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Microbiota composition may play a role in the development, prognosis, or post-infection of COVID-19. There are studies evaluating the microbiota composition at the time of diagnosis and during the course of COVID-19, especially in adults, while studies in children are limited and no study available in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study was planned to compare intestinal microbiota composition in children diagnosed with MIS-C and acute COVID-19 infection with healthy children. In this prospective multicenter study, 25 children diagnosed with MIS-C, 20 with COVID-19 infection, and 19 healthy children were included. Intestinal microbiota composition was evaluated by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. We observed changes of diversity, richness, and composition of intestinal microbiota in MIS-C cases compared to COVID-19 cases and in the healthy controls. The Shannon index was higher in the MIS-C group than the healthy controls (p

Objective: We assessed our knowledge about the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, laboratory/ radiological findings, and outcomes of hospitalized children with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted on 54 children with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from March 16, 2020, to April 26, 2020, in the Pediatric Department at Sancaktepe Training &Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey. Results: The median age of our patients was 121.5 months (range 1-214 months), of the 54 hospitalized children, 48.1 % (n=26) were female, and 51.9% (n=28) were male. The most common symptom was cough (n=24, 44.4%). The median duration of hospitalization was five days (range 1-13 days). According to the PCR test results, 24 (44.4%) patients werepositive, and 30 (55.6%) were negative. Among 54 children, white-cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were significantly lower, and CRP levels were significantly higher in PCR negative patients. Computed tomography was performed in 26 children, and 19(73.1%) CT scans were consistent with classic/probable/indeterminate COVID-19 predominant patterns. Oxygen requirement was significantly higher in our PCR negative patients. Conclusion: As a result of the low sensitivity of PCR test results, clinicians should consider clinical signs and symptoms in deciding on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

Background The diagnostic and treatment strategies for children are limited because of the small number of children with COVID-19. A large proportion of infected children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. We report our experience regarding clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiologic findings, and outcomes of children with COVID-19. Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study was conducted on children with COVID-19. The data on epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory, and radiologic findings of patients were extracted from the hospital information management system records, and patients' forms filled upon admission. Results The median age of children was 121 months, 46.8% of the patients were females and 53.2% were males. Of the 581 children assessed, a total of 222 (38.2%) had positive test results; 69 of them (31.1%) were asymptomatic. The median absolute lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were statistically significantly lower in symptomatic children (p = 0.001; p = 0.02). Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was statistically significantly higher in the symptomatic children (p = 0.001). Of 72 computed tomography scans, 35 (48.6%) were normal, and only 29 (40%) were consistent with classic/probable/indeterminate COVID-19 predominant pattern. Conclusion Our results showed a few laboratory abnormalities in asymptomatic polymerase chain reaction positive children; therefore, unnecessary investigation might be avoided and clinicians should consider clinical symptoms.

Amaç: Çocuk COVID-19 olgularının akciğer tomografi, laboratuar ve klinik özelliklerini karşılaştırarak, akciğer BT’sinin tanı ve tedavideki önemini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Mart 2020- Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında çocuk kliniğimizde COVID-19 şüphesi ile izlenen 45 çocuk hastanın klinik ve radyolojik bulguları , hastanemizin elektronik kayıt sisteminden elde edilerek değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Olguların 24’ü kız, 21’i erkek ve ortanca yaş 177 aydı. Otuz iki hastanın RT-PCRsonucu pozitif, 13 hastanın negatifti. En sık görülen semptom öksürük (%87) idi. Hastaların 33’ünde temas öyküsü vardı. Olguların 30’unda COVID-19 u düşündüren göğüs BT bulguları vardı. RT-PCR sonuçları ile akciğer BT bulguları arasında anlamlı ilişki yoktu. Akciğer BT derecelendirmesi ile CRP arasında arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p< 0.01).Sonuç: Çalışmamızda çocuk olgularda göğüs BT’sinin, tanı koymada ve tedavi planlanmasında herhangi bir üstünlüğü olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çocuklardan göğüs BT isterken radyasyonun olası hasarları düşünülerek klinik gereklilik göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır., Objective: We aimed to investigate the importance of chest CT in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with COVID-19 by comparing chest CT, laboratory, and clinical features. Materials and Methods: The clinical and image findings of 45 children with suspected COVID-19 , addmited to our pediatric clinic between March and April ,2020 were obtained from hospital electronic records. Results: The median age of children was 177 months, while 24 of the patients were female and 21 were male. RT-PCR results of 32 children were positive and of 13 were negative. The most common symptom was cough (87%). Thirty-three of the patients had a history of contact with an infected person. Chest CT images of the 30 cases suggested COVID-19. There was no significant relationship between RT-PCR results and chest CT findings. A significant correlation was found between chest CT severity and CRP (p

Objective: The aim of our study is to present the association between respiratory system disorders and gastrointestinal system involvement through showing that pediatric COVİD 19 patients can only display gastrointestinal symptoms. Materials and Methods: Three hundered COVID-19 patients between 1-18 years of age were included into the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to symptoms which are classified gastrointestinal, respiratory and gastrointestinal and respiratory groups. Diagnosis of COVID-19 were made by PCR testing. In patients with negative PCR testing, diagnosis was made according to clinical symptoms and contact history. Patients were analyzed in terms of demographic features, laboratory and imaging findings. Results: There were 300 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. PCR testing was positive in 129 of 300 children. All patients with only gastrointestinal symptoms had close contact history, 24 of 58 patients had PCR positivity (41.3%) and in 7 patients (12%), chest X- Ray findings were compatible with COVID-19. Two of 7 patients had negative PCR testing. Median NRL and CRP was higher in gastrointestinal group than respiratory group (p=0.034, p=0.028 respectively). Conclusions: Patients with gastrointestinal symptom and negative PCR testing should be evaluated carefully for early respiratory involvement without symptoms.

Introduction and aim:Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin has been increasingly used for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, in both children and adults. Drugs are generally well tolerated in clinical practice; however, both can cause corrected QT prolongation. We aimed to report our experience of QT interval evaluation associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine with concurrent azithromycin among children testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:Our single-centre; retrospective, study evaluated children with coronavirus disease 2019 disease admitted to the Pediatric Department at Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey from 10 March, 2020 to 10 April, 2020. The data including demographics, clinical symptoms, co-morbid diseases, laboratory, radiological findings as well as electrocardiographs of the patients were obtained from our records. Electrocardiograms were evaluated before, one day after and at the termination of the treatment.Results:21 patients aged 9 to 18 years were evaluated. The median age was 170 months (range 112–214), 51.1% of them were girls and 48.9% were boys. Their laboratory results did not reveal any abnormalities. None of them needed intensive care. We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment.Conclusion:We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment in our patients due to the fact that they were not severely affected by the disease. Patients were treated in our inpatient clinic and none of them required intensive care. Laboratory results were also insignificant. Furthermore, they did not need other medications.

Amaç:Çocukluk çağının en savunmasız dönemlerinden biri de yenidoğan dönemidir. Çalışmamızda çocuk acil servisine getirilen yenidoğan bebeklerin başvuru nedenleri ile izlem özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntemler:01.09.2018-01.09.2019 tarihleri arasında İstanbul Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Sancaktepe Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi çocuk acil servisine başvuran yenidoğanların bilgileri hastane veri tabanından alınarak retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru nedeni, başvuru zamanı ve klinik seyirleri değerlendirildi.Bulgular:İncelenen 12 aylık süreçte çocuk acile başvuran hasta sayısı 209.030 idi. Yenidoğanlar (0-28 gün) bu başvuruların %1,54’sini (3.225) oluşturuyordu. Vakaların en sık başvuru yaşının %63,94 (2062) ile 7-28 günler arasında olduğu görüldü. Hasta yenidoğanların %46,96 (1.514) si kız, %53,04 (1.710) ü erkekti. Sarılık %37 (1.193) oranla en sık başvuru nedeniydi. En fazla başvuru Ağustos ayında (%13,28 428 hasta) ile olduğu görüldü. Hastaların %89,61’i (2.890) ayaktan, %10,39’i (334) yatırılarak izlendi. Bu dönemde acil serviste exitus kabul edilen veya kaybedilen yenidoğan olmadı. Sonuç:Ülkemizde yenidoğanlar çocuk acil başvurularının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde çoğu başvurunun normal sağlıklı yenidoğan bebekler olduğu görülmüştür. Ailelere doğum öncesi ve perinatal dönemde eğitim verilmesinin gereksiz başvuru sayısını azaltması yanında ciddi bulguları olan bebeklerin erken başvurusunun sağlanmasında önemli olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Bu değerlendirme aynı zamanda çocuk acil servislerinde çalışan sağlık personeline de yol gösterici olabilir.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is, by comparing cardiac parameters between children native to 1890 metres with children living at sea level, to find out whether there is any impairment in cardiac function related to that altitude.MethodsElectrocardiographic, conventional, and tissue Doppler echocardiographic parameters were compared in 42 healthy children native to 1890 metres, and in 21 healthy age and gender matched children living at sea level. Plasma haemoglobin level and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxymeter were also obtained from all patients.ResultsHaemoglobin levels were higher, and oxygen saturation levels were lower in children native to 1890 metres. Conventional echocardiographic parameters and mitral annular myocardial parameters were all similar between children native to 1890 metres and children living at sea level. Tricuspid lateral annular early diastolic velocity and the ratio of early-to-late diastolic velocity were significantly lower and tricuspid lateral annular izovolumetric relaxation time was significantly higher in children native to 1890 metres than children living at sea level.ConclusionChildren living at 1890 metres of altitude predispose to asymptomatic right ventricular diastolic dysfunction or otherwise they remain as healthy children.