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The sustainability and economic development is intertwined with the energy consumption and conversion processes. To suffice the ever-increasing demand of energy consumption amid environmental concerns, energy conservation and recovery along with the harnessing of renewable energy has been mandated by the policy regulators. In any energy conversion process, heat exchangers are vital operation component and has been part of any energy conversion process since the Nineteenth century. However, due to the increased energy demand, requirement of high efficiency and space and material constraints, the need for miniaturized light-weight heat exchangers with adequate heat transfer characteristics persists. Traditional heat exchangers are outdated because of its large space requirements and comparatively less heat removal rate. Theminiaturized micro channel heat sink (MCHS) with tubes of about less than 1mm have a tremendous potential to further enhance the heat transfer performance. However, its simple design doesn't cope with the modern requirements of heat removal. Therefore, many researchers have tried to improve its performance using different techniques. The present study reviews some of the most important techniques applied to MCHS. These techniques include, coolant types used in MCHS, MCHS shapes, flow conditions, numerical methods used for this research, andmaterials used tomanufacture MCHS.Moreover, some recommendations have been given to provide opportunities to researchers for future aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile wastewater, heavily contaminated with organic dyes, is generating severe problems to environment and human health. The implementation of gC 3 N 4 with biochar (gC 3 N 4 -BC) for the treatment of textile wastewater is less effective due to the limited adsorption capacity and slower degradation kinetics. To tackle these problems, peroxydisulfate (PDS) is integrated with gC 3 N 4 -BC photocatalyst to enhance the process efficiency and kinetics. The synthesized gC 3 N 4 -BC-5 composite shows higher separation of charge carriers, light absorbance, and lower energy bandgap (2.62 eV). The results of photocatalytic degradation and rate constant are enhanced up to 99.9 % and 0.041 min -1 using gC 3 N 4 -BC-5 with PDS as compared to without PDS (96.8 % and 0.028 min -1 , respectively). The radicals (SO 4 -• ,O 2 -• , and OH • ) are responsible to improve the degradation process efficiency and kinetics. The reusability of optimized sample indicates that gC 3 N 4 -BC-5 is stable and effective up to five cycles. The gC 3 N 4 -BC-5 composite attains highest adsorption (70.9 %) when compared to BC (62.3 %) and pure gC 3 N 4 (27.1 %). The well-fitted models of adsorption (Pseudo-Second-Order and Freundlich) confirm the favorable, chemical, and multilayered adsorption process. The coupling of gC 3 N 4 -BC-5 with PDS is effective, efficient, and stable process to enhance the kinetics and degradation of textile wastewater., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)