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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound and histopathological findings in comparison with the bacteriological examination to help in prognosis decision for udder alteration occurred by different cause and forms of mastitis. 40 Egyptian Baladi female goats (does) were examined for detection of mastitis during lactation period by clinical and laboratory examination include inspection, CMT, ultrasonography, pathological and bacteriology examination accompanied with antimicrobial susceptibility for isolated microorganisms (M.O.) for detection of udder alterations due to mastitis The results revealed the prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis was 25% and 12.5% respectively. 30% of the isolates were coagulase-negative Staph. (CNS), while S. aureus and Strep. Spp. were 25% for each and E.coli represent 10% in subclinical milk samples, although these M.O. represented 40%, 30%,10% and 0% respectively in clinical milk samples. Ultrasonography of the parenchyma of healthy mammary gland appeared as a homogenous structure of average echogenicity filled with anechogenic content (milk). In contrast, the characteristic changes that occurred during all different mastitis phases in the mammary glandular parenchyma, teat and the milk appeared with different echogenicity. Histopathological features of tissue samples obtained by surgical biopsy technique described some different characteristic features of chronic, diffused interstitial mastitis lesions compatible with a longstanding subclinical infection. All forms of mastitis require microbiological confirmation for definitive diagnosis. Ultrasonography and histopathology give a clear prognosis for the status of the udder to minimize the impact of it.

This study was carried out on 30 mature male albino rats (2 months old, weighed about 130 g) in 3 groups of ten rats for each one in ARC. Group I, kept as control. Group II, daily intubated with CPF, at a dose level of 10.6 mg/kg BW in corn oil. Group III, daily intubated with CPF at a dose level of 10.6 mg/kg BW, zinc at a dose level of 227 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at a dose level of 75 mg/kg BW for 50 days equivalent to one spermatogenic cycle in rats. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to take blood, semen and tissue specimens. Histopathologically, the testes and epididymis showed moderate degeneration and thickening of the tubular membrane with interstitial oedema in the CPF intoxicated group. These changes were ameliorated in the rats of group III. The semen analysis is aggressively badly affected in the CPF intoxicated group in comparison with the control group and improved in rats of group III. Testosterone hormone levels were assayed with ELISA technique as 3.871±0.31 ng/ml, 1.112±0.82 ng/ml, and 2.503±0.25 ng/ml in control, CPF, CPF plus vitamin E and Zn groups, respectively. Moreover, the DNA integrity of spermatozoa in the CPF group was severely affected in comparison with either the control group and group III.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the potential of integrating natural biochar (BC) derived from eggshell waste into flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam to enhance its mechanical and acoustic performance. The study explores the impact of incorporating BC at various weight ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt. %) on the properties of the FPU foam. Additionally, the effects of modifying the BC with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) at different ratios (10, 20, and 30 wt. %) and the influence of diverse particle sizes of BC on the thermal, mechanical, and acoustic characteristics of the FPU composite are investigated. The functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition of the developed FPU composites are analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Characteristics such as density, gel fraction, and porosity were also assessed. The results reveal that the density of FPU foam increased by 4.32% and 7.83% while the porosity decreased to 50.22% and 47.05% with the addition of 0.1 wt. % of unmodified BC and modified BC with 20 wt. % APTMS, respectively, compared to unfilled FPU. Additionally, the gel fraction of the FPU matrix increases by 1.91% and 3.55% with the inclusion of 0.1 wt. % unmodified BC and modified BC with 20 wt. % APTMS, respectively. Furthermore, TGA analysis revealed that all FPU composites demonstrate improved thermal stability compared to unfilled FPU, reaching a peak value of 312.17°C for the FPU sample incorporating BC modified with 20 wt. % APTMS. Compression strength increased with 0.1 wt. % untreated BC but decreased at higher concentrations. Modifying BC with 20% APTMS resulted in an 8.23% increase in compressive strength compared to unfilled FPU. Acoustic analysis showed that the addition of BC improved absorption, and modified BC enhanced absorption characteristics of FPU, reaching Class D with a 20 mm thickness. BC modified with APTMS further improved acoustic properties compared to the unfilled FPU sample (Class E), with 20% modification showing the best results. These composites present promising materials for sound absorption applications and address environmental issues related to eggshell waste.

Abstract Mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) in the cytosol can trigger the innate immune sensor MDA5, and autoinflammatory disease due to type I IFN. Here, we show that a dominant negative mutation in the gene encoding the mitochondrial exonuclease REXO2 may cause interferonopathy by triggering the MDA5 pathway. A patient characterized by this heterozygous de novo mutation (p.T132A) presented with persistent skin rash featuring hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and acanthosis, with infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils around small blood vessels. In addition, circulating IgE levels and inflammatory cytokines, including IFNα, are found consistently elevated. Transcriptional analysis highlights a type I IFN gene signature in PBMC. Mechanistically, REXO2 (T132A) lacks the ability to cleave RNA and inhibits the activity of wild-type REXO2. This leads to an accumulation of mitochondrial dsRNA in the cytosol, which is recognized by MDA5, leading to the associated type I IFN gene signature. These results demonstrate that in the absence of appropriate regulation by REXO2, aberrant cellular nucleic acids may accumulate and continuously trigger innate sensors, resulting in an inborn error of immunity.

Abstract An experimental study on reinforced concrete one-way slabs strengthened by various methods and materials is introduced in this paper. Innovative anchorage procedures are presented and evaluated to prevent the strengthening elements with FRP system from de-bonding at the initial stages. Externally bonded embedded in concrete cover (EBECC) strengthening technology was proposed to save the fiber strips from being subjected to heat, degradation, and sabotage. Nine RC one-way slabs, including a control slab and eight strengthened slabs, were cast. One RC slab was strengthened using externally bonded embedded in concrete cover (EBECC), whereas the other tested RC slabs were strengthened using either externally bonded (EB) or near-surface mounted (NSM) procedures. The following test variables are used in this study: the proposed anchors, the area of steel, the kind of material utilized in NSM rods (carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and steel), and the strengthening scheme. The ultimate and initial cracking loads, load–deformation response, cracking patterns, and failure behavior were recorded and discussed. Additionally, a comparison of the stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption of the examined slabs was reported. The strengthened slabs by various techniques showed a boost in flexural strength that varied from 67 to 107% compared to the control slab. In addition, RC slabs strengthened by NSM-CFRP bars showed a maximum flexural capacity when compared with slabs strengthened by GFRP and steel bars. Also, the results supported the superiority of a novel end anchorage. The ABAQUS program was employed to conduct a finite element analysis (FEA) employing 3-D geometries to compare and assess the numerical performance of the identical slabs under similar test settings. The results showed good agreement between the experimental and numerical findings.

Abstract A series of benzoquinoline-employing heterocycles was synthesized by treating 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with N-phenyl-3-methylpyrazolone, 4-aminoacetophenone, 1,2-diaminoethane, and 2-cyanoethanohydrazide. Also, pyridine, chromene, α,β-unsaturated nitrile, thiosemicarbazone, and 1,2-bis-aryl hydrazine derivatives were prepared from the cyanoethanohydrazone obtained. The DFT calculations and experiment outcomes were consistent. In vitro screening of their antiproliferative efficacy was examined against HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cell lines. The pyrazolone 2 and cyanoethanohydrazone 5 derivatives exhibited the most potency, which was demonstrated by their molecular docking towards the CDK-5 enzyme. The binding energies of compounds 2 and 5 were − 6.6320 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 0.9477 Å) and − 6.5696 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 1.4889 Å), respectively, which were near to that of co-crystallized ligand (EFP). This implies a notably strong binding affinity towards the CDK-5 enzyme. Thus, pyrazolone derivative 2 would be considered a promising candidate for further optimization to develop new chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analyses displayed its desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties.

Abstract Pediatric cardiomyopathies are mostly attributed to variants in sarcomere-related genes. Unfortunately, the genetic architecture of pediatric cardiomyopathies has never been previously studied in Jordan. We sought to uncover the genetic landscape of 14 patients from nine families with several subtypes of pediatric cardiomyopathies in Jordan using Exome sequencing (ES). Our investigation identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in seven out of nine families (77.8%), clustering in sarcomere-related genes. Surprisingly, phenocopies of sarcomere-related hypertrophic cardiomyopathies were evident in probands with glycogen storage disorder and mitochondrial-related disease. Our study underscored the significance of streamlining ES or expanding cardiomyopathy-related gene panels to identify plausible phenocopies of sarcomere-related cardiomyopathies. Our findings also pointed out the need for genetic testing in patients with cardiomyopathy and their at-risk family members. This can potentially lead to better management strategies, enabling early interventions, and ultimately enhancing their prognosis. Finally, our findings provide an initial contribution to the currently absent knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of cardiomyopathies in Jordan.

Background: Birth injuries to the brachial plexus are highly rare; however, they necessitate treatment and follow-up from infancy until skeletal maturity. Many complications may arise as a result of primary nerve surgery. Objectives: To study the long-term complications of nerve repair procedures in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Patients and methods: This was retrospective research that was performed on 8 cases having obstetric brachial plexus palsy and underwent nerve surgery procedure. The ages ranged from 3 to 20 months. The assessment of the surgical procedure outcomes involves post-operative evaluation of both short and long-term complication. Results: Our study showed that the most frequent long-term complications were decreased innervation (25%), followed by decreased strength and stamina and balanced discoordination (12.50%) while there were no complications encountered in 50% of cases. The short-term complications included wound infection, seroma and hematoma. Conclusion: The nerve surgery procedure is an efficient primary approach in the management of cases with brachial plexus injury. However, a long-term follow-up is usually associated with late squeal such as reduced innervation and decrease in the overall strength and stamina.