Search

Birth weight is an important factor in delivery management. Antenatal ultrasound has turned out to be one of the clinicians most vital devices for surveying fetal age, growth and prosperity. Contrasted Physical examination of the pregnant uterus is the most precise strategy for evaluating fetal size and growth along with the utilization of ultrasound imaging and estimating of the different fetal parameters. Objective To evaluates the antenatal assessments of fetal weight in pregnancies by using Johnson's formula, Hadlock's formula and Ultrasonography. Comparison of these different methods with the actual birth weight of these babies after delivered. Material and methods Two hundred singleton term pregnancies within 48 hours were randomly selected to participate in this prospective cohort study. Variables included such as abdominal circumference, Biparietal diameter, and Femur length. Parameters to obtain estimated fetal weight Results The mean birth weight of Hadlock formula is closest to the mean of actual birth weight. In the study population, more primigravida delivered babies with very low birth weight and more multigravida delivered babies of birth weight 3500 gms. Johnson's and ultrasound Hadlock's formula had a marked tendency to overestimate the fetal weight. Error was within 350 Gms in 84.7 , 70.8 and 84 of cases by Dare's, Johnson's and ultrasound Hadlock's formula. Dr. Pushpamala Ramaiah | Dr. Lamiaa Ahmed Elsayed | Dr. Grace Lindsey | Dr. Ayman Johargy "Estimation of Fetal Size and Weight using Various Formulas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23231.pdf

Protein fractions were isolated from wheat flour including albumin, globulin, glutelin-1, glutelin-2 and prolamin. The free and bound phenolics were extracted from each protein fraction to determine the impact of their removal on allergenicity, antioxidant activity and the inhibitory activities of the angiotensin converting enzyme. The glutelin-1 fraction showed the highest protein content and yield of 71.02% and 21.02%, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was noted in the glutelin-1 fraction (48.17%). The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities among the protein fractions ranged from 6.87% to 84.52%. The greatest reduction of allergenicity (39.66%) was demonstrated in the prolamin fraction. We conclude that the removal of phenolics appears to decrease significantly the allergenicity of wheat protein fractions while maintaining significant bioactivities related to anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties.

This study quantified the free and conjugated phenolic content of extracts from selected Liliaceae (white and red onion), Punicaceae (red and pink pomegranate), Vitaceae (zini, red globe, and baladi grape), and Rosaceae (yellow and red apple) cultivated family plants and evaluated their antioxidant activities and beneficial properties toward diabetes and hypertension. Free and bound phenolics were extracted from plants, and total phenolic contents were evaluated. Antioxidant activities were assessed, as well as the inhibitory effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) measured the individual phenolic content in both free and bound extracts. The free phenolic contents in the selected plants were higher than bound phenolic contents, except for in zini and red globe grapes. In onion, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in the bound phenolic extract (49.6–56.9%). In pomegran...

Over the last two decades, separation, identification and measurement of the total and individual content of phenolic compounds has been widely investigated. Recently, the presence of a wide range of phenolic compounds in oil-bearing plants has been shown to contribute to their therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, hypo-lipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Phenolics in oil-bearing plants are now recognized as important minor food components due to several organoleptic and health properties, and they are used as food or sources of food ingredients. Variations in the content of phenolics in oil-bearing plants have largely been attributed to several factors, including the cultivation, time of harvest and soil types. A number of authors have suggested that the presence phenolics in extracted proteins, carbohydrates and oils may contribute to objectionable off flavors The objective of this study was to review the distribution, identification and occurrence of free and bound phenolic compounds in oil-bearing plants.

The success of any educational institution is measured by its academic performance or how well students meet the standards set out. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the academic performance of second and third year student nurses in Saudi Arabia. Academic success is important because it is strongly linked to the positive outcomes we value...Academic success is important because working people will need higher levels of education to tackle the technologically demanding occupations of the future. This study may benefit the students by allowing them to understand better the factors that can affect their academic performance. A quantitative descriptive design was utilized. Self reporting course survey questionnaire was the main method used for data gathering. Average weighted mean and proportions were used to determine the level of impact of the different factors affecting student nurses' academic performance. The items on "What happened during the course" found to be of high impact. Meanwhile few items in the same category fell in the low range and rated related to their grading as moderate. In the aspect of course evaluation, the first item on "what I learnt in this course is important and will be useful to me" was determined to have the greatest impact among the course related items. Among the five domains, the item related to their overall evaluation "Satisfied with the quality of the course" fall behind the teacher related factors. Based from the findings, it was concluded that several factors pose high impact on the academic performance of student nurses, with teacher related factors topping the list. Dr. Ayman Johargy | Dr. Pushpamala Ramaiah | Dr. Ibtesam Nomani | Lamia Ahmed Elsayed | Grace Lindsey "Student Nurses Academic Performance- Multidimensional Constructs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23144.pdf

Vitamin D deficiency is gaining increasing attention for its novel association with Obesity. Studies have found that maintaining vitamin D status may reduce ones risk of developing various diseases. Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3•4 million deaths, 3•9 of years of life lost, and 3•8 of disability adjusted life years DALYs worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. The treatment of obesity and cardiovascular diseases is one of the most difficult and important challenges nowadays. This paper seeks to examine the consistently reported relationship between obesity and low vitamin D concentrations in association with HSCRP, with reference to the possible underlying mechanisms. The possibility that vitamin D may assist in preventing or treating obesity is also examined and recommendations for future research are made. We tested the hypothesis that suggests Adults with severe obesity have lower 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels will have higher hs CRP levels. Dr. Pushpamala Ramaiah | Dr. Ayman Johargy | Dr. Lamiaa Ahmed Elsayed | Dr. Grace Lindsey "Vitamin D Deficiency in Association with HSCRP Linked to Obesity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18479.pdf

Summary The objectives of this study were to examine varying extraction conditions of Thymus vulgaris L. as related to phenolic content and profiles of the extracts and their antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. Phenolics were extracted under various conditions pertaining to free and bound phenolics, solvent type and combination of extraction time and temperature, and these extracts were evaluated in terms of their antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The acetone–water solvent mixture (1:1; v/v) produced the extract with the greatest phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activities of ACE and α-glucosidase. The optimal extraction temperature for maximum phenolic content and antioxidant activity associated with methanol extraction was 60 °C, whereas a lower temperature at 40 °C was required to maximise inhibitory activities for ACE, α-glucosidase and α-amylase. An inverse relationship was seen between antioxidant and glucosidase inhibitory activities vs. the ACE and α-amylase inhibitory activities, which suggests the need for extractions to be directed to specific bioactivities of thyme extracts. Generally, the results indicate major differences in phenolic profiles among the tested extraction conditions with thymol as the predominant phenolic seen in most extractions, while gallic acid, rosmarinic acid or diosmin also predominated in other extracts. Extracts with the same predominant phenolic compound and similar phenolic content showed major disparities in their ACE, glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, indicating that the major phenolic profiles of thyme extracts may not be necessarily related to the degree of inhibition of ACE, glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes.

The optimum extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from ginger were evaluated with respect to antioxidant activity and angiotensin converting enzyme and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Free phenolics were extracted under conditions that varied according to extraction time, temperature, and solvent type (water, acetone, and methanol). Acid and base hydrolysis reactions were used to obtain bound phenolic compounds from ginger. The results showed that the type of solvent used and the temperature and time of extraction needed for maximal total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity differed greatly from solvent conditions and showed the greatest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The predominant free phenolics in the methanol extracts included diosmin, thymol, and carvacrol, which varied greatly according to solvent extraction conditions (i.e., time and temperature). Diosmin was the predominant bound phenolic compound of the methanol extracts. T...

This study evaluated the biological properties of milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus with and without several amounts of royal jelly including: total viable count, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activities of angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE), α-amylase, and growth of colorectal (SW480) and skin (MV3) cancer cell lines. The bound phenolic extract after acid hydrolysis had better biological properties. The antioxidant activities increased after 4 h of fermentation time in skimmed milk fortified with royal jelly. Contents of aromatic compounds decreased along fermentation time in skimmed milk with royal jelly. The in vitro inhibitory activities against skin and colorectal cancer growth of fermented skimmed milk were not dependent on fermentation time and concentration of royal jelly. Results revealed the accumulation of hydrolytic bioactive peptides with inhibitory activity of ACE at 24 h. Practical Applications Inoculated skimmed milk with different ratios of royal jelly has potential application to manage chronic human diseases including hyperglycemia (type 2 diabetes), hypertension, and breast and skin cancers.

This paper is designed as a tool that a researcher could use in planning and conducting quality research. This is a review paper which gives a discussion of various aspects of designing consideration in medical research. This paper covers the essentials in calculating power and sample size for a variety of applied study designs. Sample size computation for survey type of studies, observation studies and experimental studies based on means and proportions or rates, sensitivity - specificity tests for assessing the categorical outcome are presented in detail. Over the last decades, considerable interest has been focused on medical research designs and sample size estimation. The resulting literature is scattered over many textbooks and journals. This paper presents these methods in a single review and comments on their application in practice. I. Background: In medical research, we attempt to study the multitude of constantly changing and interrelated biologic processes that comprise human physiology. In order to make meaningful conclusions from the abundance of physiologic data available, we need to carefully consider the design of our investigations. We must meticulously define our study hypotheses, patient population, and research methods for our conclusions to be valid and our

There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of naturally occurring lipid-phenolic interactions on the biological properties of phenolics in virgin olive oil. Free and bound phenolics were isolated via sequential methanolic extraction at 30 and 60 °C, and were identified and quantified using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography. Decreased oleic acid concentrations and increased concentrations of palmitoleic acid, stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were observed in virgin olive oil after removal of free and bound lipid phenolic compounds. The presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and tyrosol bound to glycerides was determined via LC-MS/MS, which indicates natural lipid-phenolic interactions in virgin olive oil. Both free and lipid bound phenolic extracts exerted antiproliferative activities against the CRC1 and CRC5 colorectal cancer cell lines. The present work indicates that naturally occurring lipid-phenolic interactions can affect the biological properties of phenolics in virgin olive oil.

The frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among 270 paediatric patients (5 years of age) in various hospitals of Makkah and Jeddah cities of Saudi Arabia were investigated.A total of 270 stool samples were collected from paediatric patients with signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis from different hospitals of Makkah and Jeddah cities of Saudi Arabia. Samples were investigated for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination, immunological tests and bacterial culture techniques.Out of 270 stool samples tested in this study for various causative agents of gastroenteritis, total number of positive samples were 106 (39%). Of these, 90 (33%) had viral etiology, of which Rotavirus type A (serotype G) was found in the majority of cases 60 (22%), Adenovirus in 20 (7%) patients, and Astrovirus in the remaining 10 (4%) patients. Thirteen (5%) were of bacterial origins of which 9 (3%) were Salmonella species, 4 (2%) were Shigella species and only 3 (1%) of the samples were positive for Giardia lamblia.This study indicated that most of the diarrhoeal diseases in young children in Saudi Arabia are due to viral etiology, where Rotavirus was predominant followed by Adenovirus and Astrovirus. While Salmonella and Shigella represent the bacterial etiology of paediatric acute diarrhoea and only Giardia lamblia was found as a parasitic cause of diarrhoea in young children in our study.

The use of genotyping assays for the detection and evaluation of drug resistance mutations within the polymerase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is becoming increasingly relevant in the clinical management of HIV-1 infection. However, genotypic resistance assays available currently have been optimised for genetic subtype B strains of the virus and many clinical centres are presented with strains from subtypes A, C, and D. In the present report, we compare the performance of two sequence-based commercially available kits, the ViroSeq Genotyping System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and the TruGene HIV-1 Genotyping Kit (Visible Genetics, Toronto, Ontario) against a panel of 35 virus isolates from HIV-1 Group M (subtypes A-J). Full-length consensus sequences were generated by the ViroSeq genotyping system for 26 of 31 (83.8%) of the isolates tested, in contrast to the TruGene genotyping system, which generated 16 of 30 (53%) usable sequences overall. Overall, subtype B isolates were sequenced with a greater degree of success than non-subtype B isolates. Discrepancies were found between the consensus sequences reported by each system for each sample (mean difference 1.0%; range 0.0-3.2%), but these appeared to be random and did not affect interpretation of the major resistance codons. In addition, both systems were able to amplify template RNA from low copy viral load plasma samples (10(2)-10(3) RNA copies/ml) taken from a random selection of patient samples encompassing subtypes A-C. While the availability of these genotyping systems should facilitate studies of HIV-1 drug resistance in countries in which these subtypes are prevalent, the performance against subtypes other than B needs to be improved.