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Introduction The risk of degenerative diseases in the elderly is higher due to aging and decreased body function. This process affects both systemic conditions and locally in the oral cavity. Aside from aging, degenerative disease itself can trigger the incidence of soft tissue abnormalities. Aging can cause structural and functional changes in the systemic vasculature, resulting in a degenerative disease such as hypertension. Elderly who suffers from hypertension can develop oral mucosa abnormalities and most of them are found on the tongue. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of normal variant lesions on the tongue in the elderly with hypertension. Methods This was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design done in January–March 2020. Samples were elderly obtained from several public health centers in Surabaya that matched the inclusion criteria. Subjective and clinical examinations were performed by oral medicine residents and specialists. Results A total of 401 elderly were screened and 147 elderly (36.65%) met the inclusion criteria which are having hypertension and willing to participate in this study. Those who met the criteria, mainly were female from the 60 to 74 years old age group. Normal variants of tongue obtained from the examination were fissured tongue (90.48%), coated tongue (63.95%), crenated tongue (33.33%), lingual varices (12.24%), and benign migratory glossitis (4.08%). Conclusion From this study, we figured out that fissured tongue was the most common normal variant lesion of the tongue in the elderly with hypertension. Coexistence between hypertension and tongue lesions can be developed from pathological changes of disease or as side effects of medication taken such as antihypertensive drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of oral lesions or conditions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. OPMD affects 4.47% of people worldwide, with predilection in males. The high tendency of frequent tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption may lead the male motorcycle community to have a higher risk for developing OPMD and malignant transformation. Objectives This article determines the level of knowledge about OPMD within a male motorcycle community. Methods This study uses a survey research design that is a questionnaire-based and descriptive study. Data were obtained using a Google Form, and IBM SPSS was used for analysis. Simple random sampling is the sampling method applied. The total knowledge score is divided into three levels, low (0–4), moderate (5–9), and high (10–15). Results The questionnaire was finished by 60 people entirely. All respondents (100%) were men, and the majority (83.00%) was aged between 20 and 21. A total of 26 respondents (43.30%) had moderate knowledge levels, followed by 21 with high knowledge levels (35.0%), and 13 with low knowledge levels (21.70%). Conclusion The majority of the male motorcycle community (43.30%) has a moderate knowledge level regarding OPMD. This study indicates the need for educational measures to improve awareness regarding OPMD in a high-risk community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Some oral cancers are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), clinically and histologically characterized by epithelial dysplasia. Leukoplakia is one of the OPMDs which clinically categorized into homogenous and nonhomogenous. Nonhomogeneous leukoplakia has a higher potential for malignant change. Therefore, dentists are required to recognize leukoplakia early during an oral (visual) examination, and this competency must be one of the requirements before graduation. Objective This study aimed to understand the level of knowledge of the dental undergraduate students about leukoplakia as an OPMD. Methods This research was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey conducted using Google Forms. The total score was divided into high (9–12), medium (5–8), and low (0–4). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 using comparative analysis Mann–Whitney techniques test. Results A total of 180 dental profession students completed the questionnaire. Of these, 74 (41.40%) respondents were 22 years old, and 146 (81.10%) respondents were female. A high level of knowledge was achieved by 130 (72.20%) respondents, with each revealing 68 respondents from the 2019 batch and 62 from the 2018 batch, 49 (27.20%) respondents with a medium level of knowledge with 26 from the 2018 batch and 23 from the 2019 batch, and 1 respondent (0.60%) from the 2019 batch with a low level of knowledge. The results showed a p -value of 0.211. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the levels of knowledge of dental profession students in Universitas Airlangga batches 2018 and 2019 with regard to leukoplakia as an OPMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to assess whether community empowerment as a health promotion program can improve the knowledge of the elderly and develop self-awareness about their oral health. The elderly population has increased in number and needs special attention, especially regarding the improvement of hygiene and health. Community empowerment is a type of health promotion program that can take the form of counseling and providing knowledge about oral health to the elderly. Materials and Methods Participants are elderly aged 60 years or older. Counseling was done by oral medicine specialists and residents to provide knowledge about oral health problems. Assessment of knowledge improvement was done using pretest and posttest in a written questionnaire. Statistical Analysis The Shapiro–Wilk test followed by the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the difference before and after counseling. Results From a total of 38 elderly included in this study, 29 (76.32%) showed an improved score in posttest compared with pretest. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of study participants (p < 0.005). Conclusion Counseling in empowerment programs can help the elderly improve their knowledge about oral health, so that improvements can be expected to be followed by the development of self-awareness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aged 60 years old and above are growing in number. The increase was due to the increasing life expectancy in Indonesia; a fact that will have an impact on general and oral health in the future. Tongue lesions are related to degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of tongue lesions related to degenerative diseases in the elderly at Ketabang Public Health Center, Surabaya City, East Java. This is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Intraoral soft tissue examination was performed by the general dentist and oral medicine specialist in elderly patients coming to Ketabang Public Health Center between January and March 2020. During this period, there were 85 elderly patients with degenerative diseases and prevalence of tongue lesions, namely fissured tongue (77.6%), coated tongue (67.1%), crenated tongue (32.9%), atrophic glossitis (29.4%), lingual varices (12.9%), and oral melanotic macule (1.1%). Fissured tongue is the most common tongue lesion found in 77% elderly patients with degenerative diseases. Fissured tongue often develops with age and in patients with hyposalivation related to diabetes mellitus and anti-hypertension drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti Tuberculosis Drug is a combination of medicine. The First Line drug such as Rifampisin, Pyrazinamid, Etambutolol, INH and Streptomycin and the second line of drug such as Kanamycin, Kapreomycin and Etionamid used for treatment in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Long-term used of Anti Tuberculosis drug may increase the risk of oral candidiasis. Candida spp might increase because of Multi Drug Resistance 1 Receptor (MDR1). Not only Candida albicans found in patients, but also non-Candida albicans such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. This study helped for proper antifungal treatments for Candida infection for each Candida Spp. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of Candida Spp in Pulmonary TB treated with Anti-Tuberculosis Drug in TB-DOTS RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. All patient examined by anamnesis, swab on bucal mucosa oral and tongue, incubation in Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Cornmeal Tween 80, Candida species identification with direct microscopic slide culture, glucose farmentated test and CHROM Agar Candida Candida. The distribution of Candida albicans was 83.3% (5 patients) in 40 years old, in female patients, with Anti-Tuberculosis Drug. Candida glabrata distribution was 16.7% (1 patient) over 40 years old, in female patient and with First Line of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug. Distribution of Candida species was mostly Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglicemia. Hyperglycemia can be determined by examining the A1c level, which is the examination of blood glucose that bound to Hb strongly and circulates with erythrocyte during the lifespan of erythrocyte. Patients with diabetes mellitus have been associated with various complications in oral cavity, one of which is angular cheilitis. Angular Cheilitis (AC) is extraoral lesion characterized with erythema, fissure, cracking, inflammation or ulceration at the corners of the mouth. Since AC is appeared extraorally, it may serve as an clinical sign indicating diabetes mellitus. Purpose is to discover the prevalence of AC based on A1c level in patients with diabetes mellitus. Descriptive observasional study with cross-sectional total sampling on 41 patients. The prevalence of angular cheilitis found 7 (17.1%) cases lesion from 41 total sampling with all of cases found in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. In conclusion the prevalence of angular cheilitis all in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients with A1c level above 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of the wound healing process depends on effective debridement and infection control. Currently, some difficulties are encountered in controlling infected chronic wounds due to the development of resistance to antibiotics and the inability of surgical debridement of necrotic scar tissue. Larval therapy is capable of causing disruption of the biofilm, making it beneficial for chronic wound healing. The aim of this scoping review was to reveal the use of larvae for chronic wound healing, by inhibiting the formation of biofilms based on a number of articles that have been published in journals. Articles were searched using databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. We found articles related to the use of larval therapy as many as 15 articles between 2012-2020 that were eligible for review. In conclusion, chronic wound therapy using larvae is easy to apply and is successful as a traditional and complementary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]