in use at building entrances to measure the body temperatures of employees, students, and customers. This system is designed using low-cost easy-to-assemble open-source electronic components. The system consists of seven main parts: an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an infrared (IR) thermometer for non-contact temperature measurements (GY-906 MLX90614ESF module), an IR motion sensor (TCRT 5000) for the purpose of contactless initiation of the system, a graphic LCD to display results, a DS3231 clock module for a real-time clock and calendar, and a micro-SD storage board to store device audio instructions.

The Central Siberian Plateau was the last geographic area in Eurasia to become habitable by modern humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes retained in the remnats of earlier ("Old") Siberians, primarily the Ket, Tofalar, and Todzhi, we explored genetic links between the Yenisei-Sayan region and Northeast Eurasia (best represented by the Yukaghir) over the last 10,000 years. We generated 218 new complete mtDNA sequences and placed them into compound phylogenies with 7 newly obtained and 70 published ancient mitochondrial genomes. We have considerably extended the mtDNA sequence diversity (at the entire mtDNA genome level) of autochthonous Siberians, which remain poorly sampled, and these new data may have a broad impact on the study of human migration. We compared present-day mtDNA diversity in these groups with complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient samples from the region and placed the samples into combined genealogical trees. The resulting components were used to clarify the origins and expansion history of mtDNA lineages that evolved in the refugia of south-central Siberia and beyond, as well as multiple phases of connection between this region and distant parts of Eurasia.

Background:Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disorder in myeloproliferative pluripotent hematopoietic primogenitor cells distinguished by huge reproduction of myeloid cells. CML cytogenetic distinguished by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 – to produce hallmark Philadelphia chromosome. Objective: The main goal of the current study was to identify the secondary chromosomal aberrations associated with the CML in Iraqi patients have positive Ph- chromosome using Imatinib theraby, at different phases of the disease. Patients and Methods: Practical part of this study was conducted from April/2018 to October/ 2019 in the Al-Kadumyha Teaching Hospital and Tissue Culture and Immunochemistry Lab/ University of Technology, for ≤ 18 years age for 75 CML eligible patients. Karyotypes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive bone marrow samples were examined for CML patients which were used Imatinib every twelve weeks. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities associated with development of disease were detected and calculated. Results: The average age of patients was 42± 8.7 years, while male to female ratio was (1.7:1), males number were 48 with percentage about 64%, while females number were 27 with percentage 36%, only 89.3% of CML patients showed a typical shape of Ph- chromosome, t(9: 22)(q34:q11.2), while 27 of 75 showed real cytogenetic response to Imatinib therapy. Conclusion: CML patients with high secondary chromosomal aberrations revealed low cytogenetic and molecular response to imatinib therapy, especially in blast phase.

Introduction Tobacco products contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can be released during burning. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations in tobacco of the heavy metals: Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chrome (Cr), and Zinc (Zn); and the amount polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tobacco and tobacco product emissions using Cambridge filter pads under U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) standard conditions. Methods In the present analytical study, samples of 25 tobacco brands of different origin were analyzed to determine both heavy metal concentrations utilizing flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons amounts using gas chromatography (GC). Results The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn s were 4.56, 0.39, 3.31 and 1.36 μg/g, respectively. The amount of PAHs in cigarette emissions ranged from 474.17 ng/ cigarette to 1060.87 ng/cigarette for tobacco brands labelled C13 and C2, respectively. The order in amount of the PAHs in the smoke of the study tobacco brands was: nap > flu > acpy > phn > fln > pyr > acp > ant > chr > bap > bbf (full names listed in main text). Conclusions Tobacco and tobacco product emissions contain significant concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs amounts, respectively.

INTRODUCTION: Endothelin1 (ET1) is 21- amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide secreted by endotheliumwhich has an important role in the pathoohysiology of preeclampsia (PE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the binding sites and quantitative changes in ET1 in umbilical cord vessels of PE patients. METHOD: This study recruited 40 pregnant women between 20-40 years old at 3rd trimester. All cases selected for this study underwent an elective cesarean section, grouped into 2 groups; PE group of 20 pregnant women (at 3rd trimester) who proved to have pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria. The control group was of 20 healthy pregnant females at the same average of gestational age and with the same exclusion criteria and no PE, underwent elective caesarean section. Umbilical cord tissues were taken from the maternal side, fixed with formalin, paraffin, embedded sections of umbilical cord were treated with Endothelin1 antibody. The immunoreactivity of ET1 was assessed using Aperio image scope software. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a significant increase (P = 0.001) of ET1 expression in cord vessels of PE group with respect to control group (mean 28.5±1.7, 2.6±0.4 respectively). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that ET1 is markedly increase in PE and may be the cause behind promoted vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and blood pressure elevation in PE.

Objective: Endothelin1 (ET1) is 21- amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide secreted by endotheliumwhich has an important role in the pathoohysiology of preeclampsia (PE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the binding sites and quantitative changes in ET1 in umbilical cord vessels of PE patients. Methods: This study recruited 40 pregnant women between 20-40 years old at 3rd trimester. All cases selected for this study underwent an elective cesarean section, grouped into 2 groups; PE group of 20 pregnant women (at 3rd trimester) who proved to have pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria. The control group was of 20 healthy pregnant females at the same average of gestational age and with the same exclusion criteria and no PE, underwent elective caesarean section. Umbilical cord tissues were taken from the maternal side, fixed with formalin, paraffin, embedded sections of umbilical cord were treated with Endothelin1 antibody. The immunoreactivity of ET1 was assessed using Aperio image scope software. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase (P = 0.001) of ET1 expression in cord vessels of PE group with respect to control group (mean 28.5±1.7, 2.6±0.4 respectively). Conclusion: It is concluded that ET1 is markedly increase in PE and may be the cause behind promoted vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and blood pressure elevation in PE.

Electrical distribution system loads are permanently not fixed and alter in value and nature with time. Therefore, accurate consumer load data and models are required for performing system planning, system operation, and analysis studies. Moreover, realistic consumer load data are vital for load management, services, and billing purposes. In this work, a realistic aggregate electric load model is developed and proposed for a sample operative substation in Baghdad distribution network. The model involves aggregation of hundreds of thousands of individual components devices such as motors, appliances, and lighting fixtures. Sana’a substation in Al-kadhimiya area supplies mainly residential grade loads. Measurement-based techniques are to be used in estimating the substation load model parameters. The proposed model accounts for the effect of the feeders, the LV- transformers and the compensation devices present in the system. The model validation is evident from calculated results comparison to realistic measured data.

A Modified version of the Generlized standard addition method ( GSAM) was developed. This modified version was used for the quantitative determination of arginine (Arg) and glycine ( Gly) in arginine acetyl salicylate – glycine complex . According to this method two linear equations were solved to obtain the amounts of (Arg) and (Gly). The first equation was obtained by spectrophotometic measurement of the total absorbance of (Arg) and (Gly) colored complex with ninhydrin . The second equation was obtained by measuring the total acid consumed by total amino groups of (Arg) and ( Gly). The titration was carried out in non- aqueous media using perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid as a titrant. The developed method is accurate, precise, and free from interferences and may provide a useful approach to calibrate in the direct analysis of solid sample and it is suitable method to be used as a quality control procedure. Key words: GSAM , amino acid analysis

Background: Human genome widely affected by different types of chemical, physical and biological causes lead to evaluate many changes in their stability and activity. Objective: To evaluate genotoxic and immunotoxic in mixed chemicals and/or pesticides exposed workers. Patients and Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Iraqis men (n=45) exposed to mixed chemicals and/or pesticides and from matched controls (n=15) were assessed. Results: Percentage of lymphocytes subset (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells CD16+ CD56+), as well as cytotoxicity was evaluated by means of micronucleus (MN) test and Total Chromosomal Aberrations (TCA) Micronuclei (MN) significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference between both groups was found (7.11 MN/250 cells), compared to the control group (3.1 MN/250 cells) and this increase occur in parallel to the frequency of Total Chromosomal Aberration (TCA), 0.44 and 0.23 per chromosome, respectively, was noted in the peripheral lymphocytes of the exposed and their matched reference group. Significant decreases in CD4+ and CD3+associated with elevation in CD8+ and NK. Conclusion: The positive results by increasing chromosomal abnormalities represented by MN and SCE beside of variations in lymphocytes population in exposed people pointing to the potential genetic hazards of chemicals and pesticides on exposed people. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26505/DJM.17024890827

Unfortunately, sustainability is overlooked in the Iraqi design practice of construction projects. This is clear for it has led to the prevailing unsustainable built environment in Iraq. There is a great lack of attention paid to the environmental, economic and socialimpactsassessment,life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost assessment (LCCA) for the complete projects, components or materials used. The aim of this research is to build a framework to embed sustainability concepts into current design work phasesin Iraq based on (LEED) criteria for green building. The framework suggested in this research was subjected to evaluation by Iraqi consultants at three major engineering consultancy firms. Results of the importance (impact on performance)and applicabilityof the suggested frameworkshowed that it is highly reliablewith high Cronbach's Alpha values.This sustainable design frameworkis expected to be useful for the Iraqi Construction Sectorin enabling the utilization of greenbuildingcriteria in the design process.

Dates fruits and wheat flour constitute a large part of the daily diet in both rural and urban population of Iraqi, the present study was conducted to estimate some physical, chemical characterization and microbial contamination for five types of Iraqi dates, (Zahdi, Barhi, Khistawi, Maktoum and khdrawi) and three samples of local wheat, (BB10, BB19 and BB20), beside two imported wheat samples from local markets (Zer and Al-Zahara׳a). Microbial varieties were assessed by using total viable count technique (TVC), as well as some chemical and physical properties for examined samples were recorded such as moisture, total protein, lipids, and gluten for wheat samples, total sugars and gravimetric measurements for date fruits. Findings refer to that BB10 and Khdrawi have highest TVC (1.5×106 and 3.3×106) (CFU/gm) respectively, while Pseudomonas sp. showed in Barhi (2.3×103) CFU/gm, and Staphylococcus sp. recorded highest value in BB19 wheat flour (0.5×104 ) CFU/gm with significant differences at (p≤0.05), E coli gave highest appearance in Barhi (3.5×103) CFU/gm.

Environmental awareness level for university of technology students was investigated at scholastic year (2013-2014) towards some environmental statements suggested by the researcher and endorsed by ten of local environmental experts. 341 students were selected by using random selection technique divided into (176) male and (165) female belong to different scientific departments and different stream. Questionnaire form was designed, included 30 questions distributed at three contents, pollution, environmental awareness and environmental conservation, ten questions for each topic, Likert quaternary scale with known weight was used. All findings were analyzed by descriptive analysis, T test and variable analyses (ANOVA I). From the results, we note environmental awareness towards environmental status among students of university (72.1%) Compared with the supposed ratio (70%), there is no significant differences according to gender variable.

The role for mechanical stimulation in the control of cell fate has been previously proposed, suggesting that there may be a role of mechanical conditioning in directing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) towards specific lineage for tissue engineering applications. Although previous studies have reported that calcium signalling is involved in regulating many cellular processes in many cell types, its role in managing cellular responses to tensile loading (mechanotransduction) of MSCs has not been fully elucidated. In order to establish this, we disrupted calcium signalling by blocking stretch-activated calcium channel (SACC) in human MSCs (hMSCs) in vitro. Passaged-2 hMSCs were exposed to cyclic tensile loading (1 Hz + 8% for 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours) in the presence of the SACC blocker, gadolinium. Analyses include image observations of immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining from extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and measuring related tenogenic and apoptosis gene marker expression. Uniaxial tensile loading increased the expression of tenogenic markers and ECM production. However, exposure to strain in the presence of 20 μM gadolinium reduced the induction of almost all tenogenic markers and ECM staining, suggesting that SACC acts as a mechanosensor in strain-induced hMSC tenogenic differentiation process. Although cell death was observed in prolonged stretching, it did not appear to be apoptosis mediated. In conclusion, the knowledge gained in this study by elucidating the role of calcium in MSC mechanotransduction processes, and that in prolonged stretching results in non-apoptosis mediated cell death may be potential useful for regenerative medicine applications.

The present study aimed to select plant extract or mix. of plant extracts have inhibition effect on Cancer cells from untreated CML patients the results showed the following.Some plants extracts were used (aqueous, alcoholic, oily, alkaloid and flavonoids) from Nigella sativa seeds, Allium sativum Sativum and Allium sativum ophioscordon fruits and the inhibitory effects five different concentrations (0.1,1,10,10,1000) µg/ml was investigated on peripheral lymphocytes from healthy persons by using cytogenetic analysis BI,MI,RI,CA,SCE and CCP. The alcoholism mix. have the greatest inhibitory effects by reducing all cytogenetic parameters, this was selected to study its effect on patient’s lymphocytes.

The removal efficiency of Several plant extracts of Nagilla sativa linn, Allium sativum sativum and Allium sativum ophioscordon of free radicals from pure DNA molecule at concentration 5 µgm / ml have been studied when we added 1×10-5 M of H2O2 with plant extracts mixture by measuring absorbency at 260 nanometer . Breaking index for nitrogen base pair was calculated. The plant extracts showed high ability in free radicals scavenge when used in concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100) µgm / ml which effect in DNA molecule. Also the DNase activity from different plant extracts was measured in DNase agar. Alcoholic mixture activity of three plants in (1،10،100) µgm/ml concentration was studied by monitoring the protection effect on pBR322 plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli which was protect t pBR322 plasmid he plasmid DNA from breaking by H2O2.

Teacher as a curriculum developer has to be able to translate, explain and transform the values involved in the curriculum to his/her students. To develop the curriculum, a teacher can do the following activities, they are: planning, implementing and evaluating the curriculum. Through planning the curriculum, the teacher can predict what he/she want to achieve in the learning process. After planning, he/she should implement it. There are some steps the teacher can do in teaching such as preparing his/her students, explaining the material, assessing students and getting feedback to know the successful of teaching.

This study has been designed to investigate the toxicity effects ofpolyvinyl alcohol at different concentrations on peripheral blood lymphocytes by measuring each of blastogenic index, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration in addition to the polymorph nuclear leukocytes activity through determine both of the phagocytosis percent and phagocytosis index .The results show that PVA have no toxic effects at the concentrations 0.1,1,10,100,250 ƒÊg/ml because the cytogenetic parameters undergo not significantly raised (at P < 0.05) andphagocytosis percent and phagocytosis index have been increased significantly (at P . 0.05). The immune response has been found to be significantly too (P . 0.05) in the presence of PVA with Candida albicans antigen as adjuvant via increasing the foot pad swelling in the immunized mice with 50 ƒÊg/ml of C.albicans antigen.

The ability of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution using date palm fibers (leef) was investigated .The effects of pH, contact time, sorbets concentration and initial metal ions concentration on the biosorption were investigated.The residual concentration of Cr (VI) in solution was determined colorimetrically using spectrophotometer at wave length 540 nm .The biosorption was pH-dependent, the optimum pH was 7 and adsorption isotherms obtained fitted well with Langmuir isotherms .The Langmuir equation obtained was Ce/Cs = 79.99 Ce-77.39, the correlation factor was 0.908.These results indicate that date palm fibers (leef) has a potential effect for the uptake of Cr (VI) from industrial waste water.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on reproductive hormones (folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) & total testosterone), lipid profiles, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) & very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), ovarian weight & histology in non epileptic female rats. Twenty-four sexually mature female Sprague- Dawley rats were included in this study, divided randomly into 3 groups, each one included 8 rats. Blood samples were collected from one group (8 rats), then dissected before starting the treatment & experimental parameters were measured. The other 2 groups, group I received distilled water & considered as control group, group II received VPA for 56 days. After treatment, blood samples were collected from animals then killed for measurement of previously mentioned parameters. VPA caused significant reduction (P

Generation unit’s commitment is a large complex decision making problem due to many difficulties such as multiple constraints, variety of unit’s specification and different fuel used. In this work a hybrid intelligent technique is produced by genetic algorithm seeded by LaGrange multiplier method to solve the unit commitment problem for a 10 units large dimension network system using multiple mitigation techniques. This is to reduce the adverse impacts of the difficulties mentioned above. The solution results in an optimal operation schedule during a 24 hours load profile serving a load demand in addition to a required spinning reserve

The ability of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution using date palm fibers (leef) was investigated .The effects of pH, contact time, sorbets concentration and initial metal ions concentration on the biosorption were investigated. The residual concentration of Cr (VI) in solution was determined colorimetrically using spectrophotometer at wave length 540 nm .The biosorption was pH-dependent, the optimum pH was 7 and adsorption isotherms obtained fitted well with Langmuir isotherms .The Langmuir equation obtained was Ce/Cs = 79.99 Ce-77.39, the correlation factor was 0.908.These results indicate that date palm fibers (leef) has a potential effect for the uptake of Cr (VI) from industrial waste water.