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The present study aimed to investigate the application of the ohmic heating (OH) technique in the production of date syrup from the date fruit of the Sukkary variety at different electric field strengths (EFS) (9, 10, and 11 V/cm). The results were compared to the conventional heating method (CH). The response surface methodology was used to optimize yield. The results showed that the time to reach the boiling point of dates and water mixture using OH was less than the CH by 80% for extracting and 900% for evaporation. In addition, the productivity of date syrup using OH at EFS of 11 V/cm was higher than the CH by 86.11%. There is no significant effect between OH at EFS of 11 V/cm and CH in moisture content, refractive index, density, TSS, and viscosity. The optimum level of EFS was 11.5 V/cm, which gave a higher yield (64.93%). OH, save consumed power and cost. The OH gave the highest scores of sensory characteristics compared to CH. Total sugars, monosaccharides, and ketone monosaccharides were detected in the date syrup, and the result was positive, while the quintuple sugars and multiple sugars were negative for all treatments. The OH reduced the cost by 85.78% compared with CH.

Introduction: Small studies from outside of the USA suggest excellent outcomes after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with vascular invasion. The study aims to (1) compare overall survival after surgical resection and systemic therapy among patients with HCC and vascular invasion and (2) determine factors associated with receipt of surgical resection in a US population. Methods: HCC patients with AJCC clinical TNM stage 7th T3BN0M0 diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 from the National Cancer Database were analyzed. Cox and logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with overall survival and receipt of surgical resection. Results: Of 11,259 patients with T3BN0M0 HCC, 325 (2.9%) and 4,268 (37.9%) received surgical resection and systemic therapy, respectively. In multivariable analysis, surgical resection was associated with improved survival compared to systemic therapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.496, 95% confidence interval: 0.426–0.578) with a median survival of 21.4 and 8.1 months, respectively. Superiority of surgical resection was observed in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic subgroups and propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted analysis. Asians were more likely to receive surgical resection, whereas Charlson comorbidity ≥3, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, smaller tumor size, care in a community cancer program, and the South or West region were associated with a lower likelihood of surgical resection. Conclusion: HCC patients with vascular invasion may benefit from surgical resection compared to systemic therapies. Demographic and clinical features of HCC patients and region and type of treating facility were associated with surgical resection versus systemic treatment.

IntroductionSmall studies from outside of the USA suggest excellent outcomes after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with vascular invasion. The study aims to (1) compare overall survival after surgical resection and systemic therapy among patients with HCC and vascular invasion and (2) determine factors associated with receipt of surgical resection in a US population.MethodsHCC patients with AJCC clinical TNM stage 7th T3BN0M0 diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 from the National Cancer Database were analyzed. Cox and logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with overall survival and receipt of surgical resection.ResultsOf 11,259 patients with T3BN0M0 HCC, 325 (2.9%) and 4,268 (37.9%) received surgical resection and systemic therapy, respectively. In multivariable analysis, surgical resection was associated with improved survival compared to systemic therapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.496, 95% confidence interval: 0.426-0.578) with a median survival of 21.4 and 8.1 months, respectively. Superiority of surgical resection was observed in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic subgroups and propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted analysis. Asians were more likely to receive surgical resection, whereas Charlson comorbidity ≥3, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, smaller tumor size, care in a community cancer program, and the South or West region were associated with a lower likelihood of surgical resection.ConclusionHCC patients with vascular invasion may benefit from surgical resection compared to systemic therapies. Demographic and clinical features of HCC patients and region and type of treating facility were associated with surgical resection versus systemic treatment.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have underscored the essential role of inflammation across all stages of atherosclerosis. While various anti-inflammatory interventions have been implemented to mitigate inflammation-induced injuries, outcomes have been conflicting. Given the essential role of inflammation in these patients and limited data regarding the efficacy of low-dose Colchicine as an anti-inflammatory drug, we aimed to study the efficacy of low-dose Colchicine on clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI in Iran. Results Participants presented with STEMI and qualified revascularization at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom during 2022 and 2023 were included into the study. This study included 172 STEMI patients (114 males and 58 females) within the mean age of 58.93 ± 7.79. Results indicate that colchicine (2 mg for loading dose and 0.5 mg daily for 30 days) and placebo group were not significant differences in identical profiles regarding age and gender. Analyses revealed no significant differences in clinical outcome after the 40-day follow-up period. Conclusions This study revealed that the addition of colchicine did not yield a significant benefit in enhancing the outcomes of patients with STEMI. Clinical trial registration: This study was prospectively registered on Iranian registry of clinical trials, with registration number (IRCT20231001059578N1).

Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of a forward and backward walking training program on some inflammatory markers and physical function of older women. Methods & Materials Twenty-four older women (aged 60-75 years) were divided into three groups of walking forward, walking backward, and control. Two groups of walking forward and walking backward, performed training three times a week for eight weeks with an exertion rate of 14-15 according to Borg’s scale. Before and after the training, anthropometric factors (age, body height, body weight, and body mass index) and the muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured and blood sampling (for biochemical analysis) was conducted. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the means in SPSS software, version 23, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed that backward walking training significantly increased muscle strength and muscle endurance compared to the control and forward walking groups, but the program did not cause a significant change in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, or vitamin D binding protein. Conclusion It seems that backward walking training can have a greater effect on physical function in older women compared to forward walking, and lead to a healthier life for them.

The present research explored the antioxidant capacities and phytochemical profile of Cistus ladanifer collected from North Morocco (Tangier), to identify potential medicinal sources of antioxidants. The antioxidant qualities of the extracts were assessed using a variety of analytical methods, such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were employed to examine the chemical constituents present in the plant material. Finally, ICP-AES analysis was performed to characterize the nutritional components of the extract, providing detailed insights into its valuable nutrient content. The findings revealed that the methanolic extract displayed considerable antioxidant potential, as evidenced by its powerful scavenging activities against DPPH, with an IC50 value of 0.115 ± 0.003 mg/ml and IC50 of 0.251 ± 0.006 mg/ml ABTS radicals. Moreover, it displayed a higher reducing power using the FRAP test and excellent ORAC values, with 62.74 ± 0.07 mg/g and 40.21 ± 0.7 mg/g dry weight of extract, respectively. This research also assessed the total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, while tannins were found in high concentrations in the methanolic extract, with 69.08 ± 1.69 mg of GAE/g dW, 47.86 ± 1.76 mg of QE/g dW, and 354.98 ± 15.29 mg of TAE/g dW, respectively. The presence of phenols, benzene rings, aromatic compounds, ethers, and methylene chains was verified by FTIR analysis. Finally, HPLC-MS and GC-MS analyses revealed a rich profile of bioactive phytochemicals. This study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Tangier, Northern Morocco, shedding light on the unique chemical composition of Cistus ladanifer in this region.

Laurus nobilis, sometimes referred to as laurel, has been used for medicinal and culinary purposes for a very long time. The main subjects of this study are the phytochemical composition, mineralogical profile, and potential antioxidant properties of Laurus nobilis in Tangier, Northern Morocco. For phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV-MS) was used, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify each individual component. Minerals were studied by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF). Total tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic amounts were quantified using aqueous and methanolic extracts. The antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Research has revealed a complex array of phytochemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Mineral analysis has revealed the existence of vital components that are beneficial to health. Comparing the methanolic extract to the water extract, it demonstrated higher levels of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins as well as stronger antioxidant activity, indicating greater health benefits. This comprehensive study highlights the importance of Laurus nobilis from Northern Morocco as a reliable botanic resource with potential pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic uses.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training (HCRT) on selected measures of physical fitness, the expression of miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and − 155 as well as metabolic risk factors including lipid profiles and insulin resistance in middle-aged overweight/obese women. Methods Twenty-seven overweight/obese women aged 35–50 yrs. were randomized to HIIT (n = 14) or HCRT (n = 13) groups. The HIIT group performed running exercises (5 reps x 4 min per session) with active recovery between repetitions for 10 weeks with 5 weekly sessions. The HCRT group performed 10 weeks of HIIT and resistance training with 3 weekly HIIT sessions and 2 weekly HCRT sessions. Anthropometric measures (e.g., body mass), selected components of physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength), levels of miRNAs (miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and − 155), lipid profiles (total cholesterol; TC, Triglycerides; TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C), and insulin resistance; HOMA-IR index, were measured at baseline and week 10. Results An ANOVA analysis indicated no significant group by time interactions (p > 0.05) for all anthropometric measures, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). A significant group by time interaction, however, was found for the one-repetition maximum (IRM; p

Background: Dysregulation of adipocyte function occurs in obesity. Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is a newly discovered modulator of inflammation, metabolism, and differentiation of human adipocytes. The dietary supplement Chlorella Vulgaris (CV) reduces hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in clinical trials. Objectives: To explore the impact of 12 wks of interval resistance training (IRT) and CV supplementation on plasma levels of Metrnl and oxidative stress in males with obesity. Methods: Forty-four obese men (BMI: 32.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2, weight: 101.1 ± 2.2 kg, age: 23–35 years) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 11/group): control (CON), CV supplement (CV), IRT, and CV + IRT (CVIRT). The IRT was performed for 12 wks (3 sessions per week). The treatment consisted of a daily intake of CV (1800 mg capsule) or placebo capsules. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the interventions to analyze biomedical measurements. Results: The IRT and CVIRT groups had elevations in plasma Metrnl, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity levels (all P < 0.0001), and reductions in malondialdehyde (P < 0.0001). Supplementation with CV significantly reduced malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.0001) but failed to alter superoxide dismutase or Metrnl (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although IRT and its combination with CV hold promise for improving Metrnl levels and oxidative status in obesity, combining IRT and CV do not yield greater benefits than IRT alone. Although standalone CV supplementation could favorably impact certain markers of oxidative stress, the effectiveness of CV supplementation appears to have a relatively limited effect across assessed biomarkers and requires further investigation.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of 12-week chlorella vulgaris (CV) combined with interval resistance training (IRT) on plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin and neuregulin-4 (Nrg-4) in obese men. Methods: Obese men (n = 44, BMI of 32.1 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to the following groups of 11 participants per group: Control Placebo group (CP), CV supplement group (CV), Interval Resistance Training group plus Placebo (IRT + P), and Interval Resistance Training plus CV supplement group (IRT + CV). IRT was performed three times a week for 12 weeks using three sets of 10 repetitions at 60 % 1RM, and integrating an active rest interval with 15 repetitions at 20 % 1RM. Participants consumed either CV (1800 mg daily) or a placebo. Pre- and post-intervention blood samples were obtained to assess adipokines which were measured by ELISA. Results: While CV or IRT separately did not alter plasma levels of leptin (p > 0.05), their combination reduced leptin levels (p = 0.007). IRT and IRT plus CV increased the plasma levels of adiponectin and Nrg-4 (p

Abstract This study investigated the combined effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 44 obese males (aged 25–40 years). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), or training plus supplement (TSG). The intervention involved daily administration of either spirulina or a placebo and HIIT three times a week for the training groups. Anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, VO2peak, and circulating adipokines (asprosin and lipocalin2, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Post-intervention analysis indicated differences between the CG and the three interventional groups for body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%BF), HOMA-IR, and adipokine levels (p

Abstract Background Intermittent exercise programs characterized through intensive exercise bouts alternated with passive or active recovery (i.e., interval training), have been proven to enhance measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, it is unresolved which recovery type (active or passive) applied during interval training results in larger performance improvements. Objectives This systematic review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the effects of passive or active recovery following long-term interval exercise training on measures of physical fitness and physiological adaptations in healthy trained and untrained individuals. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9BUEY ). Methods We searched nine databases including the grey literature (Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, ERIC, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, Open Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until February 2023. Key terms as high-intensity interval training, recovery mode, passive or active recover were used. A systematic review rather than a meta-analysis was performed, as a large number of outcome parameters would have produced substantial heterogeneity. Results After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in our final analysis. Thirteen studies examined the effects of interval training interspersed with passive recovery regimes on physical fitness and physiological responses in trained (6 studies) and untrained (7 studies) individuals. Eleven out of 13 studies reported significant improvements in physical fitness (e.g., maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), Yo-Yo running test, jump performance) and physiological parameters (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], lactate threshold, blood pressure) in trained (effect sizes from single studies: 0.13

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Background Obesity presents multifarious etiopathologies with its management being a global challenge. This article presents the first ever report on the impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on obesity management via regulating the levels of novel adipokine, C1q/TNF-related Protein-12 (CTRP-12), furin, and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF-15).Methods Sixty-eight obese male subjects were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and the combined training and supplement group (TSG). After initial assessments of all groups, the training group commenced a twelve-week HIFT using the CrossFit program (comprising of three training sessions per week, each lasting 30 min). Eligible candidates were randomly assigned to either receive thylakoid-rich spinach extract (5 g per day) or a matching placebo (5 g per day of corn starch, 30 min before lunch) for a total duration of 12 weeks. All required data and investigations were collected at 48 h pre- and post-training.Results The results indicated a substantial correlation between exercise and the time of KLF-15, furin, and CTRP-12 demonstrating effect sizes of 0.3, 0.7, and 0.6, respectively. Additionally, the training and supplementation group (TSG) exhibited a substantial decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels (p

This study presents a molecular dynamics analysis focusing on the behavior of interstitial helium (He) clusters in nickel (Ni), examining their formation, stability, and migration energetics. We found that the binding energies of interstitial He with a He cluster are positive and increase with the cluster size, indicating a preference for He atoms to cluster together. While the formation energy increases monotonically with cluster size, binding energy shows non-monotonic. trend Importantly, small He clusters were found to be thermally unstable at reactor operational temperatures (approximately 600 K), with the He2 cluster exhibiting instability even at room temperature. With a binding energy of 0.44 eV for a He4 cluster, we hypothesize that for He bubbles to form via homogeneous nucleation (i.e., through trap mutation) at reactor operating temperatures, the He concentration must be high enough to facilitate the formation of He clusters of at least size 4 or larger. At finite temperatures, He clusters of size 7 and larger trap mutate immediately. However, clusters of size 10 and larger will trap mutate even at 0 K. As expected, interstitial He and small He clusters are highly mobile, and found to be mobile even at temperatures as low as 200 K. Furthermore, the mean squared displacement method has been utilized to determine the activation energies and the corresponding prefactors for clusters ranging from He1 to He6

For the first time, an economic, highly efficient, simple, fast and in vivo protocol by the Citrus sinensis fruit was employed for biosynthesis of some bioactive Ag@Xanthan, CuO@Fe3O4@nanoclay and TiO@CeO2@Montmorinent Nanocomposites (NCs). The RP-HPLC-DAD fingerprint record of the fruit demonstrated the presence of potent antioxidants such as oxalic acid, tannic acid, mallic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The NCs were structurally characterized through the spectroscopic (Uv–vis and FT-IR methods) and surface analysis techniques (TEM, XRD, EDS methods). Furthermore, the impact of the in vivo method was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy on the hyper-accumulation of phytochemicals on the surface of green nanocomposites and their bioactivity. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of green synthesized NCs demonstrated very well results against some dangerous bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aureus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol as positive controls of antioxidant and antibacterial activities, respectively.

The friction consolidation method successfully reinforced aluminum 7075 alloy (AA7075) with high-volume fractions (12 and 24 vol%) of titanium diboride (TiB2) by high pressure and severe plastic deformation at elevated temperatures. The consolidated AMCs have a uniform dispersion of submicron- and micron-sized TiB2 particles in the AA7075 matrix, with significant refinement of the matrix grain size and the particles. The addition of TiB2 significantly increases hardness by up to 50 %, Young’s modulus by up to 62 %, and ultimate tensile strength by up to 28 % to 672 MPa, while reducing ductility by 80 %. Wear resistance of 7075/24 vol% TiB2 improves seven-fold compared to baseline, making it comparable to that of carburized steels. Microstructure-based finite element modeling provided a theoretical strength limit of ∼730 MPa for the composites and indicated that high triaxiality in conjunction with severe equivalent plastic strain in a narrow area between the TiB2 particles led to early fracture initiations, limiting the ductility.