244 results on '"Azari, S"'
Search Results
2. 3D numerical modelling of a large shallow cavern in densely built-up area for Sydney Metro
- Author
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Azari, S., primary, Tsang, D., additional, Gomes, A.R.A., additional, and Nair, R., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Harmonic beamformers for speech enhancement and dereverberation in the time domain
- Author
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Jensen, J.R., Karimian-Azari, S., Christensen, M.G., and Benesty, J.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Microwave induced hierarchical nanostructures on aramid fibers and their influence on adhesion properties in a rubber matrix
- Author
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Palola, S., Sarlin, E., Kolahgar Azari, S., Koutsos, V., and Vuorinen, J.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Abdullah, KH, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Haririan, H, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, HC, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Islam, MS, Iso, H, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Jha, V, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Juliusson, PB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kaur, S, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, N, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, AT, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Van Charles Lansingh, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muriithi, MK, Murray, CJL, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nie, J, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Øverland, S, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, CIA, Park, E-K, Patten, SB, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, SI, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, MH, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Riahi, SM, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, BSK, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Skryabin, VY, Slater, H, Smith, EUR, Sobhiyeh, MR, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, OD, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, I, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, RS, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, YG, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhu, C, Patton, GC, Viner, RM, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality, Ward, J. L., Azzopardi, P. S., Francis, K. L., Santelli, J. S., Skirbekk, V., Sawyer, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Hay, S. I., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshari, K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, A. E., Aji, B., Akombi-Inyang, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alemu, B. W., Al-Hajj, S., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alijanzadeh, M., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Aminorroaya, A., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari, I., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avenyo, E. K., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakkannavar, S. M., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bekuma, T. T., Bell, A. W., Bell, M. L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, A. K., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birhanu, T. T. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Britton, G. B., Burns, R. A., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, H. -Y., Chang, J. -C., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Constantin, T. V., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Didarloo, A., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doyle, K. E., Duraes, A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ebtehaj, S., Edvardsson, D., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Elsharkawy, A., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Esteghamati, S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gallus, S., Gebre, T., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A. A., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S. A., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Grivna, M., Gubari, M. I. M., Gugnani, H. C., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J. A., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, T. G., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haririan, H., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Intarut, N., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Jeemon, P., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Juliusson, P. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kaur, S., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A. T., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Koolivand, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Levi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, M. -C., Li, S., Lim, L. -L., Lim, S. S., Liu, X., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lunevicius, R., Maddison, R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahdavi, M. M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Maulik, P. K., Mcgrath, J. J., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Muriithi, M. K., Murray, C. J. L., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nie, J., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Overland, S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Panelo, C. I. A., Park, E. -K., Patten, S. B., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Pesudovs, K., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pottoo, F. H., Pourjafar, H., Pourshams, A., Prada, S. I., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, M. H., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahman, M. A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M. S., Riahi, S. M., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roth, G. A., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sajadi, S. M., Salem, M. 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M., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ward J.L., Azzopardi P.S., Francis K.L., Santelli J.S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Mokdad A.H., Hay S.I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari 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F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Constantin T.V., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C.P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A.A., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj 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Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., McGrath J.J., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U.O., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J.L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nie J., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nomura S., Noubiap J.J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omar Bali A., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C.I.A., Park E.-K., Patten S.B., Peden A.E., Pepito V.C.F., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S.I., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M.H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Rickard J., Roever L., 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Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juliusson, P, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kaur, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R
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Male ,Joves -- Mortalitat ,ADOLESCENT HEALTH ,CHILDREN ,Socioeconomic Factor ,Global Burden of Disease ,RA0421 ,Cause of Death ,Medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Cause of death ,education.field_of_study ,Adolescent ,Age Distribution ,Female ,Humans ,Mortality ,Sex Distribution ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Young Adult ,Mortality rate ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Hälsovetenskaper ,MIDDLE-INCOME ,MENTAL-HEALTH ,Adolescent health ,INTERVENTIONS ,Human ,SUICIDE ,Total fertility rate ,Population ,Adolescent Health ,Adolescents -- Mortalitat ,General & Internal Medicine ,Health Sciences ,QUALITY ,Medicine [Science] ,Social determinants of health ,INCOME COUNTRIES ,education ,business.industry ,TRENDS ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Years of potential life lost ,INJURIES ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2021
6. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
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Haeuser, E, Serfes, AL, Cork, MA, Yang, M, Abbastabar, H, Abhilash, ES, Adabi, M, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adeyinka, DA, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, RO, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alene, KA, Alhassan, RK, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anvari, D, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asemahagn, MA, Jafarabadi, MA, Awedew, AF, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babalola, TK, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Bärnighausen, TW, Bell, AW, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bozicevic, I, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Cowden, RG, Dahlawi, SMA, Damiani, G, Darteh, EKM, Darwesh, AM, das Neves, J, Weaver, ND, De Leo, D, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, El Tantawi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezeonwumelu, IJ, Ezzikouri, S, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Islam, RM, Iwu, CCD, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, Johnson, KB, Joseph, N, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keramati, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Larson, HJ, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, Li, S, Liu, X, Maleki, A, Malik, P, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moradi, M, Moraga, P, Mubarik, S, Mulu, GBB, Mwanri, L, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Orisakwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Peprah, EK, Postma, MJ, Preotescu, L, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, LD, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, AI, Ross, JM, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahiledengle, B, Sahu, M, Salem, MR, Kafil, HS, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Seidu, A-A, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Shiferaw, WS, Shin, JI, Shrestha, R, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soltani, S, Sufiyan, MB, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Taveira, N, Tesfay, FH, Thapar, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tsegaye, GW, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Villafañe, JH, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilson, K, Yaya, S, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, SI, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Haeuser, Emily, Serfes, Audrey L., Cork, Michael A., Yang, Mingyou, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Dwyer Lindgrena, Laura, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Department of Oncology, Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
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Male ,Adult ,Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive ,Adolescent ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata ,HIV Infections ,Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica ,Young Adult ,HIV Infections/prevention & control ,Pregnancy ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,General & Internal Medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Geostatistics ,Africa ,Demographics ,HIV ,HIV prevalence ,Mapping ,Spatial statistics ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Settore SECS-S/04 - Demografia ,Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Female - Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
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- 2022
7. A wide potential window aqueous supercapacitor based on LiMn2O4–rGO nanocomposite
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Azari, S. Rasool, Rahmanifar, Mohammad S., El-Kady, Maher F., Noori, Abolhassan, Mousavi, Mir F., and Kaner, Richard B.
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- 2017
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8. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Lozano, R., Haakenstad, A., Yearwood, J. A., Fullman, N., Bintz, C., Bienhoff, K., Weaver, M. R., Nandakumar, V., Joffe, J. N., LeGrand, K. E., Knight, M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abdoli, A., Zuniga, R. A. A., Adedeji, I. A., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Afzal, M. S., Afzal, S., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, A., Rashid, T. A., Aji, B., Akande-Sholabi, W., Alam, K., Al Hamad, H., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, L., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Ameyaw, E. K., Amin, T. T., Amu, H., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Andrade, P. P., Anjum, A., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Ariffin, H., Arulappan, J., Aryan, Z., Ashraf, T., Atnafu, D. D., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakkannavar, S. M., Baliga, S., Banik, P. C., Barnighausen, T. W., Barra, F., Barrow, A., Basu, S., Bayati, M., Belete, R., Bell, A. W., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhardwaj, N., Bhaskar, S., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bolarinwa, O. A., Bonny, A., Brenner, H., Buonsenso, D., Burkart, K., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., Butt, N. S., dos Santos, F. L. C., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Camera, Luis Alberto, Cardenas, R., Carneiro, V. L. A., Catala-Lopez, F., Chandan, J. S., Charan, J., Chavan, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Choudhari, S. G., Chowdhury, E. K., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Cirillo, M., Corso, B., Dadras, O., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, X. C., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dangel, W. J., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., Deuba, K., Dhimal, M., Dhimal, M. L., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Doshmangir, L., Duncan, B. B., Effiong, A., Ehsani-Chimeh, E., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhadi, M., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Erku, D. A., Eskandarieh, S., Fares, J., Farzadfar, F., Ferrero, S., Desideri, L. F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gaal, P. A., Gaihre, S., Gardner, W. M., Garg, T., Obsa, A. G., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Gilani, S. A., Gill, P. S., Goharinezhad, S., Golechha, M., Guadamuz, J. S., Guo, Y. M., Das Gupta, R., Gupta, R., Gupta, V. K., Gupta, V. B., Hamiduzzaman, M., Hanif, A., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hasan, M. T., Hashi, A., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Heidari, M., Heidari, G., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Holla, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, S. J., Hossain, M. B. H., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hoveidamanesh, S., Hsieh, V. C. R., Hu, G. Q., Huang, J. J., Huda, M. M., Ifeagwu, S. C., Ikuta, K. S., Ilesanmi, O. S., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, R. M., Islam, S. M. S., Ismail, N. E., Iso, H., Isola, G., Itumalla, R., Iwagami, M., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jain, R., Jakovljevic, M., Janodia, M. D., Jayapal, S. K., Jayaram, S., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A. M., Kamenov, K., Kandel, H., Kantar, R. S., Kapoor, N., Karanikolos, M., Katikireddi, S. V., Kavetskyy, T., Kawakami, N., Kayode, G. A., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Keykhaei, M., Khader, Y. S., Khajuria, H., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M. N., Khan, M. A. B., Khan, M., Khezeli, M., Kim, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Klymchuk, V., Koly, K. N., Korzh, O., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Defo, B. K., Kumar, G. A., Kusuma, D., Kyu, H. H., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lee, W. C., Lee, Y. H., Lee, C. B., Li, S. S., Lucchetti, G., Mahajan, P. B., Majeed, A., Makki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Malta, D. C., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Martinez-Valle, A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Maude, R. J., Maulik, P. K., McKee, M., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Michalek, I. M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misganaw, A., Misra, S., Moazen, B., Mohammadi, M., Mohammed, S., Moitra, M., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moni, M. A., Moradi, G., Moreira, R. S., Mosser, J. F., Mostafavi, E., Mouodi, S., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagata, C., Naghavi, M., Nangia, V., Swamy, S. N., Narayana, A. I., Nascimento, B. R., Nassereldine, H., Nayak, B. P., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Nepal, S., Kandel, S. N., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, H. L. T, Nguyen, C. T., Ningrum, D. N. A., Noubiap, J. J., Oancea, B., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. H., Olagunju, A. T., Olakunde, B. O., Bali, A. O., Omer, E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Otoiu, A., Padubidri, J. R., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Pardhan, S., Pasupula, D. K., Pathak, P. K., Patton, G. C., Pawar, S., Pereira, J., Pilania, M., Piroozi, B., Podder, V., Pokhrel, K. N., Postma, M. J., Prada, S. I., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, N., Radhakrishnan, R. A., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahmani, A. M., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, C. R., Rao, S. J., Rasella, D., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D. L., Rawal, L., Renzaho, A. M. N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S. 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L., GBD 2019 Healthcare Access Quality, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Haakenstad, Annie, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Fullman, Nancy, Bintz, Corinne, Bienhoff, Kelly, Weaver, Marcia R, Nandakumar, Vishnu, Joffe, Jonah N, Legrand, Kate E, Knight, Megan, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdoli, Amir, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aji, Budi, Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, Alam, Khurshid, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Liaqat, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Anjum, Afifa, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariffin, Hany, Arulappan, Judie, Aryan, Zahra, Ashraf, Tahira, 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Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Pasupula, D, Pathak, P, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Pilania, M, Piroozi, B, Podder, V, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Prada, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radhakrishnan, R, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ripon, R, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahu, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shokri, A, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sousa, R, Stephens, J, Sun, J, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tamiru, A, Thankappan, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, N, Tripathy, J, Troeger, C, Uezono, D, Ullah, S, Ullah, A, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasic, M, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wiangkham, T, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yi, S, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Lim, S, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Kuwait University (Kuwait), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, University of Aberdeen (Reino Unido), Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungria), National Records of Scotland (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Scottish Government (Reino Unido), Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University (Bangladesh), Xiamen University Malaysia (Malasia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Ministero della Salute (Italia), Fondazione IRCCS. Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, King College London, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), Edwards Lifesciences Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (España), Government of Catalonia (España), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Pakistán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERSAM (Salud Mental), INCLIVA Health Research Institute (España), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Australian Government, and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Population ,Global Health ,Health Services Accessibility ,Global Burden of Disease ,Health system quality ,Young Adult ,Nations ,Health systems ,health care access ,Risk Factors ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,Humans ,Child ,Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ,Health-care access ,Aged ,Quality of Health Care ,quality ,performance ,The Healthcare Access and Quality Index ,Risk Factor ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,eu-repo/semantics/review [info] ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Health-care quality ,Middle Aged ,3141 Health care science ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Indicator ,Medical-care ,Child, Preschool ,Deaths ,Amenable mortality ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Age groups ,Trends ,Human - Abstract
Background: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9-21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9-24·7), working (17·2, 15·2-19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2-17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6-33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4-84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4-89·0), working (33·8-82·8), and post-working (30·4-79·1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation: Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. O Adetokunboh acknowledges support from Department of Science and Innovation and National Research Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the institutional support of King Edward Medical University. S Aljunid acknowledges Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu also acknowledges partial support by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. B Bikbov acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 703226. Institute of Applied Health Sciences; School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. The salary for N Ghith is covered by a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). V B Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. T Joo acknowledges support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary under grant RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 (Data-driven Health Division of Health Security National Laboratory). S Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Y J Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. G Lucchetti is a grantee of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Research Productivity - Level 1D. L Mantovani acknowledges support by Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente - IRCCS Multimedica. M Molokhia acknowledges support by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health on project Ricerca Corrente 34/2017 and payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. R Moreira acknowledges the CNPQ productivity grant (316607/2021-5). B R Nascimento is partially supported by CNPq (Research Productivity Grant, 312382/2019-7), the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation (Improving the prevention and detection of Heart Valve disease across the Lifespan, 2021), and FAPEMIG (grant APQ-000627-20). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India for their constant support in conducting research. D Rasella reports financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023 programme (CEX2018-000806-S), and financial support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya programme. U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. U Saeed would like to acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for supporting research activities. R T-S is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBERSAM, INCLIVA (PID2021-129099OB-I00). D Vervoort is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. S B Zaman acknowledges receiving a scholarship from the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) in support of his academic career. Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of The Republic of Serbia. This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504. Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. Sí
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- 2022
9. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Paulson, K. R., Kamath, A. M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G. G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S. M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adamu, A. L., Adebayo, O. M., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adeyinka, D. A., Adsuar, J. C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O. O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alumran, A. K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Ameyaw, E. K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. 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J., Nagaraju, S. P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Narasimha Swamy, S., Nascimento, B. R., Naveed, M., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Nena, E., Nepal, S., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T. Y., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nigatu, Y. T., Nigussie, S. N., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noor, N. M., Noubiap, J. J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nwatah, V. E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Ogbo, F. A., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Pal, P. K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Pangaribuan, H. U., Pardo-Montano, A. M., Park, E. -K., Patel, S. K., Patton, G. C., Pawar, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Perez-Gomez, J., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Pilgrim, T., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Platts-Mills, J. A., Pokhrel, K. N., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Prada, S. I., Prakash, S., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahmani, A. M., Ramezanzadeh, K., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rasella, D., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawasia, W. F., Rawassizadeh, R., Reiner, R. C., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S. M., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Ryan, P. M., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, S., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samodra, Y. L., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarker, A. R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, S., Saya, G. K., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M. P., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shahbaz, M., Shaheen, A. A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M. A., Shakiba, S., Shalash, A. S., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shiferaw, W. S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shuval, K., Siddiqi, T. J., Sidemo, N. B., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, J. P., Silverberg, J. I. S., Simonetti, B., Singh, B. B., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sinha, D. N., Skiadaresi, E., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Sleet, D. A., Sobaih, B. H., Sobhiyeh, M. R., Soltani, S., Soriano, J. B., Spurlock, E. E., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Steiropoulos, P., Stokes, M. A., Stortecky, S., Sufiyan, M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C. B., Sykes, B. L., Szeto, M. D., Szocska, M., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, E. G., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A. T., Tareque, M. I., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H., Tesfay, F. H., Tessema, G. A., Tessema, Z. T., Thankappan, K. R., Thapar, R., Tolani, M. A., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tripathy, J. P., Tsapparellas, G., Tsatsakis, A., Tudor Car, L., Uddin, R., Ullah, A., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Usman, M. S., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Verma, M., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vu, G. T., Wado, Y. D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -P., Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wilner, L. B., Wiysonge, C. S., Wu, A. -M., Wu, C., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yamagishi, K., Yandrapalli, S., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, Z., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yusuf, S. S., Zaidi, S. S., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhao, X. -J. G., Ziapour, A., Hay, S. I., Murray, C. J. L., Wang, H., Kassebaum, N. J., Clinicum, Neurologian yksikkö, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Paulson, K, Kamath, A, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, G, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Adsuar, J, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alumran, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Ameyaw, E, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, 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Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J, Chanie, W, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, D, Choi, J, Chu, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, V, Couto, R, Dachew, B, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, G, Das, J, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis, A, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, G, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Edinur, H, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, P, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Gaspar Fonseca, M, Gebremedhin, K, Getacher, L, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Grivna, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guimaraes, R, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasan, S, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inamdar, S, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, K, Iqbal, U, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, K, Jagnoor, J, Jain, V, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Jayaram, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Ji, J, John, O, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kemmer, L, Khalid, N, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khosravi, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lalloo, R, Lami, F, Landires, I, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, S, Liang, J, Lim, L, Limenih, M, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, A, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, M, Madhava Kunjathur, S, Magnani, F, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D, Maheri, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Maulik, P, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Medina-Solis, C, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Miri, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, M, Moore, C, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, S, Mosser, J, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Nena, E, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noor, N, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Pal, P, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pangaribuan, H, Pardo-Montano, A, Park, E, Patel, S, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Perez-Gomez, J, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Pilgrim, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Platts-Mills, J, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Prada, S, Prakash, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawasia, W, Rawassizadeh, R, Reiner, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Ryan, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, M, Salehi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Samodra, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, S, Saya, G, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, A, Shahid, I, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siddiqi, T, Sidemo, N, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, J, Silverberg, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, B, Singh, J, Singhal, D, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sleet, D, Sobaih, B, Sobhiyeh, M, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Steiropoulos, P, Stokes, M, Stortecky, S, Sufiyan, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sulo, G, Swope, C, Sykes, B, Szeto, M, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, E, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesfay, F, Tessema, G, Tessema, Z, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Tolani, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tripathy, J, Tsapparellas, G, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, C, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, M, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vu, G, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wilner, L, Wiysonge, C, Wu, A, Wu, C, Xie, Y, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, S, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, C, Wang, H, Kassebaum, N, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
- Subjects
Male ,Perinatal care ,Newborn care ,STILLBIRTHS ,RJ101 ,UNDER-5 MORTALITY ,Psychological intervention ,010501 environmental sciences ,Infant mortality ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,Cause of Death ,Infant Mortality ,Global health ,Life Tables ,Healthcare improvements ,030212 general & internal medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,Child ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Infant ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Sustainable Development ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Cause of death ,Life Table ,Mortality rate ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Hälsovetenskaper ,Mortality analyses ,3. Good health ,Child, Preschool ,SDG 1 - No Poverty ,Child Mortality ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Human ,Child mortality ,COUNTRIES ,DEATHS ,Infants -- Mortalitat ,GBD ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Life tables ,under-5 mortality rate ,General & Internal Medicine ,Health Sciences ,Neonatal deaths ,medicine ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Medicine [Science] ,Infants -- Salut ,Preschool ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Science & Technology ,Infants nadons -- Salut ,business.industry ,Infants nadons -- Mortalitat ,INFORM ,Infant, Newborn ,Neonatal and child health ,Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 ,GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators ,medicine.disease ,Newborn ,TRENDS ,Sustainable Development Goal ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Deaths ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,RG ,business ,Systematic Analysis ,Malaria ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. This article was supported by the European Research Council, ERC 848325. Alberto Ortiz was supported by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009). Daniela Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support from the European Union [FEDER funds through COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). Joan B Soriano acknowledges support from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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- 2021
10. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., 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Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
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Male ,very elderly ,Demographic transition ,HALE ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,preschool child ,Global Burden of Disease ,Carga Global de Enfermedades ,0302 clinical medicine ,newborn ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,and Risk Factors Study ,80 and over ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Birth Rate ,Child ,Migration ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Injuries ,Geography ,Mortality rate ,1. No poverty ,DEATH ,Censuses ,General Medicine ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities ,Middle Aged ,Demographic analysis ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,demographic analysis ,Estilo de Vida Saludable ,risk factor ,Child, Preschool ,Demography/statistics & numerical data ,Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population ,epidemiology ,Female ,A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified ,CHILD-MORTALITY ,Live Birth ,Global Health Metrics ,TRANSITION ,demographics ,GBD ,fertility ,mortality ,hale ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Total fertility rate ,Population ,Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study ,Birth rate ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Life Expectancy ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,General & Internal Medicine ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Demografía ,Humans ,Global Burden of Disease Study ,human ,Mortality ,education ,Preschool ,Aged ,Demography ,Spatial Analysis ,questionnaire ,Infant, Newborn ,Klinisk medicin ,HIV ,Infant ,Global Burden of Diseases ,sex-specific fertility ,Live Birth/epidemiology ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https] ,MODEL ,Fertilidad ,Fertility ,Demographic change ,Life expectancy ,NA ,global disease burden ,Clinical Medicine ,population research - Abstract
Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2020
11. Prediction of environmental degradation of closed adhesive joints using data from open-faced specimens
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Ameli, A., Datla, N.V., Azari, S., Papini, M., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2012
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12. Effects of hygrothermal aging on the fatigue behavior of two toughened epoxy adhesives
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Datla, N.V., Ameli, A., Azari, S., Papini, M., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2012
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13. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study
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Ferede T.Y., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B., Gebremichael B., Gesesew H.A., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guled R.A., Hall B.J., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Holla R., Hosgood H.D., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Irvani S.S.N., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Iyamu I.O., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jha R.P., Johnson K.B., Joshua V., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khazaei S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kochhar S., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kuupiel D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lal D.K., Lam J.O., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J.V., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P.H., Leshargie C.T., Li B., Liu X., Lopukhov P.D., Amin H.I.M., Madi D., Mahasha P.W., Majeed A., Maleki A., Maleki S., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Mayala B.K., Meharie B.G., Meheretu H.A.A., Meles H.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Mirica A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mokonnon T., Molokhia M., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Munro S.B., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naveed M., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Nepal S., Netsere H.B., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Nigussie S.N., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Ogbo F.A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Orisakwe O.E., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pana A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Patel U.K., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Pawar S., Peprah E.K., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pribadi D.R.A., Quazi Syed Z., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Ram P., Rana J., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S., Rao S.J., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Ross J.M., Rumisha S.F., Sagar R., Sahu M., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Sathian B., Schutte A.E., Seidu A.-A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Sidemo N.B., Singh J.A., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Tolani M.A., Topor-Madry R., Torrado M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tsai A.C., Tsegaye G.W., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Vardavas C., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Ward P., Werdecker A., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Wondmeneh T.G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Clinicum
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0301 basic medicine ,sub-Saharan Africa ,Male ,HIV Antibodie ,Epidemiology ,HIV incidences ,HIV Infections ,mortality rate ,HIV Antibodies ,Modelling study ,Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence ,0302 clinical medicine ,Africa, Northern ,RA0421 ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Medicine ,Northern ,HIV Infection ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,10. No inequality ,uncertainty ,Mozambique ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,HIV mortality ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,1. No poverty ,Hiv incidence ,article ,Mauritania ,Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient ,Articles ,tracking ,Middle Aged ,health care planning ,3. Good health ,Lesotho ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,QR180 ,A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified ,Female ,prenatal care ,anti human immunodeficiency virus agent ,seroepidemiology ,Human ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Immunology ,antiretroviral therapy ,Unit (housing) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,blood ,Human immunodeficiency virus infection ,Virology ,Seroprevalence ,Humans ,human ,Developing Countries ,Estimation ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Subnational mappings ,business.industry ,Seroepidemiologic Studie ,HIV ,Anti-HIV Agent ,PREVENTION ,030112 virology ,mortality ,monitoring ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus antibody ,Africa ,business ,HIV incidence ,Subnational mapping ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Local burden of disease ,Public health ,Demography - Abstract
Background. High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings. The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100 000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81·1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation. Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas. This work was primarily supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1132415). Additionally, O Adetokunboh acknowledges the support of the Department of Science and Innovation, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. M Ausloos, A Pana, and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania; project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. M J Bockarie is supported by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Portuguese national funds (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; UIDB/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/50006/2020/PT, UIDB/04378/2020, and UIDP/04378/2020. K Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. B-F Hwang was partially supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. M Jakovljevic acknowledges support of the Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development (grant OI 175 014). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia, (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). K Krishnan is supported by University Grants Commission Centre of Advanced Study, (CAS II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge National Institutes of Health and Fogarty International Cente (K43TW010716). I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama. W Mendoza is a program analyst in population and development at the UN Population Fund Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. M Phetole received institutional support from the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council. O Odukoya acknowledges support from the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health (K43TW010704). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health. O Oladimeji is grateful for the support from Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa, the University of Botswana, Botswana, and the University of Technology of Durban, Durban, South Africa. J R Padubidri acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India. G C Patton is supported by an Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council research fellowship. P Rathi acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal India. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the programme of Stimulus of Scientific Employment–Individual Support (info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT). A M Samy acknowledges the support of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Social Science Fund (SZ2020C015) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662). A Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. N Taveira acknowledges partial funding by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, and Aga Khan Development Network—Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (332821690), and by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (RIA2016MC-1615). C S Wiysonge is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y Zhang was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20201104) and Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control (OHIC2020Y01).
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- 2021
14. Crack path selection in the fracture of fresh and degraded epoxy adhesive joints
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Ameli, A., Azari, S., Papini, M., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2011
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15. Effect of adhesive thickness on fatigue and fracture of toughened epoxy joints – Part I: Experiments
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Azari, S., Papini, M., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2011
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16. Effect of adhesive thickness on fatigue and fracture of toughened epoxy joints – Part II: Analysis and finite element modeling
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Azari, S., Papini, M., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2011
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17. Surface Modification by Zwitterionic Amino Acid L-DOPA to Increase Fouling Resistance of Forward Osmosis Membranes
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Zou, L., primary, Nguyen, A., additional, and Azari, S., additional
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- 2015
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18. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
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Kinyoki D, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Pickering B, Schaeffer L, Marczak L, Lazzar-Atwood A, Collison M, Henry N, Abebe Z, Adamu A, Adekanmbi V, Ahmadi K, Ajumobi O, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Raddadi R, Alahdab F, Alijanzadeh M, Alipour V, Altirkawi K, Amini S, Andrei C, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila M, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Azari S, Badawi A, Barnighausen T, Bassat Q, Baye K, Bedi N, Bekele B, Bell M, Bhattacharjee N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bikbov B, Briko A, Britton G, Burstein R, Butt Z, Car J, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Cerin E, Chipeta M, Chu D, Cork M, Cromwell E, Cuevas-Nasu L, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daoud F, Das Gupta R, Weaver N, De Leo D, De Neve J, Deribe K, Desalegn B, Deshpande A, Desta M, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Doku D, Dubey M, Duraes A, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Earl L, Effiong A, Zaki M, El Tantawi M, El-Khatib Z, Eshrati B, Fareed M, Faro A, Fereshtehnejad S, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt N, Folayan M, Fukumoto T, Gebrehiwot T, Gezae K, Ghajar A, Gill P, Gona P, Gopalani S, Grada A, Guo Y, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall J, Hamidi S, Henok A, Prado B, Herrero M, Herteliu C, Hoang C, Hole M, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hu G, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Jha R, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Kahsay A, Kanchan T, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Khader Y, Khan E, Khater M, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kochhar S, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Lad S, Lami F, Lee P, Levine A, Li S, Linn S, Lodha R, Abd El Razek H, Abd El Razek M, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mansournia M, Martins-Melo F, Masaka A, Massenburg B, Mayala B, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Melku M, Mendoza W, Mensah G, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Darwesh A, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Moodley Y, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morrison S, Mosser J, Mousavi S, Mueller U, Murray C, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Naghavi M, Najafi F, Nangia V, Ndwandwe D, Negoi I, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen H, Nguyen L, Nguyen S, Nie J, Nnaji C, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ortiz-Panozo E, Otstavnov S, Mahesh P, Pana A, Pandey A, Pati S, Patil S, Patton G, Perico N, Pigott D, Pirsaheb M, Piwoz E, Postma M, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Quintana H, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rai R, Rajati F, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawat R, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Rios-Gonzalez C, Roever L, Ross J, Rostami A, Sadat N, Safari Y, Safdarian M, Sahebkar A, Salam N, Salamati P, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Samy A, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Schipp M, Schwebel D, Senbeta A, Sepanlou S, Shaikh M, Levy T, Shamsi M, Sharafi K, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shil A, Silva D, Singh J, Sinha D, Soofi M, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadesse B, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Tessema Z, Thorne-Lyman A, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Ullah I, Uthman O, Vaezghasemi M, Vaezi A, Valdez P, Vanderheide J, Veisani Y, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vu G, Vu L, Waheed Y, Walson J, Wang Y, Wangia E, Werdecker A, Xu G, Yamada T, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zhang Y, Kassebaum N, Hay S, Local Burden Dis Child Growth Fail, Public Health, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Kinyoki, Damaris K, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E, Pickering, Brandon V, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Yisma, Engida, Hay, Simon I, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators, Kinyoki D.K., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Pickering B.V., Schaeffer L.E., Marczak L.B., Lazzar-Atwood A., Collison M.L., Henry N.J., Abebe Z., Adamu A.A., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Ajumobi O., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alahdab F., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amini S., Andrei C.L., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Barnighausen T.W., Bassat Q., Baye K., Bedi N., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bikbov B., Briko A.N., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Car J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chipeta M.G., Chu D.-T., Cork M.A., Cromwell E.A., Cuevas-Nasu L., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daoud F., Gupta R.D., Weaver N.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Fareed M., Faro A., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fukumoto T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Gill P.S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall J.B., Hamidi S., Henok A., Prado B.H., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kahsay A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kochhar S., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Lodha R., El Razek H.M.A., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Mueller U.O., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Naghavi M., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen L.H., Nguyen S.H., Nie J., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov S.S., P. A M., Pana A., Pandey A., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Piwoz E.G., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Quintana H., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawat R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ross J.M., Rostami A., Sadat N., Safari Y., Safdarian M., Sahebkar A., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shamsi M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shil A., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Soofi M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema Z.T., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Vaezghasemi M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Vanderheide J., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Vu L.G., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangia E.N., Werdecker A., Xu G., Yamada T., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zhang Y., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
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Time Factors ,Developmental Disabilities ,Psychological intervention ,Distribution (economics) ,0302 clinical medicine ,risk factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Signs and symptoms ,Wasting ,Children ,Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,Under-five ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry ,3. Good health ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Geography ,Child, Preschool ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,HEALTH ,Underweight ,medicine.symptom ,social sciences ,Infants ,AFRICA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Science & Technology ,RJ ,Developing country ,Nutritional Status ,World Health Organization ,Child Nutrition Disorders ,Article ,Social sciences ,Malnutrició ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Mortalitat ,Humans ,Mortality ,Developing Countries ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Public health ,MORTALITY ,Body Weight ,Malnutrition ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Child growth failure ,medicine.disease ,signs and symptoms ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Risk factors ,WEIGHT ,business ,RA ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications., High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.
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- 2020
19. Cesaren section in maternity hospitals in Tehran, Iran
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Shariat M, Majlesi F, Azari S, and Mahmoodi M
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cesaren section ,elective cesarean ,cesarean section indications ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective(s): To assess the cesarean rate and related factors in maternity hospitals in Tehran. Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from 824 pregnant women via a two• step random sampling. A standardised form was completed for each mother, collecting past and present obstetric history and demographic characteristics. Results: 66.5% of mothers delivered by cesarean section & 33.5% vaginaly. 72% of cesareans were elective. Of these 22% were done because of maternal request and 71 % of mothers who requested cesarean had no logic reason for their request. Also 65% of doctors suggested cesaran for their patients without any true medical indications. The majority of cesarean sections were performed in private hospitals (84% in private vs. 47% in public hospitals (P
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- 2002
20. The effects of Methyltestosterone in surgically menopausal women using hormone replacement therapy
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Safdarian L and Azari S
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Surgical menopause ,Androgen ,Estrogen ,Lipids ,Menopausal symptoms ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In a double blind, parallel-group, clinical trial we compared the effects of conjugated estrogen with estrogen plus methyltestosterone in surgically menopausal women. In this study, 251 women were randomly assigned to one of the two regimens: 1-conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day +placebo. 2-conjungated estrogen 0.625 mg/day+methyltestosterone 1.25 mg/day (E+A group). Study parameters were psychologic, urinary and sexual symptoms, lipid profile,liver function test (LFT) and side effects. Significantly greater improvement in psychologic, urinary and sexual symptoms was observed in the E+A group .(P
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- 2002
21. Fracture load predictions and measurements for highly toughened epoxy adhesive joints
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Azari, S., Eskandarian, M., Papini, M., Schroeder, J.A., and Spelt, J.K.
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
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Sbarra, AN, Rolfe, S, Nguyen, JQ, Earl, L, Galles, NC, Marks, A, Abbas, KM, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abegaz, KH, Abiy, HAA, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Adabi, M, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, R, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemnew, BT, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipoor, R, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, B, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Aryal, KK, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asgari, S, Atafar, Z, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Bahrami, MA, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barac, A, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, AG, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayou, YT, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bell, ML, Berbada, DA, Berhe, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birhanu, M, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, A, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Borzouei, S, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castro, F, Chattu, VK, Chehrazi, M, Chin, KL, Chu, D-T, Cook, AJ, Cormier, NM, Cunningham, B, Dahlawi, SMA, Damiani, G, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Danovaro, MC, Dansereau, E, Daoud, F, Darwesh, AM, Darwish, AH, Das, JK, Weaver, ND, De Neve, J-W, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Desta, DM, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Dipeolu, IO, Djalalinia, S, Do, HT, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Dunachie, SJ, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Leylabadlo, HE, Edinur, HA, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El, Sayed, I, El, Sayed, Zaki, M, Elema, TB, Elhabashy, HR, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, MH, Enany, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etisso, AE, Farahmand, M, Faraon, EJA, Fareed, M, Faridnia, R, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fazlzadeh, M, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrehiwot, AM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebreslassie, AA, Gedefaw, GA, Gezae, KE, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, R, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghajarzadeh, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Girmay, A, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, BNG, Grada, A, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Haririan, H, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, MM, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Hollerich, GI, Rad, EH, Hoogar, P, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hu, G, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Ibitoye, SE, Ikilezi, G, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imani-Nasab, MH, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Iwu, CJ, Iwu, CCD, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Javidnia, J, Jenabi, E, Jha, V, Ji, JS, John, O, Johnson, KB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kabir, Z, Kabir, A, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamal, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, MUG, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, SD, Lal, DK, Lam, F, Lami, FH, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Lenjebo, TL, Li, S, Liang, X, Liu, PY, Lopukhov, PD, Machado, DB, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Maheri, M, Mahotra, NB, Maled, V, Maleki, S, Malik, MA, Malta, DC, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Mayala, BK, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Mehta, KM, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MB, Mengesha, EW, Mestrovic, T, Mihretie, KM, Miller-Petrie, MK, Mills, EJ, Milne, GJ, Mirabi, P, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, HR, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, DK, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, KA, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, AS, Mohammed, H, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosavi, MA, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosapour, A, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, SM, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muluneh, AG, Munro, SB, Murray, CJL, Murthy, GVS, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Nangia, V, Nansseu, JR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, HLT, Nguyen, CTK, Nguyen, TH, Nigatu, YT, Nikbakhsh, R, Nikfar, S, Nikpoor, AR, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, JO, Olusanya, BO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Osgood-Zimmerman, AE, Owolabi, MO, P, A, M, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pando-Robles, V, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, DK, Paternina-Caicedo, AJ, Patton, GC, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pepito, VCF, Pescarini, JM, Pigott, DM, Pilgrim, T, Pirsaheb, M, Poljak, M, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourmirza, Kalhori, R, Prada, SI, Prakash, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Quintana, H, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rajati, F, Rameto, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rawat, R, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Reta, MA, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Ribeiro, AI, Rickard, J, Rios-Blancas, M, Rios-González, CM, Roever, L, Rostamian, M, Rubino, S, Rwegerera, GM, Saad, AM, Saadatagah, S, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Saeidi, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salahshoor, MR, Salam, N, Salem, H, Salem, MR, Salomon, JA, Kafil, HS, Sambala, EZ, Samy, AM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Saroshe, S, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Schaeffer, LE, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, MB, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, K, Sharifi, H, Sheikh, A, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shetty, RS, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shirkoohi, R, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silverberg, JIS, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Sinke, AH, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Spotin, A, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Suleria, HAR, Abdulkader, RS, Taherkhani, A, Tapak, L, Taveira, N, Taymoori, P, Tefera, YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Teklehaimanot, BF, Tekulu, GH, Tesfay, BE, Tessema, ZT, Tessema, B, Thankappan, KR, Tohidinik, HR, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, MS, Vaezi, M, Valadan, Tahbaz, S, Valdez, PR, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Vollmer, S, Waheed, Y, Wakefield, J, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Weldesamuel, GT, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, KE, Wiysonge, CS, Woldu, G, Wondafrash, DZ, Wonde, TE, Wu, A-M, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yousefifard, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zadey, S, Zahirian, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zarei, F, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhou, M, Ziapour, A, Hay, SI, Lim, SS, Mosser, JF, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, Department of Oncology, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Rolfe, Sam, Nguyen, Jason Q., Earl, Lucas, Ahmed, MB, Mosser, Jonathan F, Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Universiti Sains Malaysia (Malasia), Panjab University (India), NIHR - Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (Reino Unido), Australian Research Council, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Local Burden Dis Educ Attainment C, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborator, and Violante FS
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and promotion of well-being ,Vacunación Masiva ,Internationality ,Disease prevention ,children under 5 years old ,Geographic Mapping ,Rural Health ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cross-reactivity ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,Vaccination Refusal ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,immunity patterns ,Pediatric ,0303 health sciences ,Public health ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Vaccination ,Uncertainty ,IMMUNIZATION ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,COVERAGE ,3. Good health ,TIME ,3.4 Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,Infectious diseases ,A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified ,Antibody ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,AFRICA ,General Science & Technology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,COVID-19 ,610 Medicine & health ,Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) ,Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators ,Article ,Vaccine Related ,03 medical and health sciences ,measles vaccine ,Measels ,Low- and middle-income countries ,Local burden of disease ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,Humans ,Healthcare Disparities ,Preschool ,PROGRESS ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,Developed Countries ,Prevention ,Comment ,Vacunación ,Urban Health ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,Virology ,Coronavirus ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cobertura de Vacunación ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,business ,Measles - Abstract
The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children., Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.
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- 2021
23. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
- Author
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Micah A, Cogswell I, Cunningham B, Ezoe S, Harle A, Maddison E, McCracken D, Nomura S, Simpson K, Stutzman H, Tsakalos G, Wallace L, Zhao Y, Zende R, Abbafati C, Abdelmasseh M, Abedi A, Abegaz K, Abhilash E, Abolhassani H, Abrigo M, Adhikari T, Afzal S, Ahinkorah B, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed M, Rashid T, Ajami M, Aji B, Akalu Y, Akunna C, Al Hamad H, Alam K, Alanezi F, Alanzi T, Alemayehu Y, Alhassan R, Alinia C, Aljunid S, Almustanyir S, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei C, Andrei T, Angell B, Anjomshoa M, Antonio C, Antony C, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aripov T, Arrigo A, Ashraf T, Atnafu D, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awan A, Ayano G, Ayanore M, Azari S, Azhar G, Babalola T, Bahrami M, Baig A, Banach M, Barati N, Barnighausen T, Barrow A, Basu S, Baune B, Bayati M, Benzian H, Berman A, Bhagavathula A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bibi S, Bijani A, Bodolica V, Bragazzi N, Braithwaite D, Breitborde N, Breusov A, Briko N, Busse R, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Callander E, Camera L, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Catala-Lopez F, Charan J, Chatterjee S, Chattu S, Chattu V, Chen S, Cicero A, Dadras O, Dahlawi S, Dai X, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davitoiu D, De Neve J, de Sa A, Denova-Gutierrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dharmaratne S, Doshmangir L, Dube J, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Zaki M, El Tantawi M, Eskandarieh S, Farzadfar F, Ferede T, Fischer F, Foigt N, Freitas A, Friedman S, Fukumoto T, Fullman N, Gaal P, Gad M, Garcia-Gordillo M, Garg T, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghozali G, Gilani S, Glavan I, Glushkova E, Goharinezhad S, Golechha M, Goli S, Guha A, Gupta V, Haakenstad A, Haider M, Hailu A, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Harapan H, Hartono R, Hasaballah A, Hassan S, Hassanein M, Hayat K, Hegazy M, Heidari G, Hendrie D, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Huda T, Hwang B, Iavicoli I, Idrisov B, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Ismail N, Isola G, Jahani M, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Janodia M, Javaheri T, Jayapal S, Jayawardena R, Jazayeri S, Jha R, Jonas J, Joo T, Joukar F, Jurisson M, Kaambwa B, Kalhor R, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Matin B, Karimi S, Kassahun G, Kayode G, Karyani A, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Khader Y, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan J, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim G, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kohler S, Kosen S, Koteeswaran R, Laxminarayana S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kumar G, Kusuma D, Lamnisos D, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Le L, Lee S, Lee Y, Lim S, Lobo S, Lozano R, Abd El Razek H, Abd El Razek M, Mahdavi M, Majeed A, Makki A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manda A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia M, Arnedo C, Martinez-Valle A, Masoumi S, Maude R, Mckee M, Medina-Solis C, Menezes R, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mesregah M, Mestrovic T, Kostova N, Miller T, Mini G, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Mohajer B, Mohamed T, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moitra M, Mokdad A, Molokhia M, Moni M, Moradi Y, Morze J, Mousavi S, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Muriithi M, Muthupandian S, Nagarajan A, Naimzada M, Nangia V, Naqvi A, Narayana A, Nascimento B, Naveed M, Nayak B, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Kandel S, Nguyen T, Nonvignon J, Noubiap J, Nwatah V, Oancea B, Ojelabi F, Olagunju A, Olakunde B, Olgiati S, Olusanya J, Onwujekwe O, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Owolabi M, Padubidri J, Palladino R, Panda-Jonas S, Park E, Kan F, Pawar S, Toroudi H, Pereira D, Perianayagam A, Pesudovs K, Piccinelli C, Postma M, Prada S, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahmani A, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Ranasinghe P, Rao C, Rathi P, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Reiner R, Renzaho A, Reshmi B, Riaz M, Ripon R, Saad A, Sahraian M, Sahu M, Salama J, Salehi S, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Santos J, Santric-Milicevic M, Sathian B, Savic M, Saxena D, Sayyah M, Schwendicke F, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou S, Seylani A, Shahabi S, Shaikh M, Sheikh A, Shetty A, Shetty P, Shibuya K, Shrime M, Shuja K, Singh J, Skryabin V, Skryabina A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Spurlock E, Stefan S, Szerencses V, Szocska M, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Taddele B, Tefera Y, Thavamani A, Tobe-Gai R, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Car L, Ullah A, Ullah S, Umar N, Undurraga E, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Villafane J, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollmer S, Vos T, Vu G, Vu L, Wamai R, Werdecker A, Woldekidan M, Wubishet B, Xu G, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yigit V, Yip P, Yirdaw B, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yu C, Yunusa I, Moghadam T, Zandian H, Zastrozhin M, Zastrozhina A, Zhang Z, Ziapour A, Zuniga Y, Hay S, Murray C, Dieleman J, and Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing
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Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2021
24. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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James, SL, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Liu, Z, S Roberts, NL, Sylte, DO, Henry, NJ, LeGrand, KE, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, AE, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, MB, Eddine Aichour, MT, Alahdab, F, Alamene, GM, Alanezi, FM, Alebel, A, Alema, NM, Alghnam, SA, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, BA, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, YS, Amini, S, Loreche Amit, AM, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, CA, Yaw Appiah, SC, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Asghari, B, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barrero, LH, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Baye, BA, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Belete, H, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, AG, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Borges, G, Borzì, AM, Boufous, S, Brazinova, A, Briko, NI, Budhathoki, SS, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chanie, WF, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, DY, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Chu, D-T, Colquhoun, SM, Constantin, M-M, Costa, VM, Damiani, G, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Demsie, DG, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, MD, da Silva, DD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Doyle, KE, Driscoll, TR, Dubljanin, E, Adema, BD, Eagan, AW, Eftekhari, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Sayed Zaki, ME, Elemineh, DA, El-Jaafary, SI, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, CL, Emamian, MH, Endalew, DA, Eskandarieh, S, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatahi, Y, Fekadu, W, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, GT, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebre, AK, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, GA, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, TK, Goulart, AC, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Mohialdeen Gubari, MI, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Haro, JM, Hasan, MM, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Híjar, M, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, I, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Indriasih, E, Naghibi Irvani, SS, Shariful Islam, SM, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahani, MA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jha, RP, John-Akinola, YO, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jungari, SB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamil, TA, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, HG, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, HK, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, AG, Kelkay, B, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khalid, N, Khalil, IA, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, M, Khanna, T, Khazaie, H, Shadmani, FK, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, Y-E, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Komaki, H, M Kondlahalli, SK, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, G Kraemer, MU, Krishan, K, Bicer, BK, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumaresh, G, Kurmi, OP, Kuti, O, Vecchia, CL, Lami, FH, Lamichhane, P, Lang, JJ, Lansingh, VC, Laryea, DO, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Leasher, JL, Huey Lee, SW, Lenjebo, TL, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Madadin, M, El Razek, MMA, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malagon-Rojas, JN, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A-L, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Maravilla, JC, March, LM, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Maulik, PK, Meles, GG, Melese, A, Melketsedik, ZA, N Memiah, PT, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MB, Mengesha, MM, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Merie, HE, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, KA, Darwesh, AM, Gholi Mezerji, NM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, JA, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Velásquez, IM, Morisaki, N, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Muluneh, AG, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, AF, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Thi Nguyen, HL, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, DN, Nnaji, CA, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Okunga, EW, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Asante, KO, Orpana, HM, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, A, MP, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paulos, K, Peden, AE, Filipino Pepito, VC, Pereira, J, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Polibin, RV, Polinder, S, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, DR, Puri, P, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MA, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Ranganathan, K, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, N Renzaho, AM, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Rickard, J, Rios González, CM, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Sabde, YD, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Safari-Faramani, R, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Sajadi, SM, Salamati, P, Salehi, F, Zahabi, SS, Rashad Salem, MR, Salem, H, Salman, O, Salz, I, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Riera, LS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Sarker, AR, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sawyer, SM, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharifi, H, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, PK, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Smarandache, C-G, R Smith, EU, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltanian, AR, Soriano, JB, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, MB, Rasul Suleria, HA, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, DB, Tamiru, AT, Tarigan, IU, Tefera, YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekle, MG, Tekulu, GH, Tesema, AK, Tesfay, BE, Thapar, R, Tilahune, AB, Tlaye, KG, Tohidinik, HR, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Tran, KB, Tripathy, JP, Tsai, AC, Car, LT, Ullah, S, Ullah, I, Umar, M, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Weldesamuel, GT, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wolde, HF, Woldeyes, DH, Wondafrash, DZ, Wondmeneh, TG, Wondmieneh, AB, Wu, A-M, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Youm, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, Y, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, A, Zare, F, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Degenhardt, L, Dharmaratne, SD, Hay, SI, Mokdad, AH, Reiner, RC, Sartorius, B, and Vos, T
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Life Expectancy ,Incidence ,burden of disease, descriptive epidemiology, global ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Public Health ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Morbidity ,Global Health ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology ,Global Burden of Disease - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.; METHODS: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).; FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100000. In 1990, there were 354064302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338174876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).; INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
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- 2020
25. The hepatitis C virus in Iran: Health policy, historical, ethical issues and future challenges
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BEHZADIFAR, M., AZARI, S., GORJI, H.A., MARTINI, M., and BRAGAZZI, N.L.
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Adult ,Male ,Ethical features ,Hepatitis C virus ,Policy analysis ,Policy triangle framework ,Stigma ,Health Policy ,Social Stigma ,Review ,Hepacivirus ,Iran ,Middle Aged ,Morals ,Hepatitis C ,Government Agencies ,Stakeholder Participation ,Humans ,Female ,Disease Eradication ,Policy Making ,Attitude to Health ,Qualitative Research - Abstract
Summary Background Hepatitis C infection (HCV) can have a harmful effect on the health of people and can impose relevant healthcare costs. The World Health Organization has identified the elimination of Hepatitis C by 2030 as an important goal for all countries. This study aimed to identify the HCV-related policies in Iran. Methods A qualitative approach was used for this study. Data was collected through a comprehensive search of documents and interviews with different stakeholders related to the HCV program. Data was analyzed and validated using content analysis based on the policy triangle framework. Results Our findings highlighted that certain social and cultural issues related to stigma can impact on awareness-raising processes. It is also necessary to consider HCV directly in the context of government policies. All relevant stakeholders should be included. Continued talks and interactions need to be made between them for the active participation of all actors. Conclusion The findings of this study can provide useful information for improving, supporting and developing policy processes. Healthcare providers should address all aspects of the disease by 2030 in order to achieve the goal of HCV elimination. Evidence-based planning, support for up-to-date policies and resource mobilization are needed to achieve this ambitious goal.
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- 2020
26. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the global burden of disease study 2017
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James, S.L. Castle, C.D. Dingels, Z.V. Fox, J.T. Hamilton, E.B. Liu, Z. Roberts, N.L.S. Sylte, D.O. Henry, N.J. LeGrand, K.E. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abedi, A. Abosetugn, A.E. Abushouk, A.I. Adebayo, O.M. Agudelo-Botero, M. Ahmad, T. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, M.T.E. Alahdab, F. Alamene, G.M. Alanezi, F.M. Alebel, A. Alema, N.M. Alghnam, S.A. Al-Hajj, S. Ali, B.A. Ali, S. Alikhani, M. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Almasri, N.A. Altirkawi, K. Amer, Y.S.A. Amini, S. Amit, A.M.L. Andrei, C.L. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Antonio, C.A.T. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arabloo, J. Arab-Zozani, M. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Ariani, F. Arora, A. Asaad, M. Asghari, B. Awoke, N. Quintanilla, B.P.A. Ayano, G. Ayanore, M.A. Azari, S. Azarian, G. Badawi, A. Badiye, A.D. Bagli, E. Baig, A.A. Bairwa, M. Bakhtiari, A. Balachandran, A. Banach, M. Banerjee, S.K. Banik, P.C. Banstola, A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Barrero, L.H. Barzegar, A. Bayati, M. Baye, B.A. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Bekuma, T.T. Belete, H. Benjet, C. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berhe, K. Bhardwaj, P. Bhat, A.G. Bhattacharyya, K. Bibi, S. Bijani, A. Sayeed, M.S.B. Borges, G. Borzì, A.M. Boufous, S. Brazinova, A. Briko, N.I. Budhathoki, S.S. Car, J. Cárdenas, R. Carvalho, F. Castaldelli-Maia, J.M. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castelpietra, G. Catalá-López, F. Cerin, E. Chandan, J.S. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, S.K. Chattu, V.K. Chatziralli, I. Chaudhary, N. Cho, D.Y. Chowdhury, M.A.K. Chu, D.-T. Colquhoun, S.M. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Damiani, G. Daryani, A. Dávila-Cervantes, C.A. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demoz, G.T. Demsie, D.G. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K. Desai, R. Nasab, M.D. Dias da Silva, D. Forooshani, Z.S.D. Doyle, K.E. Driscoll, T.R. Dubljanin, E. Adema, B.D. Eagan, A.W. Eftekhari, A. Ehsani-Chimeh, E. El Sayed Zaki, M. Elemineh, D.A. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Ellingsen, C.L. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Eskandarieh, S. Faris, P.S. Faro, A. Farzadfar, F. Fatahi, Y. Fekadu, W. Ferede, T.Y. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Ferrara, P. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Folayan, M.O. Foroutan, M. Francis, J.M. Franklin, R.C. Fukumoto, T. Geberemariyam, B.S. Gebre, A.K. Gebremedhin, K.B. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gebremichael, B. Gedefaw, G.A. Geta, B. Ghafourifard, M. Ghamari, F. Ghashghaee, A. Gholamian, A. Gill, T.K. Goulart, A.C. Grada, A. Grivna, M. Gubari, M.I.M. Guimarães, R.A. Guo, Y. Gupta, G. Haagsma, J.A. Hafezi-Nejad, N. Bidgoli, H.H. Hall, B.J. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Haro, J.M. Hasan, M.M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassanipour, S. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hayat, K. Hendrie, D. Heydarpour, F. Híjar, M. Ho, H.C. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Holla, R. Hossain, N. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, S. Hu, G. Ibitoye, S.E. Ilesanmi, O.S. Ilic, I. Ilic, M.D. Inbaraj, L.R. Indriasih, E. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, S.M.S. Mofizul Islam, M. Ivers, R.Q. Jacobsen, K.H. Jahani, M.A. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. Jalilian, F. Jayaraman, S. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jha, R.P. John-Akinola, Y.O. Jonas, J.B. Joseph, N. Joukar, F. Jozwiak, J.J. Jungari, S.B. Jürisson, M. Kabir, A. Kadel, R. Kahsay, A. Kalankesh, L.R. Kalhor, R. Kamil, T.A. Kanchan, T. Kapoor, N. Karami, M. Kasaeian, A. Kassaye, H.G. Kavetskyy, T. Kebede, H.K. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Kelkay, B. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalid, N. Khalil, I.A. Khalilov, R. Khammarnia, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, M. Khanna, T. Khazaie, H. Shadmani, F.K. Khundkar, R. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Komaki, H. Kondlahalli, S.K.M. Korshunov, V.A. Koyanagi, A. Kraemer, M.U.G. Krishan, K. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, V. Kumar, N. Anil Kumar, G. Kumar, M. Kumaresh, G. Kurmi, O.P. Kuti, O. Vecchia, C.L. Lami, F.H. Lamichhane, P. Lang, J.J. Lansingh, V.C. Laryea, D.O. Lasrado, S. Latifi, A. Lauriola, P. Leasher, J.L. Lee, S.W.H. Lenjebo, T.L. Levi, M. Li, S. Linn, S. Liu, X. Lopez, A.D. Lotufo, P.A. Lunevicius, R. Lyons, R.A. Madadin, M. El Razek, M.M.A. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majeed, A. Malagon-Rojas, J.N. Maled, V. Malekzadeh, R. Malta, D.C. Manafi, N. Manafi, A. Manda, A.-L. Manjunatha, N. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Mansouri, B. Mansournia, M.A. Maravilla, J.C. March, L.M. Mason-Jones, A.J. Masoumi, S.Z. Massenburg, B.B. Maulik, P.K. Meles, G.G. Melese, A. Melketsedik, Z.A. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Mengesha, M.B. Mengesha, M.M. Meretoja, T.J. Meretoja, A. Merie, H.E. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirica, A. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M. Mithra, P. Moazen, B. Moghadaszadeh, M. Mohamadi, E. Mohammad, Y. Mohammad, K.A. Darwesh, A.M. Mezerji, N.M.G. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohebi, F. Molokhia, M. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradpour, F. Morawska, L. Velásquez, I.M. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mossie, T.B. Muluneh, A.G. Murthy, S. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Nabhan, A.F. Nagarajan, A.J. Naik, G. Naimzada, M.D. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Nascimento, B.R. Naserbakht, M. Nayak, V. Ndwandwe, D.E. Negoi, I. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nikbakhsh, R. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nnaji, C.A. Nyasulu, P.S. Ogbo, F.A. Oghenetega, O.B. Oh, I.-H. Okunga, E.W. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Bali, A.O. Onwujekwe, O.E. Asante, K.O. Orpana, H.M. Ota, E. Otstavnov, N. Otstavnov, S.S. Mahesh, P.A. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakshir, K. Panda-Jonas, S. Park, E.-K. Patel, S.K. Pathak, A. Pati, S. Patton, G.C. Paulos, K. Peden, A.E. Pepito, V.C.F. Pereira, J. Pham, H.Q. Phillips, M.R. Pinheiro, M. Polibin, R.V. Polinder, S. Poustchi, H. Prakash, S. Pribadi, D.R.A. Puri, P. Syed, Z.Q. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiee, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, S. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M.A. Rajabpour-Sanati, A. Rajati, F. Rakovac, I. Ranganathan, K. Rao, S.J. Rashedi, V. Rastogi, P. Rathi, P. Rawaf, S. Rawal, L. Rawassizadeh, R. Renjith, V. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Rickard, J. González, C.M.R. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Saad, A.M. Sabde, Y.D. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safari, S. Safari-Faramani, R. Safarpour, H. Safdarian, M. Mohammad Sajadi, S. Salamati, P. Salehi, F. Zahabi, S.S. Rashad Salem, M.R. Salem, H. Salman, O. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Riera, L.S. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sarker, A.R. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Sawhney, M. Sawyer, S.M. Saxena, S. Sayyah, M. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Senthilkumaran, S. Sepanlou, S.G. Seyedmousavi, S. Sha, F. Shaahmadi, F. Shahabi, S. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sharifi, H. Sheikh, A. Shigematsu, M. Shin, J.I. Shiri, R. Siabani, S. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Singh, P.K. Singh, J.A. Sinha, D.N. Smarandache, C.-G. Smith, E.U.R. Soheili, A. Soleymani, B. Soltanian, A.R. Soriano, J.B. Sorrie, M.B. Soyiri, I.N. Stein, D.J. Stokes, M.A. Mu'awiyyah, B.S. Suleria, H.A.R. Sykes, B.L. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabb, K.M. Taddele, B.W. Tadesse, D.B. Tamiru, A.T. Tarigan, I.U. Tefera, Y.M. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tekle, M.G. Tekulu, G.H. Tesema, A.K. Tesfay, B.E. Thapar, R. Tilahune, A.B. Tlaye, K.G. Tohidinik, H.R. Topor-Madry, R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tripathy, J.P. Tsai, A.C. Car, L.T. Ullah, S. Ullah, I. Umar, M. Unnikrishnan, B. Upadhyay, E. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Waheed, Y. Weldesamuel, G.T. Werdecker, A. Wiangkham, T. Wolde, H.F. Woldeyes, D.H. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wondmeneh, T.G. Wondmieneh, A.B. Wu, A.-M. Yadav, R. Yadollahpour, A. Yano, Y. Yaya, S. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Youm, Y. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, Z. Yu, Y. Yu, C. Yusefzadeh, H. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zamanian, M. Zandian, H. Zarei, A. Zare, F. Zhang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y. Zodpey, S. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Degenhardt, L. Dharmaratne, S.D. Hay, S.I. Mokdad, A.H. Reiner, R.C., Jr. Sartorius, B. Vos, T.
- Abstract
Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
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- 2020
27. 7. Heavy-Handed Policing: Teaching Law and Practice to LLB Students in South Africa
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
28. List of Figures and Tables
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
29. Abbreviations and Acronyms
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
30. Index
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
31. Contributors
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
32. Afterword
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
33. Part III: Contested Histories and Ethical Spaces
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
34. 10. The Ethic of Reconciliation and a New Curriculum
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
35. 8. African Studies at UCT: An Interview with Lungisile Ntsebeza
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
36. 9. The African Gender Institute: A Journey of Placemaking
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
37. 6. The Shards Haven't Settled: Contesting Hierarchies of (Teaching) History
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
38. 5. Decolonising Psychology in Africa: The Curriculum as Weapon
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
39. Part II: Justice, Curriculum and the Classroom
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
40. 3. Imagining Southern Cities: Experiments in an Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Space
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
41. Epigraph, Title Page, Copyright
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
42. 4. Invoking Names: Finding Black Women's Lost Narratives in the Classroom
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
43. Introduction: Epistemic Justice and the University of Cape Town: Thinking Across Disciplines
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
44. 1. Ukuhamba Ukubona/Travelling to Know: Mobility as Counter-Curriculum Across Africa
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
45. 2. Publics, Politics, Place and Pedagogy in Urban Studies
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
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- 2023
46. Part I: Aesthetics, Politics and Languages
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Sitas, Rike, Sitas, Ari, Ramaru, Kealeboga, Omar, Jameelah, Ntsebeza, Lungisile, Masola, Athambile, Makhubu, Nomusa, Kessi, Shose, Govender, Kerusha, Cooper, Hal, Benson, Koni, Azari, Sepideh, Daya, Shari, Chaturvedi, Ruchi, and Pande, Amrita
- Published
- 2023
47. The evaluation of D&C cases in Mirza Kouchek Khan (women) Hospital within the first six months of 1368 (1989)
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Azari S, Ghafari V, and Ahmadi A
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
This study has been conducted on the path reports of diagnostic curettage carried out in Mirza koochek-khan hospital during the 6 months of the year 1989 (April to September). The reports examined have been further classified into incompelete abortion, diagnostic currettage and others. A total number of 645 women have had D&C according to the above criteria. In this period of time, incomplete abortion had the highest rate (34% of all D&C's), of which 62.5% were under 20 years of age and 22.6% were primigravida. The ratio of total abortion to the number of deliveries was 9.8% and post-delivery retention of placenta constituted 4.8% of all D&C's, with the highest rate amongst the age group of 15-19 years old, who mostly had home deliveries. The incidence of hydatidiform mole was 3.07 per 1000 deliveries, out of this number, the highest rate (50%) belonged to the age group of 20-24 years old. The above incidence is 6.4 times more than the U.S. incidence and 0.9 times less than the incidence reported in other Asian countries (6, 8, 10). Knowing the complication of unplanned abortion such as perforation of the uterus, infection, hemorrhage, adhesions (synechiae) and secondary sterility, special attention should be paid to the diagnosis of high-risk pregnancies in prenatal clinics.
- Published
- 1993
48. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017
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Frank, T.D. Carter, A. Jahagirdar, D. Biehl, M.H. Douwes-Schultz, D. Larson, S.L. Arora, M. Dwyer-Lindgren, L. Steuben, K.M. Abbastabar, H. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abyu, D.M. Adabi, M. Adebayo, O.M. Adekanmbi, V. Adetokunboh, O.O. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, K. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akal, C.G. Alahdab, F. Alam, N. Albertson, S.B. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alipour, V. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, S. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Anjomshoa, M. Antonio, C.A.T. Arabloo, J. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Asmelash, D. Asrat, A.A. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayanore, M.A. Azari, S. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Banach, M. Barac, A. Bärnighausen, T.W. Basu, S. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, S.A. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M.M. Berhane, A. Bhat, A.G. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, M. Bitew, H. Blinov, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Burugina Nagaraja, S.B.N. Butt, Z.A. Cahuana-Hurtado, L. Campuzano Rincon, J.C. Carvalho, F. Chattu, V.K. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Crider, R. Dahiru, T. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. De Neve, J.-W. Degenhardt, L. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B.B. Demissie, D.B. Demoz, G.T. Deribe, K. Des Jarlais, D. Dhungana, G.P. Diaz, D. Djalalinia, S. Do, H.P. Doan, L.P. Duber, H. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Duko Adema, B. Effiong, A. Eftekhari, A. El Sayed Zaki, M. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Elsharkawy, A. Endries, A.Y. Eskandarieh, S. Eyawo, O. Farzadfar, F. Fatima, B. Fentahun, N. Fernandes, E. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Folayan, M.O. Foroutan, M. Fukumoto, T. Fullman, N. Garcia-Basteiro, A.L. Gayesa, R.T. Gebremedhin, K.B. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gebreyohannes, K.K. Gedefaw, G.A. Gelaw, B.K. Gesesew, H.A. Geta, B. Gezae, K.E. Ghadiri, K. Ghashghaee, A. Ginindza, T.T.G. Gugnani, H.C. Guimarães, R.A. Haile, M.T. Hailu, G.B. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamidi, S. Handanagic, S. Handiso, D.W. Hanfore, L.K. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, S.I. Henok, A. Hoang, C.L. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hsairi, M. Ibitoye, S.E. Idrisov, B. Ikuta, K.S. Ilesanmi, O.S. Irvani, S.S.N. Iwu, C.J. Jacobsen, K.H. James, S.L. Jenabi, E. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jorjoran Shushtari, Z. Kabir, A. Kabir, Z. Kadel, R. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, B. Kassa, G.M. Kassa, T.D. Kayode, G.A. Kebede, M.M. Kefale, A.T. Kengne, A.P. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalid, N. Khan, E.A. Khan, G. Khan, J. Khang, Y.-H. Khatab, K. Khazaei, S. Khoja, A.T. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Kochhar, S. Komaki, H. Koul, P.A. Koyanagi, A. Kuate Defo, B. Kumar, G.A. Kumar, M. Kuupiel, D. Lal, D.K. Lee, J.J.-H. Lenjebo, T.L. Leshargie, C.T. Macarayan, E.R.K. Maddison, E.R. Magdy Abd El Razek, H. Magis-Rodriguez, C. Mahasha, P.W. Majdan, M. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Manafi, N. Mapoma, C.C. Martins-Melo, F.R. Masaka, A. Mayenga, E.N.L. Mehta, V. Meles, G.G. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Memish, Z.A. Mena, A.T. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, D.T. Mengistu, G. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miller, T.R. Moazen, B. Mohajer, B. Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammad, Y. Mohammad Darwesh, A. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadibakhsh, R. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammed, J.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Moodley, Y. Moossavi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moschos, M.M. Mossie, T.B. Mousavi, S.M. Muchie, K.F. Muluneh, A.G. Muriithi, M.K. Mustafa, G. Muthupandian, S. Nagarajan, A.J. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Nazari, J. Ndwandwe, D.E. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, S.H. Nguyen, T.H. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nixon, M.R. Nnaji, C.A. Noroozi, M. Noubiap, J.J. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Obsa, M.S. Odame, E.A. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Okoro, A. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olum, S. Oppong Asante, K. Oren, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Mahesh, P.A. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakpour, A.H. Patel, S.K. Paulos, K. Pepito, V.C.F. Peprah, E.K. Piroozi, B. Pourshams, A. Qorbani, M. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi-Movaghar, A. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, S.U. Ranabhat, C.L. Rawaf, S. Reis, C. Renjith, V. Reta, M.A. Rezai, M.S. Rios González, C.M. Merdassa Roro, E.E.M. Rostami, A. Rubino, S. Saeedi Moghaddam, S. Safari, S. Sagar, R. Sahraian, M.A. Salem, M.R.R. Salimi, Y. Salomon, J.A. Sambala, E.Z. Samy, A.M. Sartorius, B. Satpathy, M. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schutte, A.E. Sepanlou, S.G. Seyedmousavi, S. Shabaninejad, H. Shaheen, A.A. Shaikh, M.A. Shallo, S.A. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharifi, H. Shibuya, K. Shin, J.I. Shirkoohi, R. Silva, D.A.S. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, J.A. Sisay, M.M.M. Sisay, M. Sisay, S. Smith, A.E. Sokhan, A. Somayaji, R. Soshnikov, S. Stein, D.J. Sufiyan, M.B. Sunguya, B.F. Sykes, B.L. Tadesse, B.T. Tadesse, D.B. Tamirat, K.S. Taveira, N. Tekelemedhin, S.W. Temesgen, H.D. Tesfay, F.H. Teshale, M.Y. Thapa, S. Tlaye, K.G. Topp, S.M. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Ullah, I. Unnikrishnan, B. Uthman, O.A. Veisani, Y. Vladimirov, S.K. Wada, F.W. Waheed, Y. Weldegwergs, K.G. Weldesamuel, G.T.T. Westerman, R. Wijeratne, T. Wolde, H.F. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wonde, T.E. Wondmagegn, B.Y. Yeshanew, A.G. Yilma, M.T. Yimer, E.M. Yonemoto, N. Yotebieng, M. Youm, Y. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zarghi, A. Zenebe, Z.M. Zewale, T.A. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Naghavi, M. Vollset, S.E. Wang, H. Lim, S.S. Kyu, H.H. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 HIV collaborators
- Abstract
Background Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980-2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories. Methods We determined a modelling strategy for each country on the basis of the availability and quality of data. For countries and territories with data from population-based seroprevalence surveys or antenatal care clinics, we estimated prevalence and incidence using an open-source version of the Estimation and Projection Package - a natural history model originally developed by the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections. For countries with cause-specific vital registration data, we corrected data for garbage coding (ie, deaths coded to an intermediate, immediate, or poorly defined cause) and HIV misclassification. We developed a process of cohort incidence bias adjustment to use information on survival and deaths recorded in vital registration to back-calculate HIV incidence. For countries without any representative data on HIV, we produced incidence estimates by pulling information from observed bias in the geographical region. We used a re-coded version of the Spectrum model (a cohort component model that uses rates of disease progression and HIV mortality on and off ART) to produce agesex- specific incidence, prevalence, and mortality, and treatment coverage results for all countries, and forecast these measures to 2030 using Spectrum with inputs that were extended on the basis of past trends in treatment scale-up and new infections. Findings Global HIV mortality peaked in 2006 with 1·95 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·87-2·04) and has since decreased to 0·95 million deaths (0·91-1·01) in 2017. New cases of HIV globally peaked in 1999 (3·16 million, 2·79-3·67) and since then have gradually decreased to 1·94 million (1·63-2·29) in 2017. These trends, along with ART scale-up, have globally resulted in increased prevalence, with 36·8 million (34·8-39·2) people living with HIV in 2017. Prevalence of HIV was highest in southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, and countries in the region had ART coverage ranging from 65·7% in Lesotho to 85·7% in eSwatini. Our forecasts showed that 54 countries will meet the UNAIDS target of 81% ART coverage by 2020 and 12 countries are on track to meet 90% ART coverage by 2030. Forecasted results estimate that few countries will meet the UNAIDS 2020 and 2030 mortality and incidence targets. Interpretation Despite progress in reducing HIV-related mortality over the past decade, slow decreases in incidence, combined with the current context of stagnated funding for related interventions, mean that many countries are not on track to reach the 2020 and 2030 global targets for reduction in incidence and mortality. With a growing population of people living with HIV, it will continue to be a major threat to public health for years to come. The pace of progress needs to be hastened by continuing to expand access to ART and increasing investments in proven HIV prevention initiatives that can be scaled up to have population-level impact. © 2019 The Author(s).
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- 2019
49. High expression level of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) using a well-designed fusion protein-tagged construct in E. coli
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Shams, D., primary, Alizadeh, M., additional, Azari, S., additional, Hosseini, S., additional, Yasami-Khiabani, S., additional, Samani, S., additional, and Shokrgozar, M. A., additional
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- 2019
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50. تأثیر گروه درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افزایش کیفیت زندگی بیماران پیوند کلیه و همودیالیزي شهر زنجان: یک مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده
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Azari, S., Kiani, G., and Hejazi, M.
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ACCEPTANCE & commitment therapy , *KIDNEY transplantation , *QUALITY of life , *HEMODIALYSIS - Abstract
Background and Objectives: kidney diseases threaten mental and physical health. Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third generation treatment that affects life quality of patients. The present research aimed at determining the effect of acceptance and commitment based therapy on life quality of homodialized and kidney transplant patients in Zanjan city. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study. Statistics of the research includes all homodialized and kidney transplant patients admitted in kidney patients association in 2017. Eighty out of them were chosen and randomly grouped in control (two) and experimental (two) groups. The experimental group of acceptance and commitment based therapy were treated for 8 sessions (a 1.5 hour session per week) and the control groups received no intervention. Posttest was accomplished in both groups at end of the experiment. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results:: Mean and standard deviation of the experimental group age was 41.95±8.98 and 10.39±8.89 years for kidney transplantation and hemodialyzed groups, respectively and in the control group 42.20±9.12 and 45.35±6.47 years for kidney transplantation and hemodialyzed groups, respectively (p=0.148).There was a significant differencein life quality and its dimensions including mental health and perception of life environment between kidney transplantation and hemodialysis groups (p<0.001) Conclusion: According to the findings, using acceptance and commitment based therapy is suggested as an effective and complementary psychological intervention in kidney and homodialyzed patients to improve their life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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