25 results on '"Aytekin, Çetin"'
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2. Antimicrobial Activity of Resins Obtained from the Roots and Stems of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicia
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kizil, Murat, kizil, Göksel, yavuz, Murat, and aytekin, Çetin
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- 2002
3. Solid state fermentation for production of α-amylase by a thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis from hot-spring water
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Baysal, Zübeyde, Uyar, Fikret, and Aytekin, Çetin
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- 2003
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4. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions ontoBacillus subtilis:determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters
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Ayla, Ayşegül, primary, Çavuş, Aynur, additional, Bulut, Yasemin, additional, Baysal, Zübeyde, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2013
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5. Immobilization of α-amylase via adsorption onto bentonite/chitosan composite: Determination of equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters
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Baysal, Zübeyde, primary, Bulut, Yasemin, additional, Yavuz, Murat, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2013
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6. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of ThreeHypericumand ThreeAchilleaSpecies From Turkey
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Barış, Deniz, primary, Kızıl, Murat, additional, Aytekin, Çetin, additional, Kızıl, Göksel, additional, Yavuz, Murat, additional, Çeken, Bircan, additional, and Ertekin, A. Selçuk, additional
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- 2011
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7. Dyeing of Wool Fibres with Natural Dyes: Effect of Proteolytic Enzymes
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Doğru, Mehmet, primary, Baysal, Zübeyde, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2006
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8. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils ofHypericum scabrum,Hypericum scabroides andHypericum triquetrifolium
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Kızıl, Göksel, primary, Toker, Zuhal, additional, Özen, HasanÇetin, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2004
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9. Antimicrobial Activity of the Tar Obtained from the Roots and Stems of Pinus brutia
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Kizil, Murat, primary, Kizil, Göksel, additional, Yavuz, Murat, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2002
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10. SUITABILITY OF ANIMALS' PURIFIED MILK CASEINS AND THEIR SUBUNIT κ−CASEINS AS SUBSTRATES FOR SUBTILISIN AND TRYPSIN
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Dogru, Mehmet, primary, Baysal, Zübeyde, additional, and Aytekin, Çetin, additional
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- 2001
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11. Immobilization of α-amylase via adsorption onto bentonite/chitosan composite: Determination of equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters.
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Baysal, Zübeyde, Bulut, Yasemin, Yavuz, Murat, and Aytekin, Çetin
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- 2014
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12. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Three Hypericum and Three Achillea Species From Turkey.
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Barış, Deniz, Kızıl, Murat, Aytekin, Çetin, Kızıl, Göksel, Yavuz, Murat, Çeken, Bircan, and Ertekin, A. Selçuk
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ANTI-infective agents ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,HYPERICUM ,PLANT extracts ,YARROW ,DEOXYRIBOSE - Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Hypericum scabrum L (HSm), Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides (HL), and Hypericum retusum Aucher (HR) and ethanol extracts of Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica (AA), Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor (AZ), and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (AB). The antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated using different antioxidants tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, deoxyribose assay, metal chelating activities and determination of total phenolic compounds. The extracts obtained from Hypericum and Achillea species showed high antioxidant properties. The protective effects of plant extracts were compared with a well known antioxidant, Butilated Hydroxytoluen (BHT) and α-tocopherol. Total antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of plants were also tested by using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. Antioxidative activities of plant extracts were found to be comparable with Vitamin E. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of all tested plant exhibited different activity against tested microorganisms. Since most of the studied extracts have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, it might be possible to use them as natural food additives that act both as antioxidants and as spices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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13. Use of Natural Dye‐Casein Complexes: Effect of Proteolytic Treatment.
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Doğru, Mehmet, Baysal, Zübeyde, Aytekin, Çetin, and Aydın, Haluk
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CASEINS ,DYES & dyeing ,ENZYMES ,HYDROLASES ,MILK proteins ,BERBERINE ,QUERCETIN - Abstract
The activity of proteolytic enzymes is commonly measured using casein as a substrate. A modified caseinolysis assay was developed with natural dyes such as juglone, lawsone, berberine, and quercetin for Subtilisin carlsberg , protease type XVI, and trypsin, respectively. The pH dependence and incubation time were determined. K m , V max , and k cat /K m values were also determined for these enzymes. Lawsone was found to be a better substrate than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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14. SUITABILITY OF ANIMALS' PURIFIED MILK CASEINS AND THEIR SUBUNIT κ-CASEINS AS SUBSTRATES FOR SUBTILISIN AND TRYPSIN.
- Author
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Dogru, Mehmet, Baysal, Zübeyde, and Aytekin, Çetin
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CASEINS ,MILK ,SUBTILISINS ,TRYPSIN ,ENZYMES - Abstract
Acid casein and κ-casein were purified from different species of animal's milk, such as cow, sheep, goat, and water buffalo. These caseins were used as substrates for commercially available subtilisin and trypsin. It was established that, when acid caseins were used as a substrate for subtilisin, cow acid casein was found to be a better substrate for the enzymes, compared to other animals' milk casein. It was suggested that this acid casein has significantly more aromatic amino acids, as compared to arginine and lysine. KM and Vmax values, which were obtained for cow κ-casein, showed that cow κ-casein was a better susbstrate for trypsin than the others, suggesting that cow κ-casein has a rich content of lysine, arginine, and aromatic amino acids by comparison with the others. The calculated C/N ratio also supports this suggestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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15. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions onto Bacillus subtilis:determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters
- Author
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Ayla, Ayşegül, Çavuş, Aynur, Bulut, Yasemin, Baysal, Zübeyde, and Aytekin, Çetin
- Abstract
In the present study, Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacteria, was used in dried biomass form as biosorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption tests were performed at different contact times, temperatures, pH, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. The adsorption isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the Langmuir equation fit better than the Freundlich equation. Maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 169.49, 178.57, and 181.82 mg g−1at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of MB could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model. The activation energy of the biosorption (Ea) was determined as 11.30 kJ mol−1at initial concentration of 50 mg L−1. Free energy of adsorption (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) changes were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The estimated values for ΔG°were −21.22, −22.02, and −23.01 kJ mol−1at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The enthalpy changes and entropy of adsorption were 5.47 kJ mol−1and 89.43 Jmol−1, respectively. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicate that B. subtilisis a suitable and inexpensive adsorbent which can be used for dye removal in wastewater treatment processes.
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- 2013
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16. Application of the Polanvi Adsorption Potential Theory to Adsorption Phenolic Compounds from Water Solution onto Activated Carbon.
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Aytekin, Çetin
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- 1991
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17. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Hypericum scabrum, Hypericum scabroides and Hypericum triquetrifolium.
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Kızıl, Göksel, Toker, Zuhal, Özen, Hasan Çetin, and Aytekin, Çetin
- Abstract
The essential oils of Hypericum scabrum, Hypericum scabroides and Hypericum triquetrifolium were studied for the first time for their antimicrobial activity against nine organisms. All the essential oils exhibited some broad spectrum antibacterial activity, at a concentration of 80 µg/mL. The essential oils of Hypericum species showed antibacterial activity against the tested organisms and a yeast. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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18. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions onto Bacillus subtilis: determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters.
- Author
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Ayla, Ayşegül, Çavuş, Aynur, Bulut, Yasemin, Baysal, Zübeyde, and Aytekin, Çetin
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BACILLUS subtilis ,METHYLENE blue ,LANGMUIR isotherms ,THERMODYNAMICS ,FREUNDLICH isotherm equation - Abstract
In the present study, Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacteria, was used in dried biomass form as biosorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption tests were performed at different contact times, temperatures, pH, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. The adsorption isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the Langmuir equation fit better than the Freundlich equation. Maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 169.49, 178.57, and 181.82 mg g
-1 at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of MB could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model. The activation energy of the biosorption (Ea ) was determined as 11.30 kJ mol-1 at initial concentration of 50 mg L-1 . Free energy of adsorption (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) changes were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The estimated values for ΔG° were -21.22, -22.02, and -23.01 kJ mol-1 at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The enthalpy changes and entropy of adsorption were 5.47 kJ mol-1 and 89.43 Jmol-1 , respectively. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicate that B. subtilis is a suitable and inexpensive adsorbent which can be used for dye removal in wastewater treatment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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19. Boyarmaddeler ile boyanmış proteinlerin proteolitik enzimler için substrat olarak kullanılabilirlikleri
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Doğru, Mehmet, Aytekin, Çetin, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Doğru, Mehmet, and Kimya Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Enzimler ,Yün ,Boyarmaddeler ,Kazein ,Kimya - Abstract
11 ÖZET Proteolitik enzimlerin yaygın olarak kullanılan substratlan protein ve protein fragmentleri (kazein, pepton v.s.) olmasına karşın, aktivitelerinin tayininde yün, pamuk gibi çözünmeyen uygun materyal üzerine adsorblanan boyalarla hazırlanan substratlar da kullamlmaktadır. Bu düşünceden yola çıkarak sıkça kullanılan proteolitik enzimlerden subtilizin Carlsberg, tripsin, kimotripsin ve proteaz tip XVI için, kolay ve ekonomik olarak elde edilebilecek, çevre kirliliğine neden olmayacak ve de olası ise bu enzimlerden en azından biri için özgün substrat geliştirilebilirliğini araştırmak amacıyla yün ve kazein; juglon, lawson, berberin ve quercetin gibi doğal ve procion red, procion blue ve procion yellow gibi sentetik boyalarla boyandı. Kullanılan doğal ya da sentetik boyarmaddelerin çok düşük derişimlerinde (doğal boyarmadde 1.1 0`12 M ve sentetik boyarmadde 1.0x1 0`9 g.mL`1) bile enzimlerimizi tersinmez bir şekilde inhibe ettiği saptandı. Hazırlanan yün-boyarmadde kompleksleri üzerinde enzimlerin etkisini sodyumbisülfit yokluğunda incelediğimizde, subtilizin carlsberg, tripsin ve kimotripsinin katalitik etkinlik göstermezken, %5 sodyumbisülfit içeren proteaz tip XVP nın katalitik etkinlik gösterdiği görüldü. Diğer enzimlere de aynı oranda sodyumbisülfit ilave edildiğinde katalitik etkinlik gösterdiği görüldü. Sodyumbisülfit varlığı, kullanılan enzimlerin katalitik etkinliğini farklı oranlarda değiştirdi. Çözünmez substrat olarak hazırlanan yün-boyarmadde kompleksleri üzerine tüm enzimlerin etkisi, doğal boyarmaddelerle hazırlanan substratlardan yün-lawson kompleksi en uygun, yün-quercetin kompleksleri de en uygun olmayan, sentetik boyarmaddelerle hazırlanan substratlardan yün-p. yellow en uygun, yün-p. blue ise en uygun olmayan substrat olduğu saptandı. Çözünür substratlar olarak hazırlanan kazein-boyarmadde kompleksleri üzerine subtilizin carlsberg, proteaz tip XVI, tripsin ve kimotripsinin katalitik etkinlikleri incelendi. Her bir enzim için belirlenen optimal koşullarında hazırlanan kazein-boyarmadde komplekslerinin artan derişimlerine bağlı olarak katalitik etkinlikleri incelendi. Bu verilerden yün-boyarmadde kompleksleri substrat olarak kullanıldığında elde edilen sonuçlara benzer sonuçlar kazein-boyarmadde kompleksleri için de eldeIll edildi. Substrat uygunluk sırası doğal boyarmaddelerle lawson, juglon, berberin, quercetin; sentetik boyarmaddelerle p. yellow, p. red, p. blue şeklinde olduğu Km ve kcat/Km değerlerinden görülebilir. Kazein-boyarmadde kompleksleriyle, yün- boyarmadde komplekslerinde olduğu gibi en düşük etkinlik subtilisin carlsberg için gözlendi. Sonuç olarak hazırlanan bütün komplekslerin kullanılan enzimler için substrat olarak kullanılabileceği görüldü. IV ABSTRACT In spite of protein and protein fragments (casein, pepton and etc.) are used widespread as a substrate for the proteolytic enzymes, the substrate prepared from dyes that adsorbed on appropriate material, such as wool and cotton are also used for enzymes activity determination. In the point of view of this thought, it was our aim to develop the substrates which are easily and economically obtainable and also environmental safer, for the frequently used proteolytic enzymes such as subtilisin carlsberg, trypsin, chymotrypsin and protease type XVII and if it is possible to prepare the specific substrate at least for one of this enzymes. For this aim, wool and casein were dyed with natural dyes such as juglone, lawsone, berberine and quercetine and synthetic dyes, P. Red, P. Blue and P. Yellow. Our finding imply that the enzymes used in this study were reversibly inhibited even at lowest concentration ( 1.10`2 M natural dyes and 1.10`9 g-mL`1 synthetic dye) of used natural and synthetic dyes. The effect of enzymes on prepared wool-dyes complex in the absence of sodiumbisulphite w ere i nvestigated. T he c atalytic a ctivity w as n ot o bserved for subtilisin carlsberg, trypsin and chymotrypsin. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was observed for the protease type XVII that is contain 5% of sodiumbisulphite. These findings lead us to believe that the catalytic activities of used e nzymes h ave b een c hanged i n t he p resence o f s odiumbisulpbite a t d ifferent ratio. The results indicate that the effect of all the tested enzymes on wool-dye complex as a insoluble subtrate, the most appropriate complex were found to be wool-lawsone complex that was prepared from the natural dyes and the most ^inappropriate complex was to be w ool-quercetin complex. On the other hand, the substrate prepared form synthetic dyes, the most appropriate complex was found to be wool-p. yellow and the most unappropriate complex was found to be wool-p.blue complex.The catalytic activities of subtilisin casrlsberg, protease type XVII, trypsin and chymotrypsin on casein-dye complexes that was prepared as a soluble substrate, were investigated. The catalytic activity of each enzymes was studied with the increase concentration of prepared casein-dyes complexes. These finding provide evidence that the results obtained with wool-dyes complexes as a substrate were similar to the results obtained from the casein-dye complexes. The appropriate order of substrate for natural and synthetic dyes can be seen by looking the values of Km and kcat/Km. These order were found to be L awsone, Juglone, Berberine and Quercetin for natural dyes and P. Yellow, P. Red and P. Blue for synthetic dyes. The lowest activity was observed for subtilisin carlsberg for the casein-dye complexes as seen in the wool-dye complexes. From our results, we suggest that all the prepared complexes can be used as a substrates for used enzymes. 176
- Published
- 2004
20. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum and Achillea species
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Barış, Deniz, Aytekin, Çetin, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, TR26539, and Barış, Deniz
- Subjects
Achillea ,Chemistry ,Hypericum ,Kimya - Abstract
11 ÖZET Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yetişen ve tıbbi önemi olabileceği düşünülen Hypericum retusum Aucher, Hypericum scabrum L., Hypericum lysimachioid.es Boiss.&Nöe var. lysimachioides, Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica, Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor., Achillea biebersteinii Afan. bitkilerinin ham halinin metanol, etanol ve su özütlerinin değişik mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve antioksidant aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Çalışılan bitki özütlerinin antimikrobiyal ve antifungal aktiviteleri disk diffüzyon yöntemi ile araştırıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan bitkilerin ham halinin etanol özütleri ile elde edilen zon çapları, test edilen mikroorganizmaların cinsine bağlı olarak bitkilerin bu mikroorganizmalann gelişmelerini farklı şiddetlerde etkilediğini ortaya koydu. Ayrıca EDTA şelatlayıcı etkisinden dolayı Gram-negatif bakterilerin hücre duvarının geçirgenliğini artırmaktadır. Bu özelliğinden yararlanarak bitkilerin EDTA eklenmiş stok çözeltilerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesine bakıldı. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bakterisi üzerinde EDTA eklenmiş stok bitki çözeltilerinden H. retusum ve A. aleppica subsp. aleppica' 'nın zon inhibisyonunu artırdığı, H. scabrum ve H. lysimachioides' İn değiştirmediği, A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri ve A. biebersteiniV nin zon inhibisyonunu azalttığı belirlendi. Bitkilerin ham halinin metanol ve su özütlerinin ise test edilen mikroorganizmalar üzerinde antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermediği belirlendi. Bitkilerin ham halinin etanol ve su özütlerinin antioksidant aktiviteleri DPPH radikalini söndürme yöntemi, metal şelaüama yöntemi ve toplam fenolik bileşen miktarını ölçme yöntemi ile belirlendi. 50-500 [Ag/rnL derişim aralığında H. retusum bitkisinin DPPH radikalini söndürme gücünün etanol özütünde % 67.40-% 85.00, su özütünde % 39.70-% 45.40 arasında, H. scabrum bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 88.70-% 92.60, su özütünde %50.90- %54.40 arasında, H. lysimachioides bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 90.00-% 94.20, su özütünde % 49.40-% 56.00 arasında, A. aleppica subsp. aleppica bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 67.80-% 89.80, su özütünde % 39.80-% 43.90 arasında, A. aleppica subsp.Ill zederbaueri bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 86.30-% 90.60, su özütünde % 37.80-% 47.60 arasında, A. biebersteinii bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 86.80-% 91.20, su özütünde %39.20-% 45.80 arasında olduğu tespit edildi. Metal şelatlama aktivitesinde bitkilerin ham halinin etanol ve su özütlerinin 4-9 4-9 Fe 'yi şelatlama gücüne bakıldı. Bitkilerin etanol ve su özütlerinin Fe -Ferrozin kompleks oluşumunu inhibe ettiği belirlendi. 0.1-0.6 mg/mL derişim aralığında H. retusum bitkisinin metal şelatlama kapasitesinin etanol özütünde % 18.60-% 28.40, su özütünde % 27.30-% 30.20 arasında, H. scabrum bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 18.30- %27.80, su özütünde % 29.20-% 31.00 arasında, H. lysimachioides bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 20.20-% 27.10, su özütünde % 29.10-% 30.00 arasında, A. aleppica subsp, aleppica bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 27.10-% 28.40, su özütünde % 27.30-% 29.10 arasında, A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri bitkisinin etanol özütünde % 27.90-% 29.90, su özütünde % 28.30-% 30.00 arasında, A. biebersteinii bitkisinin etanol özütünde %25.60-%28.70, su özütünde % 28.30-% 31.00 arasında olduğu tespit edildi. Fenolik bileşenler antioksidant aktivite gösteren moleküllerdir. Bitkilerin ham halinin etanol ve su özütlerinin içindeki toplam fenolik bileşen miktarı gallik asite ekivalent olarak hesaplandı. 1 mg bitki içindeki toplam fenolik bileşen miktarı H. retusum bitkisinin etanol özütünde 226.0 [ig, su özütünde 103.0 u.g, H. scabrum bitkisinin etanol özütünde 262.0 /xg, su özütünde 76.00 /ıg, H. lysimachioides bitkisinin etanol özütünde 266.0 u-g, su özütünde 132.0 /ıg, A. aleppica subsp. aleppica bitkisinin etanol özütünde 118.0 [ig, su özütünde 79.00 u.g,.A- aleppica subsp. zederbaueri bitkisinin etanol özütünde 126.0 u.g, su özütünde 71.00 [xg, A. biebersteinii bitkisinin etanol özütünde 134.0 u.g, su özütünde 52.00 [Ag gallik asite ekivalent olarak tespit edildi. IV ABSTRACT In this study, the antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of crude methanol, ethanol and water extracts of medicinally important plants Hypericum retusum Aucher, Hypericum scabrum L., Hypericum lysimachioides Boiss.&Nöe var. lysimachioides, Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica, Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor., Achillea biebersteinii Afan. belonging to Hypericum and Achillea family and growing in South East of Turkey were investigated. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of plants extracts were performed by disc diffusion assay against several bacteria. The results showed that the ethanolic crude extracts of all tested plant exhibited different activity against tested microorganisms. One of the recognised modes of action of EDTA is the disruption of the lipopolysaccharide structure in the outher membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Through this disruption the membrane becomes more permeable to other agents. Therefore the antimicrobial activities of the EDTA added crude extracts of all plants were also studied. It has been found that the zone diameter increased by the extract obtained from H. retusum and A. aleppica subsp. aleppica on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the zone diameter was not changed by the extracts of H. scabrum and H. lysimachioides. On the other hand the zone diameter was reduced by the extracts of A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri and A. biebersteinii. The crude methanol and water extracts of plants did not show any antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. The antioxidant activities of crude ethanol and water extracts of plants were evaluated by several in vitro systems, e.g. DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal chelating ativity and determination of total phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of H. retusum were found to be in the range of 67.40- 85.00 %, and 39.70-45.40 %, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 [Ag/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of H. scabrum were found to be in the range of 88.70-92.60 %, and 50.90-54.40 %, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 [xg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanoland water extracts of H. lysimachioides were found to be in the range of 90.00-94.20 %, and 49.40-56.00 %, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 /ig/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of A. aleppica subsp. aleppica were found to be in the range of 67.80-89.80 %, and 39.80- 43.90%, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 (xg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri were found to be in the range of 86.30-90.60 %, and 37.80-47.60%, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 [Ag/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of A. biebersteinii were found to be in the range of 86.80 %-91.20, and 39.20-45.80%, respectively, at the concentration range between 50-500 [xg/mL. In the metal chelating activity assay, the chelating ability of crude ethanol and water extracts of plants against Fe2+ were investigated. It has been found that the ethanol and water extracts of plants interfered with the formation of ferrous and ferrozine complex, suggesting that they have chelating activity and capture ferrous ion before ferrozine. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of H. reretusum were found to be in the range of 18.60-28.40 % and 27.30-30.20%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of H. scabrum were found to be in the range of 18.30-27.80 % and 29.20-31.00%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of if. lysimachioides were found to be in the range of 20.20-27.10% and 29.10-30.00%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of A. aleppica subsp. aleppica were found to be in the range of 27.10-28.40% and 27.30-29.10%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri were found to be in the range of 27.90-29.90% and 28.30-30.00%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL. The metal chelating capacity of crude ethanol and water extract of A. biebersteinii were found to be in the range of 25.60-28.70% and 28.30-31.00%, respectively, at the concentration range between 0.1-0.6 mg/mL.VI Phenols are very important plant constituents due to their radical scavenging ability. It is also known that the phenolic compounds shows antioxidant activity. The total phenolic compounds in the both ethanol and water extracts of tested plants were determined as a gallic acid equivalent. 226.0 and 103.0 [xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of H. retusum, respectively. 262.0 and 76.00 [xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of H. scabrum, respectively. 266.0 and 132.0 [xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of H. lysimachioides, respectively. 118.0 and 79.00 xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of A. aleppica subsp. aleppica, respectively. 126.0 and 71.00 xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri, respectively. 134.0 and 52.00 [xg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg of ethanol and water extracts of A. biebersteinii, respectively. 102
- Published
- 2004
21. The Effect of (H+) 0n alfa-amilase activity isolated from bacillus subtilis
- Author
-
Turmuş, Günay, Aytekin, Çetin, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, and Turmuş, Günay
- Subjects
Alfa amilaz ,Chemistry ,Alpha amylase ,Kimya ,Hidrojen ,Bacillus subtilis ,Hydrogen - Abstract
Lisansüstü tezlerin elektronik ortamda toplanması, düzenlenmesi ve erişime açılması konusuna ilişkin yök'ün 18.06.2018 tarihli yönergesine istinaden artık bu tarihten sonra gizlilik şartı aranmayan bütün tezler erişime açılacaktır. Bacillus subtilis 'ten izole edilen a-amilazın aktivitesi üzerine [H+] iyonlarının etkisi araştırıldı. Bu amaçla öncellikle enzim derişimi ve uygun inkübasyon süresi belirlenmeye çalışıldı. Sonuçta uygun enzim derişiminin 3.1 0-3 u.g/uL ve uygun inkübasyon süresinin 15 dakika olduğu saptandı. Uygun enzim derişiminde farklı pH'larda ve farklı substrat derişimlerinde her biri için ayrı ayrı olmak üzere enzim ön inkübasyonsuz ve enzim her bir pH'da tamponla 120 dakikalık ön inkübasyonundan sonra optimal pH değerleri tayin edildi. Her iki koşulda da optimal pH'nın 7.12 olduğu saptandı. Enzim stabilitesi üzerine pH'nın etkisini incelemek üzere enzim, sabit substrat derişiminde ([S]: 2.52 u.g/uL) daha önce saptanan optimal pH'da 120 dakikalık ön inkübasyona tabi tutuldu. pHı=pKa=6.15 ve pH2=pKb=8.68 ve optimal pH=7.415 olarak bulundu. Farklı pH'larda Michaelis-Menten kinetiği çalışılarak enzim için Km değerleri (4.898; 4.7311; 5.004; 1.4615; 0.2483; 1.6666 ug/uL) ve Vmax değerleri (2.023; 2.43 1; 2.542; 0.952; 0.1 17; 0.438 umol/dak.) bulundu. Oligomerik yapıdaki enzimlerin makromoleküler yapıdaki substratlarla Tippon, Dixon ve Webb teorilerini doğrulamakta uygun modeller olmadıkları kanısını uyandırdı. The effect of [KT] ions on a-amylase activity which was isolated from Bacillus subtilis was investigated. We first tried to determine the appropriate enzyme concentration and incubation time. Results obtained showed that appropriate enzyme concentration is 3.10"3 jig/uL and appropriate incubation time is 15 minutes. Optimal pH value was determined in appropriate enzyme concentration, different pH values and substrate concentrations both with pre-incubation for 120 minutes and without pre-incubation. Optimal pH was found to be 7.12 in both conditions. To examine the effect of pH on enzyme stability, the enzyme was pre- incubated for 120 minutes in constant substrate concentration ([S]: 2.52 ug/uL) and in previously obtanied pH value. pHi=pHa, pH2=pHb And optimal pH values were found to be 6.15, 8.68 and 7.415_respectively. Km and Vmax values for the enzyme were found by using Michaelis-Menten kinetics in different pH values KM 4.898; 4.7311; 5.004; 1.4615; 0.2483; 1.6666 and Vmax 2.023; 2.431; 2.542; 0.952; 0.117; 0.438 Tippon, Dixon and Webb theories can not be applied to a system contains an oligomeric enzyme and a substrate in a macromolecular structure.
- Published
- 1998
22. Subtilizin kinetiği ve etilmetan sülfonatın sporlaşma üzerine etkisi
- Author
-
Kaya, Zübeyde, Aytekin, Çetin, and Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Ethyl methane sulphonate ,Sporulation ,Kimya ,Bacillus subtilis ,Enzymes - Abstract
Ill ÖZET Bu çalışmada koyun, keçi inek ve manda gibi farklı tür hayvanların sütlerinden saflaştırılan kazeinler B. subtîlis türlerinden saflaştırılmış ve ticari olarak sağlanan subtilizin için substrat olarak kullanıldı. Spektrofotometrik olarak tayin edilen K^, ve Vmax değerleri, inek sütünden saflaştırılan kazeinlerin diğerlerine nazaran daha iyi bir substrat olduğunu gösterdi. Ulaşılan bu sonuçlar ile kazeinlerin Ca2+ ve (PO4)3- içerikleri arasında bir ilişki kurulmaya çalışıldı. Diğerlerine nazaran Ca2+ ve (PO4)3- oranının inek kazeininde en düşük değere sahip olması, bu iyonların proteine kazandırdıkları rijit yapı nedeniyle enzim-substrat etkileşmesinde etken oldukları kanısını uyandırmaktadır. Enzim için azokol, azokazein ve farklı kaynaklı kazeinler substrat olarak kullanılıp yapılan aktivite tayinlerinden inek kazeininin daha iyi bir substrat olduğu saptandı. Enzim-substrat inkübasyon ortamına uygun derişimlerde tirozin, triptofan, fenol, sistein, etilmetan sülfonat (EMS) ve Hg2+ ve Cu2+ gibi metal iyonlarının farklı tuzlan ilave edilerek kinetik etkileri incelendi. Elde edilen sonuçlardan inkübasyon ortamına ilave edilen bu bileşiklerin yarışmalı bir inhibisyona yol açtıkları saptandı.IV Ayrıca subtilizinin sporlaşma aşamasında salgılanıp salgılanmadığını ve proteaz inhibitörlerinin bakterilerde sporlaşmayı da inhibe edip etmediğini belirlemek için B. subtilis uygun derişimde EMS ile Spinzer besi yerinde 37 °C de 10, 15 ve 20 saat inkübasyona bırakılıp üretildi. Yapılan aktivite tayinlerinde EMS' li kültürlerde subtilizin aktivitesinin kontrolden daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Aynı örneklerin Müzereli Spor Boyası ile boyanması sonucu mikroskop altında elde edilen görüntüler ile kontrolde hiç spor gözlenmezken, EMS' li kültürlerde spor oluştuğu sonucuna varıldı. Bu sonuç subtilizinin sporlaşma aşamasında salgılandığı görüşü ile ve proteaz inhibitörlerinin sporlaşmayı inhibe ettiği görüşü ile de çelişmektedir. EMS' nin bu etkisini belki nükleik asitlerle olan etkileşmesinde aramak ve bu doğrultuda çalışmalar yapmayı gerektirmektedir. ABSTRACT in this study casein was purified from sheep, goat, cow and water buffalo milk and used as a substrate for purified preparation of Bacillus subtilis subtilisin. On the basis of Km and Vmax value we can say that cow milk casein is the best substrate for the enzyme compared to other animals milk casein. On the other hand we have investigated the possible relationship between the Ca2+ and (PO^3- content of casein and the casein appropriate for the enzyme. The cow milk casein with lower most Ca^/CPO^3- ratio suggest that these ions may have an influence on enzyme-substrate interaction. Azocoll, azocaseine and the caseins from different sources have been used as a substrate for the enzyme, and among these the cow casein was found to be the best substrate. Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenol, cysteine, ethylmethane sulphonate and different salts of Hg2+ and Cu2+ was added to the enzyme-substrate medium in appropriate concentrations to investigate their kinetic effects. These compounds added to incubation medium were found to cause a competetive inhibition.VI Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis was incubated at 37 °C for 10, 1 5 and 20 hours in Spinzer medium containing appropriate amounts of EMS to determine whether subtilisin is excreted, or whether protease inhibitors inhibit the spor formation in bacteria. Following the activity determination results, subtilisin activity in EMS medium was found to be lower than that of control. Spore staining of the same samples and examination under microscope show that the spore formation occurs in EMS cultures, but not in controls. These results disagree with the opinions that the subtilisin is excreted during the sporulation and that protease inhibitors inhibit the sporulation.This effect of EMS might be due to an interaction with nucleic acids, and the future work should focus on this direction. 60
- Published
- 1996
23. Bakteriyel α - Amilaz’ın aktivitesi üzerine işlevleri farklı bazı faktörlerin etkisi incelenmesi
- Author
-
Gülsün, Işıl, Aytekin, Çetin, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, and Gülsün, Işıl
- Subjects
Amilazlar ,Enzimler ,Amylases ,Taç eterler ,Crown ethers ,Enzymes - Abstract
Ca2+ iyonunun, bir taraftan biyolojik aktivite için a-amilazın uygun konfigürasyonunu devam ettirmek, diğer yandan ikinci ve üçüncül yapısına kararlılık kazandırmak gibi fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip olduğu, başta EDTA olmak üzere şelat bileşikleri S. subtilis'ten izole edilen a-amilazın aktivitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın birinci aşamasında halkalı makro eterlerden 18.Taç.6 Eterin B.subtilis'ten izole edilen a-amilazın aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisi incelendi. a-Amilaz'ın prostetik grubunu oluşturan ve bu enzimin aktivite göstermesi için belli bir oranda bulunması gereken Ca2+ iyonlarının, 18.Taç.6 ile iyon-dipol etkileşmesi sonucu uzaklaştırabileceği ve böylece enzimin aktivitesinde bir azalma gözlenmesi beklenirken, tam tersine çoğu halde, kontrole rağmen aktivitede bir artma saptandı. Bu olgunun, taç eter etkisiyle Ca2+ iyonlarının a-amilazın yapısına kazandırdığı rijitliğin yumuşatıldığı, böylece enzim-substrat kompleksinin oluşma olasılığını artırdığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. İkinci aşamada, benzer etkiyi incelemek üzere değişik taç eterler kullanıldı. Kullanılan taç eterlerin, değişik derişimlerdeki sulu çözelti leriyle farklı sürelerde ön inkübasyona tabi tutulan enzimin aktivitesinde anlamlı değişiklikler gözlenmedi. Aynı deneyler dioksan-su çözücü sistemindeki taç eterler ile yapıldığında, özellikle 18.Taç.6 eterli ortamda enzimin aktivitesini büyük oranda yitirdiği saptandı. Bu sonuç, aprotik çözücü ortamında taç eterlerin, Ca2+ iyonuyla kompleks yapması ile açıklanabilir. IV Çalışmamızın son bölümünün amacı, 2450 MHz' te mikrodalganın oc-amilaz aktivitesi üzerine etkisini incelemektir, a-amilaz'ın aktivitesi Bernfeld metoduyla tespit edildi. Düşük güç yoğunluğunda ve uygulanan kısa periyot süresinde a-amilaz aktivitesinde artış gözlendi. Diğer yandan, a-amilaz'ın aktivitesi, mikrodalganın güç yoğunluğu ve uygulanan zamana bağlı olarak kayboldu. Biz bu sonuçları, Ca-C ve Ca-N bağlarının çevresindeki değişen rotasyonlardan orjinini alan proteinin üçüncül yapısının deformasyonu ile açıklayabiliriz. Ca2+ performs a dual function: on the one hand, it maintains the protein in the proper configuration for biological activity; on the other hand, it stabilizes the secondary and tertiary structure, thus conferring to a-amylase molecule its compact architecture. The stability of a-amylase from B.subtilis undergo rapid inactivation in the presence of chelating agent espacially EDTA. In first stage our study's; the catalitic properties of a-amylase from B. subtilis has been studied during 18.Crown.6 as a weak chelation compound for removal calcium ion of this enzyme by chelation. On the contrary, It was observed that 18.Crown.6 increased a-amylase activity in a lot of cases according to control. This result suggests that dipol-ion interaction between 18. Crown.6 and Ca2+ bounded a-amylase, bring in an elasticity to a-amylase structure. Thus, ability of enzyme substrate complex formation was promoted. In second stage our study's; different crown ethers were used for examine like effect. It was observed that, the activity of a-amylase in different concentrations of these crown ethers with different prior incubation period in water did not varies greatly according to control. Same experiments established with dioxan-water solvent system. In this environment enzyme inactivated depend on preincubation period particularly by 18.Crown.6 ether. We can explain this result as the formation of strongly crown ethers Ca2+ complex in aprotic solvent medium. VI However, in our opinion, a little increasing enzyme activity without crown ethers in dioxan-water mixture (untill 50%, v/v) is originated from allosteric effect of dioxan molecules. The aim in final stage of our study is to investigate the effects of 2450 MHz microwave on the activity of a-amylase. Activity of enzyme was determined by Bernfeld method. It was observed that a-amylase lost its activity depend on exposure time and power density of microwave. We can explain these results with deformation tertiary structure of protein which originated from changing rotation surrounding Ca-C and Ca-N bonds. However determined protein quantity and electrophoretic bond profiles showed that protein chains were broken by microwave depend on level.
- Published
- 1994
24. Bakteriyel Alfa-Amilaz'ın aktivitesi üzerine işlevleri farklı bazı faktörlerin etkisinin incelenmesi
- Author
-
Gülsün, Işil, Aytekin, Çetin, and Diğer
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Amylases ,Crown ethers ,Kimya ,Enzymes - Abstract
Ill 2.1. ÖZET Ca2+ iyonunun, bir taraftan biyolojik aktivite için a-amilazın uygun konfigürasyonunu devam ettirmek, diğer yandan ikinci ve üçüncül yapısına kararlılık kazandırmak gibi fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip olduğu, başta EDTA olmak üzere şelat bileşikleri S. subtilis'ten izole edilen a-amilazın aktivitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın birinci aşamasında halkalı makro eterlerden 18.Taç.6 Eterin B.subtilis'ten izole edilen a-amilazın aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisi incelendi. a-Amilaz'ın prostetik grubunu oluşturan ve bu enzimin aktivite göstermesi için belli bir oranda bulunması gereken Ca2+ iyonlarının, 18.Taç.6 ile iyon-dipol etkileşmesi sonucu uzaklaştırabileceği ve böylece enzimin aktivitesinde bir azalma gözlenmesi beklenirken, tam tersine çoğu halde, kontrole rağmen aktivitede bir artma saptandı. Bu olgunun, taç eter etkisiyle Ca2+ iyonlarının a-amilazın yapısına kazandırdığı rijitliğin yumuşatıldığı, böylece enzim-substrat kompleksinin oluşma olasılığını artırdığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. İkinci aşamada, benzer etkiyi incelemek üzere değişik taç eterler kullanıldı. Kullanılan taç eterlerin, değişik derişimlerdeki sulu çözelti leriyle farklı sürelerde ön inkübasyona tabi tutulan enzimin aktivitesinde anlamlı değişiklikler gözlenmedi. Aynı deneyler dioksan-su çözücü sistemindeki taç eterler ile yapıldığında, özellikle 18.Taç.6 eterli ortamda enzimin aktivitesini büyük oranda yitirdiği saptandı. Bu sonuç, aprotik çözücü ortamında taç eterlerin, Ca2+ iyonuyla kompleks yapması ile açıklanabilir.IV Çalışmamızın son bölümünün amacı, 2450 MHz' te mikrodalganın oc-amilaz aktivitesi üzerine etkisini incelemektir, a-amilaz'ın aktivitesi Bernfeld metoduyla tespit edildi. Düşük güç yoğunluğunda ve uygulanan kısa periyot süresinde a-amilaz aktivitesinde artış gözlendi. Diğer yandan, a-amilaz'ın aktivitesi, mikrodalganın güç yoğunluğu ve uygulanan zamana bağlı olarak kayboldu. Biz bu sonuçları, Ca-C ve Ca-N bağlarının çevresindeki değişen rotasyonlardan orjinini alan proteinin üçüncül yapısının deformasyonu ile açıklayabiliriz. 2.2. SUMMARY Ca2+ performs a dual function: on the one hand, it maintains the protein in the proper configuration for biological activity; on the other hand, it stabilizes the secondary and tertiary structure, thus conferring to a-amylase molecule its compact architecture. The stability of a-amylase from B.subtilis undergo rapid inactivation in the presence of chelating agent espacially EDTA. In first stage our study's; the catalitic properties of a-amylase from B. subtilis has been studied during 18.Crown.6 as a weak chelation compound for removal calcium ion of this enzyme by chelation. On the contrary, It was observed that 18.Crown.6 increased a-amylase activity in a lot of cases according to control. This result suggests that dipol-ion interaction between 18. Crown.6 and Ca2+ bounded a-amylase, bring in an elasticity to a-amylase structure. Thus, ability of enzyme substrate complex formation was promoted. In second stage our study's; different crown ethers were used for examine like effect. It was observed that, the activity of a-amylase in different concentrations of these crown ethers with different prior incubation period in water did not varies greatly according to control. Same experiments established with dioxan-water solvent system. In this environment enzyme inactivated depend on preincubation period particularly by 18.Crown.6 ether. We can explain this result as the formation of strongly crown ethers Ca2+ complex in aprotic solvent medium.VI However, in our opinion, a little increasing enzyme activity without crown ethers in dioxan-water mixture (untill 50%, v/v) is originated from allosteric effect of dioxan molecules. The aim in final stage of our study is to investigate the effects of 2450 MHz microwave on the activity of a-amylase. Activity of enzyme was determined by Bernfeld method. It was observed that a-amylase lost its activity depend on exposure time and power density of microwave. We can explain these results with deformation tertiary structure of protein which originated from changing rotation surrounding Ca-C and Ca-N bonds. However determined protein quantity and electrophoretic bond profiles showed that protein chains were broken by microwave depend on level. 50
- Published
- 1994
25. Mikrodalgalanın Bacillus subtilis ve Escherichia coli kız susu üzerindeki etkisinin elektroforetik incelenmesi
- Author
-
Kizil, Murat, Aytekin, Çetin, and Diğer
- Subjects
Biyokimya ,Biochemistry - Abstract
71
- Published
- 1991
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