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Complex subjects such as physiology can be challenging for students to learn. These challenges are not uncommon in implementing the learning process in physiology and affect learning outcomes. Dramatization is an interactive and effective method to improve learning outcomes. In a project designed by senior medical students, junior medical students were guided in creating dramatizations related to three topics. Senior students were trained and assisted to prepare scenarios and make videos. The dramatizations were then carried out with junior medical students to help them better understand physiology and pathophysiology topics. A group of junior students receiving the same topics in a lecture format served as a control group. Pretest and posttest questionnaires were used to measure the improvement of learning outcomes. Assessment results showed an increase in performance in both groups. This study shows that dramatizations provide an effective alternative to lectures for instructing junior medical students.

Amelia Margaret Namiiro,1 Ritah Audo,1 Charity Doreen Nannungi,1 Ivaan Pitua,1 Denis Kiberu,1 Peter Talemwa,1 Emanuel Mujuni,1 Alex Lwesabula,1 Paul Ageimo,1 Arnold Zephania Khaukha,1 Moses Jok Kuol,1 Lazarous Egaru,1 Malik Koire,1,2 Nelson Ssewante3 1School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; 2Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation, Kampala, Uganda; 3Child Health and Development Centre, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, UgandaCorrespondence: Amelia Margaret Namiiro, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Email amiemaggie99@gmail.comBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased loneliness, emotional stress, and idleness due to job losses and school closures which can drive substance use among vulnerable populations like youths. Uganda has been identified as one of the countries with the highest alcohol consumption in Africa. Alcohol predisposes to a number of health concerns including mental health disorders, cardiovascular diseases among others. This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol consumption among youths in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study among randomly selected youth aged 18– 35 years living in the five divisions of Kampala. Participation was strictly after informed consent was obtained. 381 youths were interviewed, both students and non-students were included in the study. The AUDIT-C questionnaire was used to measure the frequency and quantity. Frequent was defined as six or more drinks a week.Results: We enrolled 381 participants in the study with a mean age of 26± 4.6 years. More than half (60%) of the participants were male. 71% lived with family during the lockdown. Of the 64% that were employed before the lockdown, 54% lost their jobs. At least 42.5% of the participants reported alcohol consumption during the lockdown. Males consumed twice as much alcohol as females. Generally, the level of alcohol consumption decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic as the percentage of participants consuming alcohol dropped from 47.5% to 42.8%. Despite the overall decrease in the number of participants consuming alcohol, there was an increase in the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed on occasion during the pandemic.Conclusion: Fewer youths consumed alcohol during the COVID-19 lockdown in Kampala, Uganda. However, those who did significantly increased their drinking amount and frequency. Male youths, those living with friends, and those with poor self-perceived mental health were more likely to increase their alcohol intake. Further investigation into increased alcohol consumption among youths post-COVID is necessary to understand the extent and long-term health implications.Keywords: alcohol consumption, COVID-19 lockdown, youths, mental health

Sintayehu Asrat Beyene,1 Nahom Tadesse Bogale,1 Mahad Mohammed Abdinasir,1 Addisu Zegeye Desalegne,2 Megdelawit Ayalew Wossen3 1General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Jigjiga University Sheik Hassen Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; 2Department of Radiology, Jigjiga University Sheik Hassen Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; 3School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University Sheik Hassen Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Jigjiga, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sintayehu Asrat Beyene; Nahom Tadesse Bogale, Email sintayehubeyene54@gmail.com; Tadnahi2@gmail.comIntroduction: Ileosigmoid knotting is the wrapping of an active component of either the ileum or the sigmoid colon over each other. It is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction, accounting for 1– 2% of cases of all mechanical obstruction in the majority published literatures. A viable knot is a unique phenomenon of this seldom cause of bowel obstruction.Case Presentation: A sixteen-year-old female patient presents with a complaint of central abdominal distension and obstipation of 12-hour duration. Later, she also developed abdominal cramps and vomiting of ingested matter. Her vital signs were all in the normal range, and the abdominal examination was positive for a grossly distended abdomen with mild upper and central abdominal tenderness. The ileosigmoid knotting was clearly visible on the computed tomography. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a viable ileosigmoid knot was identified. Unknotting, derotation, and decompression of the sigmoid colon were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful.Discussion: Ileosigmoid knotting is a rare, life-threatening cause of intestinal obstruction with rapid progression to intestinal vascular compromise and gangrene. It is a hyperactive segment of ileum that winds around the pedicle of the redundant sigmoid colon, resulting in a closed-loop obstruction. There are different classification schemes of ileosigmoid knotting depending on the active component of the knot and based on the viability of the bowel and physiology of the patient. Preoperative diagnosis of this condition is often challenging and usually confirmed intraoperative.Conclusion: A high index of suspicion and prompt surgical exploration are crucial for the best outcome of the patient. Despite being a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, ileosigmoid knotting poses a significant morbidity and mortality to the patient. Management of a patient with viable ileosigmoid knotting is controversial, as some scholars suggest non-resective options and others recommend resective treatment as a recurrence preventive measure.Keywords: ileosigmoid knotting, intestinal obstruction, acute abdomen, volvulus, unknotting, operative decompression, viable

One of Perum Bulog's efforts to maintain price stability and food availability is distributing its products through the "Rumah Pangan Kita" (RPK) partnership. However, in 2022, it was recorded that most of RPK's partners would no longer run their businesses. It is suspected that this happened because the income obtained did not match the expectations of fundamental food traders. This research aims to analyze the influence of the RPK partnership factor on the income of fundamental food traders, which is calculated through Return on Asset analysis (ROA) in Malang. The sample used in this study consisted of 30 respondents and was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results showed that the variables of cooperation and commitment had a significant influence on the ROA of grocery traders in Malang. Other variables do not have a significant influence. The implications of this research highlight the importance of strengthening cooperation and commitment within the RPK partnership program to improve the profitability of fundamental food traders. Moreover, the findings suggest that communication and openness, while not significantly impactful in this study, should not be overlooked but optimized as supporting factors to enhance the overall partnership effectiveness.

Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, generasi muda saat ini memerlukan pendekatan pendidikan yang sesuai dengan tren digital yang ada. Perlunya strategi yang efektif dalam menerapkan pendidikan karakter melalui pengintegrasian dalam pembelajaran, kolaborasi dan diskusi, pemberian ruang kreativitas, serta literasi digita dan etika online sesuai kemajuan teknologi saat ini. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan karakter generasi muda di era digital haruslah berfokus pada pengembangan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk berperilaku baik di lingkungan digital. Tujuan dari pendekatan ini agar generasi muda dapat dibantu untuk tumbuh menjadi individu yang beretika dan berperilaku baik di era digital yang semakin kompleks dan dinamis. Metode penelitian yang peneliti gunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, data dikumpulkan dengan cara berupa kuisioner, dengan responden adalah mahasiswa di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk membentuk karakter generasi muda di era digital antara lain: penerapan pendidikan karakter, ikut serta dalam kegiatan seminar, penerapan kode etik, mengadakan program pengembangan diri, mengamalkan sila pancasila, melakukan pembinaan dan sosialisasi, menyediakan fasilitas untuk peningkatan literasi media, saling menghormati, pemberian batasan penggunaan smartphone dan saring sebelum sharing.

Jordan Gipe, Alexandra Z Agathis, SQ Nguyen Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Jordan Gipe, Department of Surgery Box 1259 The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, Tel +1818-935-3352, Email Jordan.Gipe@mountsinai.orgAbstract: Postoperative leaks after sleeve gastrectomy are a troublesome complication that occur in 0.7– 5.3% of cases depending on the referenced source. These complications cause significant morbidity for patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, nutritional support, intravenous antibiotics, and at times additional operations and procedures that risk further downstream complications. The patient presentation varies from relatively benign with minimal or no symptomatology, to the acutely ill with life-threatening sepsis. The management of gastric leak is dependent on a multitude of factors, including the initial presentation as well the surgeon’s experience and preference. Here, we will summarize the current literature and discuss the different options that exist for the management of gastric leaks after sleeve gastrectomy including laparoscopic lavage, endoscopic stenting, endoscopic pigtail catheters, endoscopic vacuum therapy, and salvage surgical operations such as fistula jejunostomy and total gastrectomy. The aim is to provide a source for surgeons to reference when they encounter this disease pathology and to shed light on a daunting challenge for the modern bariatric surgeon.Keywords: sleeve gastrectomy, leak, fistula, management