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4. Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands

Author

Maestre, Fernando T., primary, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, additional, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Eldridge, David J., additional, Saiz, Hugo, additional, Berdugo, Miguel, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Ochoa, Victoria, additional, Guirado, Emilio, additional, García-Gómez, Miguel, additional, Valencia, Enrique, additional, Gaitán, Juan J., additional, Asensio, Sergio, additional, Mendoza, Betty J., additional, Plaza, César, additional, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, additional, Rey, Ana, additional, Hu, Hang-Wei, additional, He, Ji-Zheng, additional, Wang, Jun-Tao, additional, Lehmann, Anika, additional, Rillig, Matthias C., additional, Cesarz, Simone, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Sala, Osvaldo, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadian, Negar, additional, Alados, Concepción L., additional, Aramayo, Valeria, additional, Amghar, Fateh, additional, Arredondo, Tulio, additional, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Ben Salem, Farah, additional, Blaum, Niels, additional, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, additional, Bowker, Matthew A., additional, Bran, Donaldo, additional, Bu, Chongfeng, additional, Canessa, Rafaella, additional, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., additional, Castro, Helena, additional, Castro, Ignacio, additional, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, additional, Chibani, Roukaya, additional, Conceição, Abel A., additional, Currier, Courtney M., additional, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Donoso, David A., additional, Dougill, Andrew J., additional, Durán, Jorge, additional, Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger, additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Fajardo, Alex, additional, Farzam, Mohammad, additional, Ferrante, Daniela, additional, Frank, Anke S. K., additional, Fraser, Lauchlan H., additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Greenville, Aaron C., additional, Guerra, Carlos A., additional, Gusmán-Montalvan, Elizabeth, additional, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., additional, Hölzel, Norbert, additional, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, additional, Hughes, Frederic M., additional, Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kaseke, Kudzai F., additional, Köbel, Melanie, additional, Koopman, Jessica E., additional, Leder, Cintia V., additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, le Roux, Peter C., additional, Li, Xinkai, additional, Liancourt, Pierre, additional, Liu, Jushan, additional, Louw, Michelle A., additional, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, additional, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., additional, Issa, Oumarou Malam, additional, Manzaneda, Antonio J., additional, Marais, Eugene, additional, Mora, Juan P., additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Munson, Seth M., additional, Nunes, Alice, additional, Oliva, Gabriel, additional, Oñatibia, Gastón R., additional, Peter, Guadalupe, additional, Pivari, Marco O. D., additional, Pueyo, Yolanda, additional, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, additional, Rahmanian, Soroor, additional, Reed, Sasha C., additional, Rey, Pedro J., additional, Richard, Benoit, additional, Rodríguez, Alexandra, additional, Rolo, Víctor, additional, Rubalcaba, Juan G., additional, Ruppert, Jan C., additional, Salah, Ayman, additional, Schuchardt, Max A., additional, Spann, Sedona, additional, Stavi, Ilan, additional, Stephens, Colton R. A., additional, Swemmer, Anthony M., additional, Teixido, Alberto L., additional, Thomas, Andrew D., additional, Throop, Heather L., additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Travers, Samantha, additional, Val, James, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, additional, Velbert, Frederike, additional, Wamiti, Wanyoike, additional, Wang, Deli, additional, Wang, Lixin, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Zaady, Eli, additional, Zhang, Yuanming, additional, Zhou, Xiaobing, additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, and Gross, Nicolas, additional

Published
2022
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7. INTENSIFICATION OF LIVESTOCK FARMING IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE: The challenges of domestic grazing in the drylands of the Argentine Patagonia.

Author

Yahdjian, Laura, Carboni, Lucas J., Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, and Oñatibia, Gastón R.

Subjects
BIOTIC communities, DESERTIFICATION, CLIMATE change, LIVESTOCK farms, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, CRUST vegetation, ARID regions, GRAZING, PLANT communities
Abstract

Livestock grazing modifies and even degrades arid ecosystems, which threatens the sustainability of livestock farming itself. It is essential to learn more about the effects of grazing on vegetation and soil to design strategies to avoid desertification, perhaps the most serious problem faced by drylands. In this paper, we evaluate the changes in the functional traits of the plant community and the biological soil crust induced by the intensification of grazing in Patagonian ecosystems. This description, together with changes in diversity, plant composition, and ecosystem functioning, can help us to understand the mechanisms by which the intensification of sheep grazing could degrade arid ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Phytoplankton DNA metabarcoding in four sectors of the SW Atlantic in the context of the global ocean.

Author

Ibarbalz, Federico M., Karlusich, Juan J. Pierella, Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, Visintini, Natalia, Guidi, Lionel, Bowler, Chris, and Flombaum, Pedro

Subjects
PHYTOPLANKTON, PIGMENT analysis, CONFOCAL microscopy, PLANT diversity, AREA studies, GENETIC barcoding, DIATOMS
Abstract

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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9. Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Hobbie, Sarah E., Risch, Anita C., Collins, Scott L., Alberti, Juan, Bahamonde, Héctor A., Brown, Cynthia S., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris R., Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Esch, Ellen H., Eskelinen, Anu, Fernández, Victoria, Güsewell, Sabine, Gutierrez-Larruga, Blanca, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric, López, Andrea, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Roscher, Christiane, Sarneel, Judith M., Schütz, Martin, Siebert, Julia, Standish, Rachel J., Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wiehl, Georg, Yahdjian, Laura, Zamin, Tara, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Hobbie, Sarah E., Risch, Anita C., Collins, Scott L., Alberti, Juan, Bahamonde, Héctor A., Brown, Cynthia S., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris R., Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Esch, Ellen H., Eskelinen, Anu, Fernández, Victoria, Güsewell, Sabine, Gutierrez-Larruga, Blanca, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric, López, Andrea, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Roscher, Christiane, Sarneel, Judith M., Schütz, Martin, Siebert, Julia, Standish, Rachel J., Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wiehl, Georg, Yahdjian, Laura, and Zamin, Tara

Abstract

Microbial processing of aggregate-unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long-term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro- and micro-nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak-season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains.

Published
2020
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11. Microbial Nursery Production of High-Quality Biological Soil Crust Biomass for Restoration of Degraded Dryland Soils.

Author

Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, Silva, Ana Giraldo, Nelson, Corey, Barger, Nichole N., and Garcia-Pichel, Ferran

Subjects
*CRUST vegetation, *BIOMASS, *SOIL restoration, *SOIL degradation, *TOPSOIL
Abstract

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are slow-growing, phototroph-based microbial assemblages that develop on the topsoils of drylands. Biocrusts help maintain soil fertility and reduce erosion. Because their loss through human activities has negative ecological and environmental health consequences, biocrust restoration is of interest. Active soil inoculation with biocrust microorganisms can be an important tool in this endeavor. We present a culture-independent, two-step process to grow multispecies biocrusts in open greenhouse nursery facilities, based on the inoculation of local soils with local biocrust remnants and incubation under seminatural conditions that maintain the essence of the habitat but lessen its harshness. In each of four U.S. Southwest sites, we tested and deployed combinations of factors that maximized growth (gauged as chlorophyll a content) while minimizing microbial community shifts (assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics), particularly for crust-forming cyanobacteria. Generally, doubling the frequency of natural wetting events, a 60% reduction in sunlight, and inoculation by slurry were optimal. Nutrient addition effects were site specific. In 4 months, our approach yielded crusts of high inoculum quality reared on local soil exposed to locally matched climates, acclimated to desiccation, and containing communities minimally shifted in composition from local ones. Our inoculum contained abundant crust-forming cyanobacteria and no significant numbers of allochthonous phototrophs, and it was sufficient to treat ca. 6,000 m2 of degraded dryland soils at 1 to 5% of the typical crust biomass concentration, having started from a natural crust remnant as small as 6 to 30 cm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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