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The land areas and crop species adversely impacted by salinity and heavy metals are growing rapidly. Current research indicates that plant growth-promoting microorganisms offer an environmentally friendly option for improving physiological and biochemical processes in plants growing under stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mitigation of simultaneous salinity and cadmium (Cd) stress in rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17) by the application of Azospirillum sp. (Az), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potassium mobilizing bacteria (KMB), and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM). Seeds were treated with PSB or KMB prior to sowing, whereas Az, PSB, KMB, or VAM were added as supplements during soil preparation. At 21 days after sowing, the plants were treated with a combination of salt (100 mM NaCl) and Cd (0.25 mM CdCl2), with several applications at 7-day intervals. The combination of salt and Cd stress decreased plant growth and biomass, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigment levels, while also increased electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Salt and Cd stress also impaired plant ion balances of sodium, potassium and nitrate, antioxidant defenses, and glyoxalase system activity. Application of Az, PSB, or KMB restored these parameters to unstressed levels by facilitating the scavenging of ROS, maintaining water status, restoring ion balances, enhancing plant antioxidant defenses, and increasing glyoxalase enzyme activity, while reducing methylglyoxal toxicity and improving photosynthetic activity. The application of KMB was the most effective; however, all microbe supplementations showed the ability to alleviate the damage caused by stress in rapeseed. These findings highlight the ability of soil microorganisms with plant growth-promoting properties to improve the physiological and biochemical functions of rapeseed under Cd and salt stress.

Abstract Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crop species worldwide, but its growth and development are adversely influenced by drought stress. However, the application of trace elements is known to improve plant physiology under water-limited conditions. In this study, the effects of drought stress on wheat plants were investigated, with a focus on potential mitigation by foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (Se(np)) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). The experiment was conducted in a net house using a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments involved three levels of drought stress (mild, moderate, and severe) started at 30 days after sowing (DAS), with foliar sprays of Se(np) and Se (both 25 µM) initiated at 27 DAS and repeated 4 times at 7-day intervals until 55 DAS. Results Drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, whereas Se(np) and Se sprays enhanced it. Drought stress induced chlorophyll degradation, increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, impaired membrane stability, and caused electrolyte leakage. Severe drought stress reduced the levels of antioxidants (e.g., proline, ascorbate, and glutathione by 4.18-fold, 80%, and 45%) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and others). Conversely, treatment with Se(np) and Se restored these parameters, for example, 1.23-fold higher total chlorophyll content with Se(np) treatment, 26% higher APX activity with Se treatment, 15% lower electrolyte leakage with Se treatment in wheat plants under severe drought stress. This Se-associated enhancement facilitated rapid scavenging of reactive oxygen species and reduced methylglyoxal toxicity, thereby diminishing oxidative stress and positively affecting the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of the plants under drought. Conclusions Drought-stressed wheat plants exhibited reductions in physiological processes, including water uptake and photosynthetic activity. However, Se(np) and Se applied at 25 µM mitigated the detrimental effects of drought. The application of Se(np) was notably more effective than the application of Se in mitigating drought stress, indicating the potential of the application of Se(np) as a sustainable agricultural practice under water-limited conditions.

IntroductionThe ongoing global expansion of salt-affected land is a significant factor, limiting the growth and yield of crops, particularly rice (Oryza sativa L). This experiment explores the mitigation of salt-induced damage in rice (cv BRRI dhan100) following the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).MethodsRice seedlings, at five- and six-weeks post-transplanting, were subjected to salt stress treatments using 50 and 100 mM NaCl at seven-day intervals. Bacterial cultures consisting of endophytic PGPR (Bacillus subtilis and B. aryabhattai) and an epiphytic PGPR (B. aryabhattai) were administered at three critical stages: transplantation of 42-day-old seedlings, vegetative stage at five weeks post-transplantation, and panicle initiation stage at seven weeks post-transplantation.ResultsSalt stress induced osmotic stress, ionic imbalances, and oxidative damage in rice plants, with consequent negative effects on growth, decrease in photosynthetic efficiency, and changes in hormonal regulation, along with increased methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity. PGPR treatment alleviated salinity effects by improving plant antioxidant defenses, restoring ionic equilibrium, enhancing water balance, increasing nutrient uptake, improving photosynthetic attributes, bolstering hormone synthesis, and enhancing MG detoxification.DiscussionThese findings highlight the potential of PGPR to bolster physiological and biochemical functionality in rice by serving as an effective buffer against salt stress–induced damage. B. subtilis showed the greatest benefits, while both the endophytic and epiphytic B. aryabhattai had commendable effects in mitigating salt stress–induced damage in rice plants.

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is extensively utilized for addressing intricate tasks that involve cooperation and competition among agents in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is challenging and often unfeasible, especially for MASs with a large number of agents. Hence, leveraging knowledge from prior experiences can effectively expedite the MARL learning process. Prior work has shown that we successfully facilitated transfer learning for MARL by consolidating various state spaces into fixed-size inputs, enabling a single unified deep-learning policy applicable to several scenarios within the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge (SMAC) environment. In this study, we expand SMAC to Multi-Player enabled SMAC (MP-SMAC) by enabling the dynamic selection of training opponents and introducing a co-evolving MARL framework, which creates a co-evolutionary arena where multiple policies learn simultaneously. Our arena comprised the simultaneous training of multiple policies in diverse scenarios, pitting them against both static AI opponents and their peers within MP-SMAC. Furthermore, we integrate co-evolution with curriculum transfer learning into Co-MACTRL framework, enabling our MARL policies to systematically acquire knowledge and skills across predetermined scenarios organized by varying difficulty levels, including evolving opponents. The results revealed significant enhancements in MARL learning performance, demonstrating the advantage of leveraging the co-evolving opponents and maneuvering skills obtained from different scenarios. Additionally, the Co-MACTRL learners consistently attained high performance across a range of SMAC scenarios, showcasing the robustness and generalizability of Co-MACTRL.

Sleep apnea (SA) is one of the most prevalent sleep-related problems, impacting more than 100 million people worldwide. A full-night Polysomnography (PSG) is an effective SA diagnosis strategy. However, it requires multiple wearable devices and the patient staying overnight to collect the findings, rendering it both a time-consuming and costly option. Research attempts to develop non-invasive, sensor-based, or automated solutions for diagnosing SA are also made in recent years. In this study, we analyzed a total of 85 papers, shortlisted from an initial collection of 954 articles published in reputable scientific repositories, e.g., IEEE Xplore, PubMed Central (PMC), Springer, Elsevier etc., where each chosen study was thoroughly examined to determine its contribution and performance. A detailed analysis of data preprocessing, feature extraction and classification algorithm is also addressed. It is found that most of the studies are based on signal analysis for identifying sleep apnea, which yields results with substantial reliability, while contemporary research emphases have been on heart rate variability and pulse oximetry outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various hallmarks in cancers. Triple‐negative (Estrogen receptor, ER; Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2; Progesterone receptor, PR) breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancers with a poor prognosis and no available molecular targeted therapy. Methods We reviewed the current literature on the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis of patients with TBNC. Results LncRNAs are associated with TNBC pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis. For example, lncRNAs such as small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), lincRNA‐regulator of reprogramming (LincRNA‐ROR), etc., are aberrantly expressed in TNBC and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. LncRNAs act as a decoy, scaffold, or sponge to regulate the expression of genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and progression of TNBC. Moreover, lncRNAs such as ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3), BMP/OP‐responsive gene (BORG) contributes to the therapy resistance property of TNBC through activating ABCB1 (ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1) drug efflux pumps by increasing DNA repair capacity or by inducing signaling pathway involved in therapeutic resistance. Conclusion In this review, we outline the functions of various lncRNAs along with their molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance of TBNC. Also, the prognostic implications of lncRNAs in patients with TNBC is illustrated. Moreover, potential strategies targeting lncRNAs against highly aggressive TNBC is discussed in this review.

Ozone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3-exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants.

Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) is considered as an effective source of biostimulants that have the potential of ameliorating the negative impact of different abiotic stresses in plants. Considering the growth-promoting ability and other regulatory roles of ANE, the present investigation was executed to evaluate the role of ANE in conferring arsenic (As) tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan89). Rice seedlings (35-d-old) were exposed to two doses of sodium arsenate (As1 − 50 mg As kg–1 soil; As2 − 100 mg As kg–1 soil) at 25 days after transplanting through irrigation, whereas only water was applied to the control. Foliar application of 0.1% ANE was also supplemented under control as well as As-stressed conditions at 7 days intervals for 5 times. Arsenic-induced oxidative stress was evident through a sharp increase in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal, and electrolyte leakage in the As-treated plants. As a consequence, plant growth and biomass, leaf relative water content, as well as yield attributes were reduced noticeably. On the other hand, ANE supplemented plants accumulated enhanced levels of ascorbate and glutathione, their redox balance, and the activities of antioxidant and glyoxalase enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, respectively. Furthermore, relative water content, plant growth, yield attributes and yield were increased in the As-treated rice plants with ANE supplementation. The results reflected that foliar spray with ANE alleviated As-induced oxidative stress in rice plants by modulating the antioxidative defense and glyoxalase system.

Cancer is one of the vital causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and recognized as the second most leading cause of death. Considering the side effects and high cost of synthetic anticancer drugs, plant might act as a source of novel anticancer agents with better host safety. In this investigation, MOLME was subjected to evaluate its anti-proliferative effect with molecular mechanism in EAC cell in Swiss albino mice. MOLME inhibited EAC cell growth approximately 64% at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight. DAPI stained cells had shown nuclear condensation and fragmentation in treated cells. Up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene Bax and tumour suppressor gene p53; and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 confirm the induction of EAC cells followed by MOLME treatment. Moreover, MOLME inhibited NF-𝜅B activity and enhanced ROS generation. Results suggest that the anticancer effect of MOLME is associated with the induction of apoptosis through activation of p53 and reciprocal expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The apoptosis might be triggered by the inactivation of NF-𝜅B and generation of ROS. GC-MS analysis revealed that MOLME contains several bioactive compounds, thus it is assumed that the anticancer properties could be attributed by the active leads and could be potential resource of chemotherapeutics. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2021; 4(2.000): 161-170]

In this report, we study the Yttrium-doped Barium Titanate (Y-BT) Ba1 − xYxTiO3 (with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 mmol) perovskite ceramics synthesized by sol-gel method. The as-made powder samples were pressed into a pellet shape and subsequently sintered at 1300 °C for 5 h in air. The structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of the synthesized samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), impedance analyzer, and UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy respectively. The XRD study revealed the formations of single phase tetragonal structure of Barium Titanate (BT) with ∼23–33 nm mean crystallite size. The crystallite size increases initially with Y-doping, found at about 33 nm for x = 0.01, and reduces for increase in Y3+ concentration further. The microstructural study from FESEM depicts the uniform distribution of compact and well-faceted grain growth for Y-BT in contrast with undoped barium titanate. The average grain size (∼0.29–0.78 μm) of the Y-BT decreases with increasing doping concentration. Frequency-dependent impedance analyses show enhanced dielectric properties like dielectric constant, quality factor, and conductivity with low dielectric loss in the presence of Yttrium. The optical bandgap energy (∼2.63–3.72 eV) estimated from UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflection data shows an increasing trend with a higher concentration of yttrium doping.

The by-products of pineapple fruits such as stems and leaves are generally considered as agro-wastes, but these wastes can be used as raw materials for reinforced fibre, yarn and eventually in fabric formation. Unlike PALF, Jute is a bast fibre and one of the main cash crops of Bangladesh, which has already proven as a versatile fibre. In this study, the spinning performance of PALF such as fineness, bundle strength, breaking tenacity and breaking elongation properties have been studied and compared with jute. It showed that the physical and structural characteristics of PALF were similar to jute fibre, even in some cases PALF is better. Another study was done in which it was found that surface characteristics like color strength (K/S value), whiteness, yellowness, and brightness signifies that the PALF yarn is almost similar in comparison with jute yarn. Besides, Pineapple Leaf Fibres contained relatively greater diameter compared with that for jute fibre and consequently, the quality ratio value of yarn for PALF was much smaller than that of jute yarn. Finally, a comparative decision is made; that the use of PALF can be a sustainable replacement toward an economy based agricultural solution for Bangladesh.

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a good supplementary cementitious material for concrete production, as it requires low energy and emits negligible greenhouse gas during processing and service life as well as it shows high pozzolanic reactivity. The pozzolanic reactivity of RHA depends on its amorphous silica content, fineness, mix proportion, available alkaline media, and temperature because all of these factors are related to the dissolution of silica from RHA. Thus, incineration time, temperature, processing, and grinding of RHA should be controlled to acquire the desired level of pozzolanic reactivity. Depending on the filler effect and pozzolanic reactivity of RHA, concrete’s strength varies. The RHA-blended cement concrete possesses dense microstructure, high mechanical performance, and enhanced durability against harsh environmental exposure. However, the cement replacement level by RHA should be within the optimum level, which is a factor of fineness and the mixed proportion of concrete. This review covered the current practice and guidelines of RHA-blended concrete. Simultaneously, this review also revealed a gap in in-depth investigations about the long-term durability and serviceability of reinforced RHA-blended concrete. Further research could lead to the application of RHA as a cost- and environmentally competitive alternative in the production of high-performance concrete. The summary and discussions provided in this paper will provide both direction and knowledge on the applications of greener and more sustainable RHA-blended concrete for researchers.

The performance of a sustainable green concrete with fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and stone dust (SD) as a partial replacement of cement and sand was experimentally explored. FA and RHA have a high silica content, are highly pozzolanic in nature and have a high surface area without any treatment. These by-products show filler effects, which enhance concrete’s density. Results showed that the FA and RHA materials have good hydration behaviour and effectively develop strength at an early age of concrete. SD acts as a stress transferring medium within concrete, thereby allowing the concrete to be stronger in compression, and bending. Consequently, water absorption capacity of the sustainable concrete was lower than that of the ordinary one. However, a little reduction in strength was observed after the replacement of the binder and aggregate using the FA, RHA and SD, but the reduction was insignificant. The reinforced structure with sustainable concrete containing the FA, RHA, and SD generally fails in concrete crushing tests initiated by flexural cracking followed by shear cracks. The sustainable concrete could be categorized as a perfect material with no significant conciliation in strength properties and can be applied to design under-reinforced elements for a low-to-moderate service load.

Objective: To evaluate the cephalometric norm for Saudi sample by Ricketts analysis (RA). Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cephalometric radiographs were taken for 500 samples. The subjects included 250 males and 250 females. The ages of the subjects ranged from 18-30years. The criteria of selection were based on Class I incisor relationship, no skeletal abnormality and no previous orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitized by SPSS software, according to RA. An independent t-test was used to test the level of significance between genders. Results: Significant disparities found between Saudi males and females in dental and soft tissue measurements. The result showed that the distal position of the maxillary first molar to pterygoid vertical plane (U6 to Ptv) measurement was highly significantly greater (p

The rapid and early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is key to control the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study was conducted to clinically evaluate a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit, Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor®, Republic of Korea), with reference to the standard real-time RT-PCR for detection of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 900 COVID-19 suspected patients. Among them, 34.11% (n = 307) were diagnosed as COVID-19 cases by RT-PCR assay, of which 85% (n = 261) were also detectable using the RDT. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RDT compared to RT-PCR were 85.02% and 100%, respectively, regardless of age, sex, and type of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Most of the RT-PCR positive cases (94%) were found within the first five days of disease onset, and the sensitivity of RDT was 85.91% for the same samples. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the RDT was 100%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 92.8%. The Cohen's kappa value of 0.882 indicated excellent agreement between the RDT and RT-PCR assays. The findings of this study showed the potential use of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based RDT to expedite the diagnostic process and onward COVID-19 management in Bangladesh.

Objective: To establish the cephalometric (Ceph.) norm by Ceph. for orthognathic surgery (COGS) analysis for Saudi population. Material and Methods: 500 adult Saudi samples (250 males and 250 females) with the age range of 18-30 years old were selected for this study. The selections of samples were based on a normal occlusal relationship, no history of facial trauma and no previous orthodontic treatment. Lateral Ceph. radiographs were tracing by CASSOS software and analyzed by SPSS software according to COGS analysis. Results: Significant differences were showed between the Saudi males and females on most of the Ceph. parameters. The Saudi males had a convex facial profile with chin prominent and more bimaxillary protrusion, upper and lower lip protrusion than the Saudi females. Conclusion: This study evaluated the craniofacial morphological difference between the male and the female population in Saudi Arabia by using COGS analysis. The finding of this study will help for better diagnosis of orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment planning and identify the morphological facial characteristics of Saudi patients.

This study based on free vibration analysis and study the behavior of framed structure under different frequency of vibration using ANSYS software and shaking table. A small scale uni-axial shaking table was prepared in laboratory, which can produce lower to moderate vibration, regarding frequency and velocity. Moment resisting framed structures constructed with connecting beam and column elements of mild steel wire of different dimensions were tested in shaking table and analyzed using ANSYS software. The effect of masses and stiffness of structures on its natural frequency and deflection under certain ground vibration also studied and discussed. The test results showed that, this shaking table is satisfying the general concept of free vibration. The height of structures has an inverse effect on its natural frequency for same lateral stiffness. After several shaking, structure’s natural frequency started to decreases with their decreasing stiffness. Therefore, the fabricated shaking table can used in free vibration analysis.

Moment resisting frame (MRF) structures are gaining popularity for their high lateral stiffness. This study investigates the parameters which affecting the natural frequency of moment resisting frame structures. Steel and concrete MRF structures were studied theoretically, analyzed numerically to obtain their mode shapes and frequency of vibration for each mode. From the theoretical and analytical results, a model equation for approximation of natural frequency of these types of MRF structures is proposed. The proposed model expressed the relationship of natural frequency of MRF structure with its total mass, lateral dimension in the direction of vibration and total height. The proposed equation will be helpful and easy to calculate the fundamental frequency for study on dynamic behavior of structures. Comparison between the current guidelines and proposed model is also discussed. The proposed model is satisfying the general concept of free vibrational response, and can be applied for analyzing small and full scale structures.

This research aims to study the spinnability of pristine PALF and PALF blended cotton using the existing spinning machines. Apron draft ring spinning frame and flyer jute spinning frame were used to produce 100% PALF yarn and the yarns count were found 121 tex and 138 tex separately. Besides, 90:10 and 80:20 cotton-PALF blended 30 tex yarn spun in a cotton spinning system with different twist factors. With both yarns, two samples; 1/1 plain and 3/1 twill fabrics, were fabricated through equal density. For plain and twill fabric, PALF yarn of 121 tex and 138 tex were used in the warp way, respectively and PALF blended cotton yarn of 60 tex was used in the weft way. Through the study, physio-mechanical properties of the samples were explored and FTIR & XRD patterns were analyzed to perform the task for diversified use as an ultimate fiber in industrial and domestic purposes.

The demand for novel technology for manufacturing lightweight concrete has increased in the global construction industry. Therefore, studies that explore alternative lightweight concrete systems for structural applications are urgently needed. The objective of this study is to develop structural fibered foamed concrete by the addition of polypropylene fiber, fly ash, and silica fume. Foamed concrete was obtained by replacing sand with fly ash. The properties of the foamed concrete were enhanced with polypropylene fiber and fine silica fume. Structural fibered foamed concrete with dissimilar densities of foamed concrete (1000, 1300, 1600, and 1900 kg/m3) is essential for examining compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths, drying shrinkage and creep. The foamed concrete with a density of 1000–1900 kg/m3 and a hardened strength of 10–70 MPa have be made by the adding of polypropylene fiber and fine silica fume. Fine silica fume and polypropylene fiber considerably promoted the hardened strength of the foamed concrete. Besides, the addition of polypropylene fiber significantly enhanced the tensile strength and increased the creep resistance and drying shrinkage. Therefore, structural fibered foamed concrete can be used as a substitute lightweight concrete material for the production of structural concrete applications in the construction industries today. Keywords: Creep, Shrinkage, Foam agent, Lightweight concrete, Foamed concrete (FC), PP fiber, Fiber-reinforced materials, High-strength concrete, Compressive, Flexural, And splitting tensile strengths

In today's rapidly advancing world, more deliberate development and implementation of energy‐efficient thermal management systems is emergent. In industrial and engineering contexts, the regulation of heat and mass transfer phenomena is heavily swayed by factors such as heat and mass fluxes, and wall temperature, and concentration levels. In cryogenic containers, understanding heat flux and wall temperature is essential for maintaining ultra‐low temperatures over extended periods. In this context, our paper embarks on modeling the transient dynamics of a radiant Casson fluid adjacent to a steeped plate, which is featured by its emission of both heat and mass fluxes. The plate is under two thermal conditions, namely uniform wall temperature (UWT) and uniform heat flux (UHF), which are crucial in modulating both upward and downward heat transport processes. The Laplace transform (LT) technique yields close‐form solutions for the model's governing equations. The distribution of flow and salient physical quantities are graphed and elucidated in response to intricate physical parameters. A comparative graphical analysis of UWT and UHF scenarios reveals stark differences. Notably, the fluid's flow rate appears considerably amplified in the UWT scenario compared to the UHF one. Furthermore, the UHF setting profoundly influences the heat and mass transportation within the fluid's flow realm. A pronounced Casson parameter tends to thin out the velocity profile. Concurrently, a heightened radiation parameter results in a reduction in fluid temperature. The theoretical framework explored in our study is not just an academic exercise but holds tangible applicability across varied sectors. This spans from rocket chamber cooling, where fine‐tuned heat flux conditions are paramount for safeguarding operations, to industries like cosmetics and food processing, which demand meticulous thermal regulation to ensure product excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternanthera philoxeroides and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix offer significant nutritional benefits. This study evaluates the proximate composition, amino acid profile, GC-MS analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and EDX, and color values of edible paper sheets (EPSs) derived from Alternanthera philoxeroides incorporating different levels of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix flesh. The protein content in the EPSs varied based on fish flesh incorporation, peaking at 52.66% in Ap100/Hm300 (Non-boil). Protein and carbohydrate contents showed an inverse correlation across EPSs, with the highest carbohydrate content of 60.89% in sample Ap400/Hm0 (Boil). Lipid content was also found to correlate with H. molitrix flesh content in EPSs, ranging from 1.59% to 18.41%. Amino acid analysis identified 11 types, with methionine as the most prevalent, followed by leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. GC-MS analysis revealed 51 bioactive compounds, including carbonic acid, hentriacontane, and various fatty acids. FT-IR analysis showed characteristic bonds, while color analysis displayed L* values ranging from 24.37 to 30.97. SEM analyses depicted the microstructure, surface view, and elemental composition of the EPSs, and EDX showed an abundance of Ca, N, K, O, C, Mg, Na, P, Cl, Mn, and Fe. Therefore, EPSs prepared from A. philoxeroides and H. molitrix could offer a promising approach for effectively utilizing aquatic biomass and providing both plant and animal nutrients to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zombie process is a type of process that has completed its execution but still has an entry in the process table. Zombie processes are typically created when a child process terminates, but its parent process fails to collect its termination status. Now that the fork () has created a new process, it duplicates the calling process. The new process is referred to as the child process. The calling process is referred to as the parent process. The child and parent processes are to run in separate memory spaces. Both memory spaces have the same content at the time of fork (). Whenever in Linux, a process is an instance of executing a program or command. While these processes exist, they will be in one of the five possible states, such as Running or Runnable (R), Uninterruptible Sleep (D), or Interruptable Sleep (S). Another process (the parent process) creates a child computing process. This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems and is sometimes called a subprocess or, traditionally, a subtask. Hence, there are five Linux process states. Such as running & runnable, interruptable sleep, uninterruptable sleep, stopped, and zombie. Each of these processes exists for a very well-defined reason. After all, a zombie process in Linux is a terminated child process that remains in the system's process table while waiting for its parent process to collect its exit status. A zombie process is a type of process that has completed its execution but still has an entry in the process table. As a result, if too many zombie processes are generated, the process table will be full. That is, the system will not be able to generate any new process, then the system will come to a standstill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotational buoyancy assumes a substantial role in a multitude of natural and engineering systems, with particular emphasis on astrophysical and geophysical scenarios. The primary objective of this study is to delve into the intricate dynamics of a rotational flow subjected to forces from rotational buoyancy, magnetic field, Hall effects, and infrared radiation in a Casson fluid medium adjacent to a thermal plate. The LT technique is harnessed to yield the closed‐form solutions for the dimensionless governing flow system. Through graphical analyzes, the physical implications of key contextual parameters are elucidated. Our findings demonstrate that Hall currents and rotational buoyancy forces jointly act to restrict primary fluid motion while amplifying secondary motion. An upswing in the Casson parameter leads to a marked reduction in the magnitude of the velocity components. Furthermore, intensified infrared radiation results in a more flattened thermal distribution. The primary directional shear stress attenuates, while an inverse bias is observed for the shear stress along the secondary direction, particularly with higher values of the Hall and rotation parameters. The insights gained from this study have practical implications for the design and operation of various systems involving rotational components, such as rotary machinery, automotive systems, and industrial automation, and contribute to weather forecasting and climate modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]