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Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are damage to the tissue of the musculoskeletal system that disrupt the flow and functionality of the human body. The current study evaluated changes in years of life lost (YLL) due to MSDs and mortality rates associated with MSDs in the 16 year-period from 2004 to 2019. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, YLL for MSDs for the years 2004-2019 in Fars province was calculated using the YLL template from World Health Organization (WHO), and the number of total deaths due to MSDs in Fars province was obtained from the electronic populationbased death registration system (EDRS). Results: Between the years 2004 and 2019, 746 deaths due to MSDs occurred in Fars province. The crude mortality rate increased in men from 1.29 (per 100,000 population) in 2004 to 1.47 in 2019 (p-value for trend=0.057) and in women from 1.18 in 2004 to 2.58 in 2019 (p-value for trend <0.001). Total YLL due to MSDs over the same period was 4,690 and 6,852 (0.14 and 0.22 per 1000 population) in men and women, respectively (female/male gender ratio =1.46). Conclusion: The findings revealed that YLL due to MSDs was higher in females than males. The highest and lowest YLL due to MSDs was seen in the age group of 40-49 and 0-9 years, respectively. To minimize the effects of MSDs, further adjustment in the policies and regulations tailored for appropriate age groups and populations is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate mortality and years of life lost (YLL) due to suicide and homicide in children aged 10-19 years in southern Iran from 2004 to 2019. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The data on all deaths due to suicide and homicide in Fars province were obtained from the population-based electronic death registration system (EDRS). Crude mortality rate and YLL were calculated. The joinpoint regression method was used to examine the trend. Results: During the study period, 563 cases of suicide and 218 cases of homicide in children aged 10-19 have occurred. The total number of YLL due to suicide was 9766 in men and 6261 in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the trend of YLL due to suicide was increasing in males. In other words, the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 0.4 to 9.5, P = 0.036). Additionally, there was a constant trend in females, and APC was 2.7% (95% CI -2.0 to 7.7, P = 0.241). The number of YLL due to homicide was 4890 in males and 1294 in females. The trend of YLL due to homicide was stable in males and females. In other words, APC was -1.6% (95% CI -5.6 to -2.6, P = 0.422) in males and -2.7% (95% CI -10.0 to 5.2, P = 0.467) in females. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the trend of mortality rate and YLL due to suicide in men has been increasing and it has been stable in women. Moreover, the trend of mortality due to homicide was stable for both males and females. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem all over the world. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to COPD between 2011 and 2019 in Khuzestan province, southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a total of 715 COPD-related deaths during 2011–2019 in Khuzestan, Southern Iran. Required information comprised of age, gender, and number of deaths were collected. First, crude and age-standardized mortality rates were calculated, and then the joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the trend of YLLs. Results: The highest number of deaths during the study period was observed in males (65%) and in the age group of over 70 years (52.6%). There was also a decreasing trend in crude and age age-standardized mortality rates in both genders. The total number of YLLs in both genders was 8650, 5747 in men and 2903 in women. Based on the results of joinpoint regression, the percentage of annual YII changes was −1.5% in men, −10.7% in women, and −6.6% in both genders. Conclusion: Estimating the trend of YLLs due to COPD can effectively help and lead the way of health policymakers and provide useful information to estimate the economic burden of the disease and assess health needs and priorities of a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend of suicide attempt by medication overdose has shown an increasing trend in recent years. The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of suicide attempts and completed suicide by medication overdoses in Fars's province between 2011 and 2019. This cross-sectional study was performed on 40334 suicide attempts by medication overdose. First, fetal rate, and crude and aged-standardized mortality rate (ASR) were calculated. Then, χ2 test was used to calculate the trend of rates of suicide attempt and completed suicide, also to explore differences between qualitative and outcome variables. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicide outcome. The mean age of the participants was 26.66 ± 11.03 years. The highest ASR for suicide attempt by medication overdose was observed in the age range of 15–24 years. The rate of completed suicide by medication overdose was estimated as 1.22%. The odds of completed suicide were 2.7 times higher in men than in women, 2.7 times higher in people with a family history of suicide, and 1.7 times higher in people with a previous history of suicide. The results of our study may help health policymakers to effectively prevent recurrence of suicide attempts through establishing effective strategies for timely identification and appropriate intervention among high-risk individuals with previous history of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we extracted all death records from the Electronic Death Registration System categorized as ischemic heart disease (IHD) based on age, gender, and the year of death according to ICD-10 for this cross-sectional analysis. The Fars province is situated in southern Iran with a population of about 4 million. An analysis of years of life lost (YLL) resulting from premature death from IHD was conducted using the World Health Organization's 2015 YLL framework. The trend of the YLL rates was investigated using joinpoint regression. Results: In the Fars province, IHD was the cause of 46969 deaths throughout a 16-year study period, (2004 to 2019). Among these, 26,503 (56.4%) were men. The crude death rates per 100000 population for men and women were 84.2 and 66.5, respectively. The total YLL due to premature death due to IHD, during the 16-year study period, was 287625 in male, 209665 in female. The joinpoint regression showed a declining trend in the YLL rate associated with premature death. Annual Percent Change (APC) was -0.6% (95% CI -6.9 to 6.1, P=0.851) for males and -1.5% (95% CI -5.2 to 2.2, P=0.418) for females. Conclusion: The trends of the standardized mortality rate, YLL, and crude mortality rate held steady throughout a 16-year period. Planning for comprehensive primary and secondary prevention and increasing public knowledge of IHD are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an increase in the incidence of breast and gynecologic cancers in Iran during the last three decades. Literature is inadequate about the Years of Life Lost (YLL) attributed to these cancers in Iran., Methods: Mortality data due to these cancers amongst females aged >20 yr from 2004 to 2019 was acquired from "Electronic Death Registry System", Fars Province, Iran. Using local health centers' databases and national census reports from 1996 to 2016, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 people were estimated. YLLs were calculated using the WHO's 2015 "YLL template"., Results: During 2004-2019, 1886 and 829 deaths occurred due to breast and gynecologic cancers, respectively. The ASR due to breast and gynecologic cancers showed a significant increasing trend ( P <0.001 for each). The total YLL due to breast, cervical/uterine/vaginal/vulvar, and ovary cancers' deaths in the 16-year period were 33,077, 7,172 and 6,584 yr, respectively. The highest YLLs were observed in 50-59-year-old females, followed by 40-49- and 60-69-year-old females. The 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality in breast cancer, ovary cancer and cervix cancer was increasing: annual percent change (APC) was 7.6% (95% CI: 5.5-9.7, P <0.001), 19.0% (95% CI: 12.2-26.1, P <0.001) and 9.2% (95% CI: -9.2 to 31.3, P >0.05, respectively., Conclusion: Mortality rate and YLLs due to breast and gynecologic cancers have been increased in southern Iran during the last twenty years. Early detection programs and allocating treatments at early stages should be prioritized., (Copyright© 2024 Azarbakhsh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Unintentional falls are one of the main causes of death and a significant burden on victims, families, and communities. This study aimed to determine the trend analysis of mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to unintentional falls in Fars Province, Iran., Methods: All deaths due to unintentional fall in Fars Province, central Iran from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS) were obtained. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, YLL and YLL rate data were calculated and to examine the trend, joinpoint regression was used., Results: During the 16-year study period (2004-2019), 1816 deaths due to falls occurred in Fars Province. Crude mortality rate had stable trend in men and increasing trend in women. The total years of life lost due to falls, were 25,437 in men and 5,720 in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing in males. The annual percent change (APC) was -2.8% (95% CI -4.5 to -1.0, P =0.005). However, there were stable trends for females, APC was 3.5% (95% CI -1.8 to 9.1, P =0.181)., Conclusion: Due to the increase in mortality caused by falls in women and stable trend in men, there is an urgent need to plan and implement preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of injuries caused by falls. Home and behavioral modifications such as increasing home lighting, providing handrails on stairs and bathrooms, and educating the people may play an important role in reducing fall deaths., (Copyright© 2024 Azarbakhsh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Suicide as the commonest psychiatric emergency imposes a heavy burden on communities. We aimed to evaluate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death from suicide in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran., Methods: Data regarding suicidal deaths were extracted from the Forensic Medicine Organization. The YLL of each year were calculated among gender and age groups. The YLL calculation was performed using the 2015 WHO excel calendars template. The Join Point Regression method was used to examine the trend of the crude mortality rate, the standardized mortality rate, and the YLL rate., Results: Overall, 572 people died by suicide between 2016 and 2021 (63.5% in males and 36. 5% in females). The main method of death in most cases was hanging (52.8%). The total YLL due to premature death in the 6 year- period was 9248 (4.2 per 1000 persons) in males, 5602 (2.6 per 1000 persons) in females. Hanging (7909) compromised the largest YLL category between different methods of suicide. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 6-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was increasing in males: the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 1.0 to 8.7, P =0.024) and stable trend for females., Conclusion: The YLL was higher in men than in women. Effective training interventions should be designed and implemented to reduce the incidence of suicide., (Copyright© 2024 Shakibkhah et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Gastrointestinal cancers can cause major health problems globally since their burden is increasing in many countries. We aimed to investigate the trend of years of life lost due to gastrointestinal cancers in Fars Province, southern Iran during the 2004-2019., Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, we obtained the information regarding all deaths due to gastrointestinal cancers in Fars Province from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS). Years of Life Lost (YLL) was calculated using the YLL template of 2015 by the WHO. To examine the trend for different years, join point regression based on the log-linear model was used. Joinpoint regression analysis describes changing trends over successive periods of time and the increasing or decreasing rate within each period., Results: During the years of 2004-2019, 9742 deaths due to gastrointestinal cancers occurred in Fars Province. 6013 (61.72%) cases were male and 3729 (38.28%) cases were female (Male / Female Sex Ratio: 1.61). Overall, 4152 cases (42.63%) were due to gastric cancer and 2112 cases (21.68%) were due to liver cancer. Total years of life lost due to premature death from gastrointestinal cancers during the 16-year study period was 73565 yr (2.33 per 1000 persons) in men, 52766 yr (1.71 per 1000 persons) in women, and 126331 yr (2.02 per 1000 persons) in both sexes., Conclusion: Among all cancers, the highest mortality rates in both sexes belong to gastric cancer. This study showed the trend of YLL rate of malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, esophagus, oral cavity, and colon cancer were increasing in both sexes, however, the trend of YLL rate for malignant neoplasms of the small intestine was decreasing in both sexes. Variation of GI cancers patterns and trends around the Fars Province indicated that a more comprehensive control plan is needed to control these variations., (Copyright© 2024 Azarbakhsh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are different, which can be attributed to asymptomatic carriers, acute respiratory disease and pneumonia with different severities. The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with clinical symptoms versus asymptomatic patients., Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the epidemiological characteristics of two groups of patients, with clinical symptoms (n = 38,630) and without clinical symptoms who were definitive cases of COVID-19 (n = 2,327) were investigated in the southwestern of Iran. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences between qualitative variables in the two study groups., Results: Of 40,957 patients with COVID-19, 2,327 (5.68%) were asymptomatic, of whom 1391 (59.77%) were males, 1841 patients (79.11%) had a history of contact with definite or suspected cases of COVID-19. Asymptomatic patients were older than symptomatic cases. Patients with clinical symptoms had higher mortality rate than asymptomatic patients (2.68% in symptomatic patients vs 0% in asymptomatic patients)., Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the detected viral load in asymptomatic individuals was similar to that of symptomatic patients, indicating that asymptomatic infections can potentially transmit the disease. Therefore, screening and detection of asymptomatic cases is an important and key measure in prevention and early control of COVID-19 worldwide., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2021 Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy.)