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Nanotechnology, an emerging field, holds significant promise with applications across diverse sectors, including medicine, agriculture, and the biological sciences. To address environmental concerns, the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts is favoured. This study focuses on the formulation and characterisation of AgNPs using extracts from Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, a medicinal plant that holds a unique phytochemical profile. The AgNPs derived from W. coagulans root (WcAgNPR) and fruit (WcAgNPF) extracts were characterised using ultraviolet and visible light (UV-Vis) spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The findings reveal that both WcAgNPR and WcAgNPF exhibit substantial antioxidant potential, with robust iron reducing capabilities and potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Additionally, they demonstrate strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities. Notably, WcAgNPR outperforms WcAgNPF in the phosphomolybdate assay for antioxidant potential. Both AgNPs display remarkable antimicrobial efficacy, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) below 10 µg.mL-1 against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and noteworthy activity against gram-negative Escherichia coli (WcAgNPF with a MIC of 30 µg.mL-1 and WcAgNPR with a MIC of 60 µg.mL-1). These findings highlight the silver nanoparticles' significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, suggesting their potential for in vivo use as antimicrobial agents with minimal oxidative damage.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a rare condition that occurs in fewer than 5% of breast cancer patients. In certain instances, individuals exhibit symptoms of LMD when initially diagnosed. We present a case involving a 48-year-old female who experienced a sudden onset of weakness in her left upper and lower limbs, leading to an extensive LMD diagnosis. A series of investigations were initiated to uncover the root cause of LMD. Subsequent MRI scans covering both the entire brain and the spinal cord confirmed the presence of metastatic breast carcinoma, thus providing insight into the origin of her condition. Following this, the patient underwent a regimen of radiation therapy to address the metastases and then started a comprehensive neuro-rehabilitation program aimed at improving her overall well-being and quality of life.

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system is a state-of-the-art emerging technology targeted towards beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication networks. This network pertains to a dense deployment of access points (APs) dispersed over a large geographical area to serve a small number of users at the same frequency and time resources. The CF-mMIMO architecture offers resilient connectivity, interference management, power efficiency, high throughput, and macrodiversity. Moreover, this communication technique eliminates cell boundaries and facilitates the users by introducing overlapping regions, thus providing consistent quality of service (QoS) throughout the region. However, the complexity of CF-mMIMO systems increases considerably when numerous APs are dispersed over a large geographical area. Therefore, several studies have been carried out to determine the optimal solution with minimum complexity of the CF-mMIMO system. Herein, a thorough investigation of the literature on the CF-mMIMO system is presented, considering all aspects from architecture to applications. The study provides a detailed survey of CF-mMIMO architecture, fronthaul, and backhaul, as well as the challenges associated with them; deployment methodologies and challenges for practical implementation of CF-mMIMO systems are also discussed. Furthermore, we reviewed the impact of transmitter and receiver antennae on the capacity of CF-mMIMO enabled with millimeter wave (mmWave). The numerical findings indicate that the higher degree of freedom required for spatial multiplexing allows multiantenna users to surpass single-antenna users in terms of capacity. This study holds significance owing to the thorough examination of the CF-mMIMO system model, channel estimation, scalability problems, working algorithms, communication protocol, deep learning-based solutions, linkage to B5G and 6G, and key challenges. Moreover, this study presents a detailed discussion and research survey on the system model, deployment issues, deep learning, and potential applications of the CF-mMIMO system.

The significant characteristics of Associate Laguerre polynomials (ALPs) have noteworthy applications in the fields of complex analysis and mathematical physics. The present article mainly focuses on the inclusion relationships of ALPs and various analytic domains. Starting with the investigation of admissibility conditions of the analytic functions belonging to these domains, we obtained the conditions on the parameters of ALPs under which an ALP maps an open unit disc inside such analytical domains. The graphical demonstration enhances the outcomes and also proves the validity of our obtained results.

Objectives: The current study is conducted to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and total testosterone in young, physically fit adult males. Study Design: the study was based on cross sectional design. Study Settings: The research was conducted in Department of Pathology, Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College situated in District Lodhran between 1st July, 2023 and December, 2023. Methods: This cross-sectional research, which took place at the Department of Pathology at Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College in Lodhran from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, had 176 young male volunteers, all between the ages of 18 and 35. Each participant was given questionnaires to fill out on their prior medical history, food habits, and rigorous exercise levels. Every participant had their blood drawn following a 12-hour fast and a 24-hour period without physical exercise. Separating serum was done with a centrifuge. The blood concentration of LH, FSH, total testosterone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA). Results: A total of 176 individuals in good health were registered, with a mean age of 26.62±5.20 years. The presence of vitamin D of less than 10 ng/ml, between 10–20 ng/ml, and greater than 20 ng/ml were reported in 70 (39.8%), 76 (43.2%), and 30 (17.0%) individuals, accordingly. The mean hormone levels (TT, FSH, and LH) in the three 25(OH)D groups did not vary statistically. Our findings showed that there existed no statistically substantial relationship in the categories under study between 25(OH)D and LH, FSH, and TT. Conclusion: We found little variation in the condition of the 25(OH)D concentration and the average hormonal measurements (LH, FSH, and TT). Based on these data, we concluded that in young, healthy guys, there is no relationship between testosterone concentrations and deficient or inadequate 25(OH)D level.

Abstract The analysis of peristaltic-ciliary transport in the human female fallopian tube, specifically in relation to the growing embryo, is a matter of considerable physiological importance. This paper proposes a biomechanical model that incorporates a finite permeable tube consisting of two layers, where the Jeffrey fluid model characterizes the viscoelastic properties of the growing embryo and continuously secreting fluid. Jeffrey fluid entering with some negative pressure gradient forms the core fluid layer while continuously secreting Jeffrey fluid forms the peripheral fluid layer. The resulting partial differential equations are solved for closed-form solutions after employing the assumption of long wavelength. The analysis delineated that increasing the constant secretion velocity, Darcy number, and Reynolds number leads to a decrease in the appropriate residue time of the core fluid layer and a reduction in the size of the secreting fluid bolus in the peripheral fluid layer. Eventually, the boluses completely disappear when the constant secretion velocity exceeds 3.0 Progesterone ( $$P_4$$ P 4 ) and estradiol ( $$E_2$$ E 2 ) directly regulate the transportation of the growing embryo, while luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have an indirect effects. Based on the number and size of blastomeres, the percentage of fragmentation, and the presence of multinucleated blastomeres two groups were formed in an in vitro experiment. Out of 50 patients, 26 (76.5%) were pregnant in a group of the good quality embryos, and only 8 (23.5%) were in a group of the bad quality embryos. The transport of growing embryo in the human fallopian tube and preimplantation development of human embryos in in vitro are constraint by baseline hormones FSH, LH, prolactin, $$E_{2}$$ E 2 , AMH, and TSH.

A major portion of phosphatic fertilizer comes from the limiting natural resource, rock phosphate, which demands a timely alternative. Struvite, a crystalline mineral of low solubility, is a worthwhile alternative. Evaluation of the local wastewater streams for their ability to precipitate struvite and its capability as phosphatic fertilizer under an alkaline soil environment was studied. Two stirring speeds, a pH range of 8.0–11.0, and a constant molar ratio were used to optimize local wastewater streams for struvite precipitation. Struvite was used in five different combinations to assess the release of phosphorus (P), including control (no P source), single superphosphate, struvite, struvite + sulfur, and rock phosphate with or without inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). For struvite precipitation, low stirring speeds are ideal because the precipitates readily sink to the bottom once they form. Furthermore, the amalgamation of SOB with sulfur significantly improved P use efficiency under alkaline soils through increased phosphorus sources solubility and enabled optimum wheat production due to its low solubility in an alkaline soil condition. Due to its capacity to recycle phosphorus from wastewater, struvite is poised to emerge as a sustainable fertilizer and had an opportunity to capture a share of this expanding market. HIGHLIGHTS Wastewater characteristics and effects of increasing pH levels on P and N removal.; The effects of stirring speeds and pH levels on MAP precipitation.; Relationship of pH levels with N and P removal and struvite production.; Various P sources effects on soil pH, both with and without SOB.; Struvite application and its impact.;

The Nation of Islam (NOI) was born amidst the political, cultural, and social strife that African Americans experienced during the Great Depression. The organization was a product of the early twentieth century social and political landscape of blatant racism, segregation, disenfranchisement, educational and economic deprivation, Ku Klux Klan, and peripheral citizenship of African Americans in a sovereignty based on the principles of freedom, and democracy. Whereas organizations such as The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1909), the National Urban League (1911), and the African Methodist Episcopal Church (1816) resorted to an integrationist approach to confront the legally sanctioned system of racial subjugation and demand civil rights for African Americans, the NOI concocted a unique conflation of religion and nationalism in appealing to black agitation and defiance against white supremacy. Building on the pro-racist theology of the Southern white Churches, and a sense of double consciousness with which African Americans grappled, the NOI developed a peculiar religious mythology that provided an antidote for black people. This research analyzes the movement and its discourse as a repercussion of the racism and bigotry experienced by African Americans: like its Christian counterparts, the NOI exploited religious doctrines of Orthodox Islam in order to append religious legitimacy to its racist propaganda. The paper argues that although the Nation’s racist ideology is in conflict with all mainstream religions of the world, scholarship on the organization must expand beyond an outright condemnation of its ideology and leadership to account for the institutionalized racism that continues to engender cults like the NOI.

Diasporic writing is generally regarded as representative of the native people and their culture. In this regard, South Asia has been depicted in a variety of ways by writers of South Asian origins living in the West. While considered representatives of the South Asian tradition, diasporic writers’ depiction of the region, its people, and their culture has also come under scrutiny for reinforcing the East/West binary that reinstates the latter’ superiority. Khaled Hosseini is among those South Asian writers whose fiction is informed by his declaration “that Afghanistan is ‘my land of origin’” (Aubry, 2009, pp. 27-28); however, while Hosseini’s work has been a major source of information about Afghanistan for the West, at home, he is, at best, an ambivalent figure that has invited criticism pertaining to his representation of Afghanistan especially in his debut novel, The Kite Runner (2003). This article critically analyzes Hossini’s The Kite Runner through the lens of Lisa Lau’s theorization of re-Orientalism (2009) and bell hooks’s notion of patriarchal maleness to argue that the novel perceives the Afghan land and people through a patriarchal gaze that renders them inferior and subordinate, hence feminine vis-à-vis the superior, masculine, and patriarchal West. In this way, the novel ends up reinforcing the Orientalist project of perpetuating stereotypical images of the Orient. While previous scholarship mainly focuses on the development of the protagonist’s character through the themes of guilt, sin, and redemption in the novel, the uniqueness of this paper lies in its exploration of the text’s re-Orientalist proclivity. Critically analyzing the novel’s depiction of Afghanistan, its people, and culture, the paper argues that the text, through its patriarchal gaze, accords a superior place to maleness and reinforces the Western practice of feminizing the Orient.

Background: Liver disease is a serious health concern in today’s world, posing a challenge to both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies. Most synthetic drugs and chemicals cause liver damage accounting for approximately 10% of acute hepatitis and 50% of acute liver failure.Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of an extract of chicory formulation assisted by silver nanoparticles against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rat’s liver.Methods: Rats of the Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the in vivo hepato-protective efficacy at various doses. Rats were randomly divided into nine groups, each containing six rats. The groups were as follows: first group (control), second group (CCl4), third group, silymarin (20 mg/kg of body weight), fourth group (CCl4+chicory) (1.75 mg/kg of b. wt), fifth group (CCl4 + chicory at the dose of 2.35 mg/kg), sixth group (CCl4 + chicory of 3.25 mg/kg), seventh group (CCl4 +AgNPs 1.75 mg/kg of b. wt.), eighth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 2.35 mg/kg of body weight), and ninth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 3.25 mg/kg of b. wt.). Blood samples were taken 24 h after the last administration (i.e., 30th day). The blood samples were analyzed for different serum enzymes such as ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), bilirubin (Blr), triglyceride, and cholesterol. Histology liver sections were performed.Results: Treatment with AgNPs and chicory extract showed significant hepato-protective activity in a dose-dependent manner. In three doses, the chicory extract at a rate of 3.25 mg/kg of body weight significantly reduced elevated levels of biochemical markers in comparison to CCl4-intoxicated rats. Histology of the liver sections from CCl4-treated rats revealed inflammation of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration, vacuolization, and a deformed central vein. The chicory formulation extract exhibited a remarkable recovery percentage in the liver architecture that was higher than the drug (i.e., silymarin). While treatment with AgNPs also repaired the degenerative changes and restored the normal form of the liver, chicory formulation extract possessed more hepato-protective potential as compared to AgNPs by regulating biochemical and histo-pathological parameters.Conclusion: This study can be used as confirmation of the hepato-protective potential of chicory compounds for possible use in the development programs of drugs to treat liver diseases.

Slavoj Žižek’s psychoanalytic analysis of “courtly love” concludes that the courtly image of the Knight’s subservience to his Lady actually masks the reality of male domination; however, Žižek’s own analysis seems complicit in the same problematic. Whereas courtly love provides a semblance of agency to the woman, in assuming the male partner as the subject from whose vantage the relationship is theorized, Žižek’s analysis strips the woman of any subjectivity or agency by rendering her an absolute object, a radical Otherness, a monster, and an automaton. While Žižek painstakingly represents the male-subject as the victim-agent in being the director of the masochistic performance, the female is rendered a perpetrator-object who despite enacting the terms of the same contract is termed an inhuman partner and hence a sadist. This lack of complex theorization of the Lady that renders her absolute evil reinforces conventional representation of femininity as evil. Besides, by declaring an impasse in feminism for its tendency to deny women ‘femininity’, Žižek, while bemoaning the inescapability of the asymmetrical love relationship ends up reifying it. While Žižek’s analysis writes the Lady off as a vacuum, Charlotte Lennox’s The Female Quixote (1752) provides an interesting alternative for theorizing courtly love from the vantage of the Lady via the protagonist, Arabella. A suitable framework for understanding Arabella’s investment in the conventions of courtly love can be found in Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytical model that allows for reconceiving the Lady in courtly love as a subject. While developing on the scholarship that explores the novel’s negotiation of the gendered eighteenth-century English society, I argue that Arabella’s delusional immersion in romances signifies her proximity to the semiotic chora given her preoedipal maternal severance. As such, her preference of the “feminine” form of romance, reflective of the subversive force of the semiotic, represents Arabella’s defiance of the rational, masculine, novelistic discourse of the eighteenth-century symbolic.

Objective: To find the association of lipid profile with early sign of cholecystitis (gall stones formation). Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study Methodology: The study recruited cholecystitis patients from 1st April 2022 to 30th September 2022 at Pathology Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Those patients having an age above 40 years and clinically diagnosed with gall bladder stone, went under ultrasonography examination, were included in the study. A total of 100 cases were compared with 100 controls in a case control study design. The lipid profile included serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels. Other tests as fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin (T-bil), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and urea nitrogen (UN) were also conducted. Results: The mean age of the gall stone patients and of normal controls was 51.71±13.48 and 42.00±13.14 years respectively. There was no variance in the BMI of both groups. The incidence of kidney stones was higher in the cases than controls while hypertension was more commonly reported in the 36% of the cases in comparison to the 19% of the controls. The logistic regression analysis presented a data where significant difference within lipid profile values of cases and controls could be seen having high values reported in cases than controls. The multivariant analysis of the lipid profile analyzed values presented a significant variance in the odds ration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and triglycerides of cases and controls. Conclusion: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides are associated with the risk of gall bladder formation.

Abstract The choices of consumer towards food have been changed. Consumer prefers to eat food which is not only safe but also nutritious. Now a day, they like to eat the food which promote their health and help in minimizing nutrition related health hazards. Rice is a staple food in many countries, but most emerging issue is that rice is deficit in minerals. Rice ranks second among cereals in dietary uses around the world. Rice is deficit in iron (Fe) zinc (Zn) and these are important micronutrients for infants, men and women. Fortification of rice with iron and zinc would help to minimize nutrient deficient disorders among humans. Present study is aimed to introduce nutrients rich rice for consumers and also to encourage food-fortification organizations for diverting their focus on rice fortification. In south Asian countries, micronutrient deficiency especially Fe and Zn deficiency is very common. The rice because of its use as a staple food can be utilized as a carrier medium for transporting micronutrients from plants sources to human beings. Hence, rice fortification with microminerals can prove as a miracle for the virtual eradication of nutrition related diseases in humans.

Abstract Scarcity of energy and pollution are two major challenges that have become a threat to all living things worldwide. Bioethanol is a renewable, ecological-friendly clean energy that may be utilized to address these issues. This study aimed to develop simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process through high temperature-substrate adaptation and co-cultivation of S. cerevisiae with other potential amylolytic strains. In this study, we adapted our previously screened thermosensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dj-3 strain up-to 42 °C and also screened three potential thermotolerant amylolytic strains based on their starch utilization capability. We performed SSF fermentation at high temperature by adapted Dj-3 and amylolytic strains using 10.0% starch feedstock. Interestingly, we observed significant ethanol concentration [3.86% (v/v)] from high temperature simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (HSSF) of adapted Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C-7) and Dj-3. We attribute the significant ethanol concentration from starch of this HSSF process to C-7’s high levels of glucoamylase activity (4.01 U/ml/min) after adaptation in starch (up-to 42 °C) as well as Dj-3's strong glucose fermentation capacity and also their ethanol stress tolerance capability. This study suggests the significant feasibility of our HSSF process.

Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus infections are problematic due to inherent multidrug resistance and lack of response to antibacterials commonly used as therapy for other mycobacterial infections. We report the clinical success of five patients who received definitive-treatment with an omadacycline-containing combination regimen for M. abscessus infection.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Although they constitute 1% of primary gastrointestinal tumors, they are the most common nonepithelial tumors involving the gastrointestinal tract. They mostly present as overt or occult gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a case in which a 77-year-old female presented with a large abdominal mass. The origin of the mass was unclear on CT and MRI scan of the abdomen. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion in the perigastric region. A fine-needle biopsy of the lesion was performed, which was consistent with spindle type GIST. After the initial failure of imatinib therapy, the tumor was managed surgically.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a syndrome caused by either dyskinesia or stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi. It has been categorized into biliary and pancreatic SOD based on clinical features and laboratory findings. We present a case of a 51-year-old female (post-cholecystectomy) who presented with intermittent chronic right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory investigations showed persistently elevated liver function tests and a dilated common bile duct without the presence of any stones. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with manometry showed an elevated sphincter of Oddi pressure, thus confirming the diagnosis of SOD. She underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy and papillotomy with normalization of liver function tests and resolution of her chronic symptoms.

Abstract Systemic thromboembolism, along with acute multiorgan failure, should raise clinical suspicion for CAPS. Timely management, even in suspected cases, can have a significant impact on mortality.

Active photocatalysts with an efficiency of 99% were prepared for the degradation of the industrial dye, methylene blue (MB), under visible light irradiation. These photocatalysts comprised Co/Ni-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), to which bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) was added as a filler to prepare Co/Ni-MOF@BiOI composites. The composites exhibited remarkable photocatalytic degradation of MB in aqueous solutions. The effects of various parameters, including the pH, reaction time, catalyst dose, and MB concentration, on the photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts were also evaluated. We believe that these composites are promising photocatalysts for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions under visible light.

The present study investigates the dysbiosis in salivary bacterial diversity by culture-dependent and independent methods. Culturable aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial diversity was studied in saliva collected from 267 postpartum and 54 nonpregnant females by using standard microbiological methods. For unculturable bacterial diversity, DNA from saliva samples of four selected females was sequenced by targeting V4 region of 16S rRNA. In postpartum females, S. mutans was significantly more prevalent. Its colonization was also seen significant among females having gingivitis (P

White blood cells (WBCs) protect human body against different types of infections including fungal, parasitic, viral, and bacterial. The detection of abnormal regions in WBCs is a difficult task. Therefore a method is proposed for the localization of WBCs based on YOLOv2-Nucleus-Cytoplasm, which contains darkNet-19 as a basenetwork of the YOLOv2 model. In this model features are extracted from LeakyReLU-18 of darkNet-19 and supplied as an input to the YOLOv2 model. The YOLOv2-Nucleus-Cytoplasm model localizes and classifies the WBCs with maximum score labels. It also localize the WBCs into the blast and non-blast cells. After localization, the bag-of-features are extracted and optimized by using particle swarm optimization(PSO). The improved feature vector is fed to classifiers i.e., optimized naïve Bayes (O-NB) & optimized discriminant analysis (O-DA) for WBCs classification. The experiments are performed on LISC, ALL-IDB1, and ALL-IDB2 datasets.

N-(4-bromophenyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) was synthesized by the reaction furan-2-carbonyl chloride (1) and 4-bromoaniline (2) in the presence of Et3N in excellent yields of 94%. The carboxamide (3) was arylated by employing triphenylphosphine palladium as a catalyst and K3PO4 as a base to afford N-(4-bromophenyl)furan-2-carboxamide analogues (5a-i) in moderate to good yields (43–83%). Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro anti-bacterial activities of the respective compounds against clinically isolated drug-resistant bacteria A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and S. aureus. The molecule (3) was found to be the most effective activity against these bacteria, particularly NDM-positive bacteria A. baumannii as compared to various commercially available drugs. Docking studies and MD simulations further validated it, expressing the active site and molecular interaction stability.

The crisis in Indian administered Kashmir has halted all areas of social life in wake of the BJP led Indian government’s unilateral decision to revoke the former’s autonomous status. The division of Kashmir into two federally administered territories has deepened the feelings of alienation and subjugation in the Kashmiris. The study attempts to comprehend that how the Kashmir conflict in the post Article 370 scenario was framed in the Indian and Pakistani media along with exploring the geo strategic relevance of Jammu and Kashmir for China. The results of the quantitative content analysis showed that Kashmir conflict was predominantly framed in the war journalism perspective by Indian and Pakistani media. Review of the relevant literature indicated that China seeks to maintain stability in the region as the interaction of Xinjiang and Tibet with the western markets cannot be fully explored without peaceful settlement of Kashmir conflict and developing strong linkages with both New Delhi and Islamabad.

The objective of the present study was to differentiate and compare the proximate composition, minerals, flesh colour, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activities of varieties of white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and potato (WFP) locally grown in Pakistan. The results showed that WFP presented higher moisture and crude fat content, while WFSP offered better ash, crude protein, and crude fibre contents. Colour analysis revealed that WFSP and WFP showed the highest L* (lightness) values and exhibited the maximum total phenolic content and total flavonoids content of 9.27 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g and 19.01 ± 0.66 mg QE/g. In vitro, results demonstrated that WFSP possessed better antioxidant activity with the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power of 58.67 ± 0.22 mM Fe2+/g and DPPH scavenging activity of 39.12 ± 0.33% compared to WFP. It is concluded that WFSP possesses a better proximate and mineral profile followed by higher antioxidant activity.

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a specialized form of adaptive networks, where any change in one node can affect other nodes in the network. Millions of devices, including vehicles, buildings, healthcare, industries, and several other types of devices, share and exchange sensitive data among each other. Interconnection of these devices changes the paradigms of the world around us and puts a great effect on the overall society. The number of nodes, types of devices, layout of the overall network, and sensitivity of the data adds more and more complexity in the domain of SIoT. In this paper, our contribution is twofold, first, we provide a brief and comprehensive overview of the social aspects of the IoT by selecting the most recent papers to investigate the complexity, adaptivity, and other social aspects of the IoT and their implications. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits of IoT to the society, social acceptance of IoTs, and social connectivity of different age groups. Second, we forecast the future trends and predict the world in the year 2020. We provide a detailed analysis by using several different data tables to present the future trends of different aspects of SIoT. With this survey, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of different challenges in implementing SIoT and how it will affect the future smart cities and overall impact on the society.

The Histopathological changes of 100 Endometrial curetting and 100 uteri in patients of excessive uterine bleeding in our population at Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta were studied. Chronic Endometritis (7%) and the cystic Hyperplasia (9%) were the most important causes of excessive uterine bleeding in endometrial curetting. The patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were mostly post menopausal. No case of endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in this series. The Histological study of hysterectomy specimen revealed multiple leiomyomas (67%) and adenomyosis (17%) as the commonest causes of uterine bleeding. Three cases of leiomyosarcoma were diagnosed suggesting a lower frequency of uterine malignancy in our country.