25 results on '"Ayrle, H."'
Search Results
2. Requirement recommendations for riboflavin in organic broilers
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Leiber, F., Quander-Stoll, N., Ayrle, H., Amsler, Z., Maurer, V., Leopold, J., Damme, K., and Lambertz, C.
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Feeding and growth ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,Health and welfare ,Poultry - Abstract
GMO-free riboflavin is required for organic broiler diets. Currently it is produced by only one German manufacturer at high price. The recommended dosages are based on outdated studies, and current studies are rare. Due to high costs of GMO-free produced riboflavin, an accurate assessment of the requirement in poultry is of economic relevance. Furthermore, specific requirement recommendations for organic poultry do not exist. In the organic sector, slowgrowing genotypes are used and diet composition partly differs from conventional systems. Both may influence riboflavin requirements. Four trials with riboflavin supplementations between 3.3 and 9.6 mg/kg feed DM in one- to three-phase feeding were conducted to identify the essential minimum amount of riboflavin supplements. The riboflavin source used was a GMO-free yeast strain (Ashbya gossypii). Across all experiments, the lowest dosages (2.5; 3.3; 3.5 mg/kg) resulted in lower performances and partly deficiency symptoms. Supplementation of 4.5 mg/kg feed DM was found to be a safe lower threshold. It was shown that an adequate supply is particularly important in the first phase of life, as certain early performance deficits cannot be compensated subsequently. A three-phase dosage gradation of 6.37; 5.28; 4.22 mg/kg for starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively, proved to be particularly suitable for generating best performance (feed conversion and efficiency). In conclusion, a general minimal supplementation of 4.5 mg/kg feed DM (as compared to 8-10 mg/kg starter feed and 6-8 mg/kg finisher feed currently used in the EU) is recommended for slow-growing broiler chicken in organic agriculture. Phase grading can improve efficient riboflavin use. Furthermore, the use of riboflavin-rich feed components such as yeast, whey and milk powder, alfalfa meal and grass meal or silages is recommended for on-farm feed mixtures.
- Published
- 2021
3. Riboflavin requirements in organic poultry: graded supplementation to layers and parent hens
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Leiber, F., Amsler, Z., Leubin, M., Baki, C., Eppenstein, R.C., Lambertz, C., Maurer, V., and Ayrle, H.
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Feeding and growth ,Poultry - Abstract
Added riboflavin (vitamin B2) in organic animal feeding needs to originate from GMO-free fermentation. This makes the process much more expensive compared to GMO-based riboflavin. Therefore, the level of supplementation matters from an economic point of view. Requirement definitions for B-vitamins are generally based on older empirical data and have never been defined for specific organic conditions. Two experiments (LAYERS and PARENTS) were conducted to test graded dosages of riboflavin in feeds for hens, in order to define safe lower thresholds of supplementation. The experiment LAYERS included 135 Lohmann Brown Classic laying hens. They were allocated to nine groups and supplemented with either 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mg riboflavin/kg fresh matter (FM) feed (L1.5, L3.0, L4.5). In PARENTS, 10 groups of 10 parent Hubbard JA 57 hens and one Hubbard S77 cockerel each were allocated to riboflavin supplementation of either 2.5 or 4.0 mg/kg FM feed (P2.5, P4.0). LAYERS lasted for 18 weeks; data for PARENTS are from 14 weeks (ongoing). Hens were fed ad libitum and housing conditions were according to organic standards. Realised total riboflavin concentrations in the feeds (including native riboflavin from feed components) were 5.0, 4.5, and 3.0 mg/kg FM for L4.5, L3.0, and L1.5, respectively, and 8.0 and 6.0 mg/kg FM for P4.0 and P2.5. In both experiments (18 weeks for LAYERS, 14 weeks for PARENTS), no treatment effects on feed consumption, body weight, laying performance, eggshell strength and yolk colour as well as plumage and keel bone integrity scores occurred. Symptoms of lameness were not observed at all. Riboflavin concentration in egg yolk was in the range of 0.55 to 0.65 mg/100 g yolk for all treatments in both experiments without treatment effects, except for L1.5, where it dropped to 0.4 in week 18 (P
- Published
- 2020
4. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in postweaning pigs – a placebo controlled study
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Ayrle, H, additional, Nathues, H, additional, Bieber, A, additional, Quander, N, additional, Durrer, M, additional, Mevissen, M, additional, and Walkenhorst, M, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effects of oral administered garic on postweaning pig's health and performance
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Ayrle, H., Nathues, H., Bieber, A., Mevissen, M., Walkenhorst, M., and Maeschli, A.
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stomatognathic diseases ,Feeding and growth ,Pigs ,Health and welfare - Abstract
Effects of oral administered garic on postweaning pig's health and performance.
- Published
- 2019
6. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in postweaning pigs – a placebo controlled study
- Author
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Ayrle, H., Nathues, H., Bieber, A., Quander, N., Durrer, M., Mevissen, M., Walkenhorst, M., Ayrle, H., Nathues, H., Bieber, A., Quander, N., Durrer, M., Mevissen, M., and Walkenhorst, M.
- Abstract
Postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) is one of the most serious problems in pig production, leading to a high antimicrobial use. Preventive oral administration of Allium sativum L. (AS, garlic) represents an option to reduce antimicrobial medication by improving health and performance in postweaning pigs. A trial was conducted on a commercial Swiss farm [1]. Six-hundred piglets were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. For the first two weeks post weaning, the piglets received orally 0.3 g dried AS-powder/kg body weight/day, 6 mg colistin-sulphate/kg body weight /day or a placebo (PL). Piglets were observed until the end of the third week post weaning. For the time of the study, daily weight gain (DWG) was measured weekly on individual basis. Data were analysed using generalized mixed effect models. DWG of placebo-treated piglets was significantly lower compared to AS (61 g; p=0.008) and colistin-treated piglets (61 g; p=0.001) on the third week post weaning [Fig. 1]. Due to severe diarrhoea, three out of nine (33%) of AS and the placebo pens were treated with antibiotics. In conclusion, oral administration of dried AS-powder does not prevent severe PWD but improves the growing performance compared to placebo. Thus, AS contributes to limiting the use of antimicrobials to strictly therapeutic indications.
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- 2019
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7. betere gezondheid en welzijn voor varkens : handboek voor biologische varkenshouders
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Holinger, M., Ayrle, H., Bochicchio, D., Butler, G., Dippel, S., Edwards, S., Holmes, D., Illmann, G., Leeb, C., Maupertuis, F., Melisová, M., Prunier, A., Rousing, T., Rudolph, G., Früh, B., Holinger, M., Ayrle, H., Bochicchio, D., Butler, G., Dippel, S., Edwards, S., Holmes, D., Illmann, G., Leeb, C., Maupertuis, F., Melisová, M., Prunier, A., Rousing, T., Rudolph, G., and Früh, B.
- Abstract
Dit handboek is ontworpen om boeren te ondersteunen in hun dagelijkse werk om gezonde varkens te houden en om mogelijke symptomen vroegtijdig te herkennen. Zo wordt dierenleed voorkomen.
- Published
- 2019
8. Online-Informationssystem für die Phytotherapie bei Tieren
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Kupper, Jacqueline, Walkenhorst, M, Ayrle, H, Mevissen, Meike, Demuth, Daniel, Naegeli, Hanspeter, University of Zurich, and Kupper, Jacqueline
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herbal drug ,3400 General Veterinary ,Tiere ,drogues végétales ,banca dati ,plantes médicinales ,farmaco vegetale ,informazioni ,medicinal plant ,animaux ,Phytotherapie ,informations ,banque de données ,pflanzliche Droge ,phytothérapie ,information ,database ,General Veterinary ,Informationen ,Datenbank ,phytotherapy ,Pflanzendroge ,10079 Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology ,pianta medicinale ,animals ,Arzneipflanze ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,animali ,fitoterapia - Published
- 2018
9. Online-Informationssystem für die Phytotherapie bei Tieren
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Kupper, J., Walkenhorst, M., Ayrle, H., Mevissen, M., and Demuth, D.
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Education, extension and communication ,Health and welfare - Abstract
Die Phytotherapie gewinnt auch in der Veterinärmedizin zunehmend an Beliebtheit. Um das therapeutische Potenzial der Arzneipflanzen auszuschöpfen und deren sicheren Einsatz zu gewährleisten, bedarf es aber besonderer Kenntnisse der wirksamen Pflanzenteile beziehungsweise Zubereitungen. Unsachgemässe Anwendungen und Überdosierungen von Arzneipflanzen können toxisch sein. Deshalb haben wir mit www.phytoarznei.ch eine Entscheidungshilfe geschaffen, die online einen raschen Zugriff auf das aktuelle Wissen zu Arzneipflanzen und deren Gebrauch bei Tieren erlaubt. Dieses Informationssystem basiert auf der verfügbaren Fachliteratur, die nach kritischer Auswertung in eine strukturierte Datenbank eingebracht wurde. Für jede Arzneipflanze beziehungsweise pflanzliche Droge sind therapeutische Indikationen, Anwendungsarten, organoleptische Eigenschaften, Inhaltsstoffe, pharmakologische Wirkungen, Dosierungen, Behandlungsdauer, Toxizität, gesetzliche Vorschriften bei Nutztieren sowie Dopingrelevanz aufgeführt. Zwei Suchprogramme gewährleisten einen benutzerfreundlichen Zugang, entweder durch die Eingabe des Pflanzennamens, des Drogennamens bzw. der Inhaltsstoffe der Pflanze in einem Suchfeld oder durch die Auswahl der gewünschten Tierspezies sowie therapeutischen Anwendung aus entsprechenden Dropdown-Listen. Diese Datenbank zu Arzneipflanzen ist mit der Giftpflanzendatenbank der Universität Zürich und, falls entsprechende Fertigpräparate vorliegen, mit dem Schweizerischen Tierarzneimittelkompendium sowie einem Verzeichnis von Veterinärprodukten verknüpft.
- Published
- 2018
10. Online information system for phytotherapy in animals
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Kupper, J, primary, Walkenhorst, M, additional, Ayrle, H, additional, Mevissen, M, additional, Demuth, D, additional, and Naegeli, H, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Recent challenges in veterinary pharmacotherapy – could medicinal plants be an option?
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Naegeli, H, additional, Mevissen, M, additional, Walkenhorst, M, additional, Ayrle, H, additional, and Kupper, J, additional
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- 2017
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12. Allium sativum L. for prophylaxis of diarrhea in weaned piglets – how to find the right dosage?
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Ayrle, H, additional, Nathues, H, additional, Mevissen, M, additional, and Walkenhorst, M, additional
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- 2017
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13. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench for prophylaxis of respiratory disease in calves – How to find the right dosage?
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Ayrle, H, additional, Mevissen, M, additional, Melzig, M, additional, Kaske, M, additional, and Walkenhorst, M, additional
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- 2016
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14. Arzneipflanzen – prophylaktische und therapeutische Optionen für Erkrankungen des Verdauungstrakts und der Atemwege bei Kälbern und Ferkeln?
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Ayrle, H, primary, Mevissen, M, additional, Kaske, M, additional, Nathues, H, additional, Grützner, N, additional, Melzig, MF, additional, and Walkenhorst, M, additional
- Published
- 2016
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15. Plant species reported from Swiss farmers to treat bovine respiratory diseases
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Ayrle, H, primary, Schmid, K, additional, Disler, M, additional, Bischoff, T, additional, Stucki, K, additional, Zbinden, M, additional, Vogl, CR, additional, Hamburger, M, additional, and Walkenhorst, M, additional
- Published
- 2015
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16. Allium sativum L. for prophylaxis of diarrhea in weaned piglets – how to find the right dosage?
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Ayrle, H, Nathues, H, Mevissen, M, and Walkenhorst, M
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- 2017
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17. Recent challenges in veterinary pharmacotherapy – could medicinal plants be an option?
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Naegeli, H, Mevissen, M, Walkenhorst, M, Ayrle, H, and Kupper, J
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- 2017
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18. Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.
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Farinacci P, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Maurer V, Sørensen Dalgaard T, Melzig MF, and Walkenhorst M
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- Animals, Humans, Poultry, Asteraceae, Communicable Diseases, Lamiaceae, Plants, Medicinal
- Abstract
Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare . As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The funding institution was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the obtained data or in the writing of the manuscript., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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19. Viscum album L., a Therapeutic Option for Neoplastic Diseases in Companion Animals? A Systematic Review.
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Biegel U, Mevissen M, Schuller S, Ruess K, Christen O, Ayrle H, Koch C, and Walkenhorst M
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- Horses, Animals, Dogs, Humans, Mice, Rats, Female, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Viscum album, Melanoma, Mouth Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms
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Cancer is a common disease in humans and in companion animals and treatment is challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and assess the potential use of Viscum album L. extracts (VAE) for treatment of neoplastic diseases in companion animals. Peer-reviewed animal, in vivo and in vitro studies were included, considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Overall, 6,148 references were identified. Following a predefined protocol, 114 full-text references were assessed. Ultimately, 61 references were included for further assessment, 25 references included in vitro experiments, 26 included in vivo and clinical experiments, and 10 references included both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These 61 references comprised data of 193 in vitro and 67 in vivo and clinical experiments. Most of the 67 in vivo and clinical experiments were conducted with mice (59), followed by rats (4), dogs (3), and horses (1). So far, oral melanomas, mammary tumors, and sticker sarcomas in dogs, as well as sarcoids in horses, have been investigated in controlled clinical trials. A scoring system was established to evaluate the outcomes of each study based on defined effect levels. The efficacy of VAE treatment was most pronounced for melanomas, sarcomas, mammary carcinoma, and equine sarcoids. The limited number and quality of published studies on VAE treatment in companion animals impede drawing definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of VAE in the treatment of cancer. Thus, further research is needed to elucidate the impact of VAE on the treatment of cancer in companion animals and possible underlying mechanisms., (© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2022
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20. Effects of an oral hydro-ethanolic purple coneflower extract on performance, clinical health and immune parameters in calves.
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Bruckmaier RM, Wellnitz O, Kaske M, Bieber A, Vögtlin A, Fricker R, and Walkenhorst M
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- Animals, Cattle growth & development, Cattle immunology, Double-Blind Method, Female, Male, Plant Extracts chemistry, Seroconversion, Bluetongue virus immunology, Cattle physiology, Echinacea chemistry, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines immunology
- Abstract
The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded field trial was to investigate the effects of oral administration of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. (EP)) on performance, health and immune parameters in calves. Calves (n = 27) were enrolled to three groups (9 calves per group): 0.5 g EP/calf per day (ECL), 5 g EP/calf per day (ECH) or placebo. Calves were vaccinated with Bluetongue-Virus (BTV) serotype 4 vaccine to investigate EPs effects on seroconversion. Clinical and performance parameters, inter alia body weight, health and milk intake were recorded for 57 days. Blood samples were analyzed for BTV antibodies and IgG by ELISA, white and red blood cell counts by flow cytometry and mRNA abundance of various inflammatory markers in leukocytes (IL-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and prostaglandin E synthase) was studied. The findings demonstrated no differences between groups regarding performance parameters. In all groups, calves suffered from diarrhea for a minimum of 2 days, but EP reduced the number of diarrhea days by 44% in ECL and increased the body temperature. Interestingly, ECL resulted in an increased number of respiratory disease days during the follow-up period. EP did not change blood cell and IgG counts, whereas eosinophil granulocytes were reduced in ECL. Decreased levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were found in ECH. Prostaglandin E synthase levels in leukocytes were higher in ECL and ECH, whereas no differences were obtained for IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα and Cox-2. Due to the unexpected occurrence of BTV seropositive calves before the first vaccination, 13 calves were excluded from the evaluation on seroconversion and no statistical analyses could be performed regarding antibody production. BTV-4 antibodies were not produced in 4 placebo-calves, whereas 4 of 5 and 1 of 6 ECL- and ECH-calves produced antibodies. Further investigations are needed to draw final conclusions on mode of action and efficacy of EP in calves., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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21. Medicinal plants as therapeutic options for topical treatment in canine dermatology? A systematic review.
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Tresch M, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Melzig M, Roosje P, and Walkenhorst M
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- Administration, Topical, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Dogs, Phytotherapy veterinary, Plants, Medicinal, Skin Diseases drug therapy, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Plant Preparations therapeutic use, Skin Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants have been used traditionally since centuries for wound care and treatment of skin diseases both in human and animals. Skin diseases are one of the most common reasons for owners to take their dog to the veterinarian. The demands for treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases are broad. A wide range of bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be involved, making the treatment challenging and bear an anthropo-zoonotic potential. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate based on recent scientific literature, the potential of four medicinal plants to enrich the therapeutic options in pyoderma, canine atopic dermatitis, otitis externa, wounds and dermatophytosis in dogs., Results: Based on four books and a survey among veterinarians specialized in phytotherapy, four medicinal plants were chosen as the subject of this systematic review: Calendula officinalis L. (Marigold), Hypericum perforatum L. agg. (St. John's Wort), Matricaria chamomilla L. (syn. Matricaria recutita L., Chamomile) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage). According to the PRISMA statement through literature research on two online databases a total of 8295 publications was screened and narrowed down to a final 138 publications for which full-text documents were analyzed for its content resulting in a total of 145 references (21 clinical, 24 in vivo and 100 in vitro references)., Conclusions: All four plants were proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effects of a rather broad spectrum including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This makes them an interesting new option for the treatment of pyoderma, otitis externa, infected wounds and dermatophytosis. Marigold, St. John's Wort and Chamomile showed wound-healing properties and are thus promising candidates in line to fill the therapeutic gap in canine wound-healing agents. St. John's Wort and Chamomile also showed anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on healthy skin. Due to the wide range of beneficial effects of these medicinal plants, they should be taken into account for the treatment of dermatologic diseases in dogs at least in future clinical research.
- Published
- 2019
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22. Placebo-controlled study on the effects of oral administration of Allium sativum L in postweaning piglets.
- Author
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Ayrle H, Nathues H, Bieber A, Durrer M, Quander N, Mevissen M, and Walkenhorst M
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- Administration, Oral, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Diarrhea epidemiology, Diarrhea prevention & control, Female, Male, Swine, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Switzerland epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, Weaning, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diarrhea veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Garlic, Swine Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) due to Escherichia coli is an economically important disease in pig production. In this placebo-controlled study performed in Switzerland, the effects of oral supplementation of Allium sativum L. (garlic, AS) on performance (bodyweight (BW) and daily weight gain (DWG)) and health (body condition and clinical score) were investigated in postweaning piglets. Piglets (n=600) were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (placebo, AS or colistin) and observed from birth until three weeks postweaning. The treatments were administered for the first two weeks postweaning. Faecal dry matter (FDM) and coliform bacteria on pen level were measured weekly. Data were analysed using generalised mixed-effect models in R. BW and DWG of the AS group were significantly higher compared with placebo in the third week postweaning. No differences in body condition and FDM were observed. The clinical score of AS-treated animals was significantly better compared with the colistin group. About 33 per cent of the piglets of the AS and the placebo group had to be treated with antibiotics due to the occurrence of severe PWD. The major finding of this study showed that AS supplementation increased growth performance and improved clinical health, but did not reduce the incidence and severity of PWD., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© British Veterinary Association 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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23. [Online information system for -phytotherapy in animals].
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Kupper J, Walkenhorst M, Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Demuth D, and Naegeli H
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- Animals, Humans, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Information Dissemination methods, Internet, Phytotherapy veterinary, Veterinary Drugs, Veterinary Medicine methods
- Abstract
Introduction: Phytotherapy becomes increasingly popular in veterinary medicine. To fully exploit the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and ensure their safe use, knowledge about the effective plant parts and preparations is required. Improper use and overdosage of medicinal plants can be toxic. With www.phytoarznei.ch, we provide an online decision support aid that allows for the retrieval of currently available information on medicinal plants and their use in domestic animals. This decision support system is based on the available literature in the field, which after critical evaluation has been incorporated into a structured database. For each medicinal plant or drug, we have listed therapeutic indications, different application types, organoleptic properties, plant ingredients, pharmacological effects, dosages, duration of treatment, toxicity, legal frame for use in livestock and relevance for doping. A user-friendly access to all data is achieved by means of two search programs, either by entering the plant name or name of the drug in a search field or by selecting the desired animal species and therapeutic application from respective drop-down lists. This database on medicinal plant applications in animals is linked to the poisonous plant database of the University of Zurich and, for marketed preparations, to the Swiss compendium of veterinary medicinal products as well as to an index of related veterinary products.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Colostral transmission of BTV-8 antibodies from dairy cows six years after vaccination.
- Author
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Kaske M, Vögtlin A, Fricker R, Hoffmann B, Büttner M, Marinovic Z, and Walkenhorst M
- Subjects
- Animals, Bluetongue prevention & control, Bluetongue virus, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Cattle Diseases virology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Neutralization Tests, Pregnancy, Serologic Tests, Time Factors, Viral Vaccines therapeutic use, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cattle Diseases immunology, Colostrum immunology, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired, Vaccination veterinary
- Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies were analysed in 27 Swiss calves born in 2016 at the age of 16-19 days using competitive enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (cELISA) and virus neutralization test (VNT) (animal trial permission number: 75684). Obligatory documentation proved that 15 of 27 dams were BTV-8 vaccinated once or three times in 2008-2010. The offsprings of the non-vaccinated dams were seronegative. Two of three calves and 11 of 12 calves descending from dams who had been vaccinated one or three times, respectively, had BTV specific serum antibodies. As Switzerland is considered BTV-free from 2010 to 2016, it is likely that BTV-8 antibodies were transferred via colostrum. Furthermore, we confirmed neutralizing cross-reactivity of BTV-8 with BTV-4 antibodies as 5 samples positive for BTV-8 were also reactive with BTV-4 antibodies., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
- Full Text
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25. Medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review.
- Author
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Kaske M, Nathues H, Gruetzner N, Melzig M, and Walkenhorst M
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- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Gastrointestinal Diseases drug therapy, Gastrointestinal Diseases prevention & control, Humans, Immunomodulation, Lung Diseases drug therapy, Lung Diseases prevention & control, Swine, Swine Diseases prevention & control, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Gastrointestinal Diseases veterinary, Lung Diseases veterinary, Phytotherapy veterinary, Plants, Medicinal, Swine Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as 'multi-target drugs'. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets., Results: Based on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20'000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994-2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation., Conclusions: Several medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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