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Hypertension is both a cardiovascular condition and risk factor for other forms of cardiovascular disease. An increase in BP increases the forces applied to the endothelium and can cause initiation of an atherosclerotic lesion. Changes in pressure may also cause established plaques to rupture, which not only can initiate an event such as an infarct but also cause a proliferation of existing plaques. From 40 to 70 years of age, an increase of systolic BP by 20 mmHg increases risk of CVD in systolic blood pressure of hypertensive will prevent one death for every 11 patients treated. Basically, hypertension is a condition of chronically elevated blood pressure. Nutrition treatment of hypertension include lifestyle modification in which nutrition therapy, physical activity, ideal BMI, weight loss goals are added to prevent the more risk. Furthermore, the DASH is used to approach the nutrition therapy for hypertension. Minerals are added to diet to treat the hypertension i.e., potassium, calcium magnesium have all been positively correlated with reduction of BP and treatment of hypertension. It is important to remember that the nutritional effects demonstrated by the DASH study and in particular the relationship between K, Ca, Mg and blood pressure reduction were a result of a dietary pattern rich in these nutrients rather than mineral intake from supplements.

Medicinal plants are tremendous source in herbal medicine for treatment of diverse range of disease, due to increasing rate of microbial infections their in vitro antimicrobial activity was analyzed. Mycotoxic effect of aqueous extract of medicinal plants Zatartia multiflora, Thymus vulgaris and Psammogeton canescens on asexual life cycle of Aspergillus nigar ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 1015 were analyzed. To investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of Z. multiflora, T. vulgaris and P. canescens aqueous extract with three dilutions 0.13, 0.25 and 0.50% were prepared and their antifungal activity on three reproductive stages spore germination, mycelia elongation and sporulation (spore viability) of Aspergillus nigar ATCC 1015 were checked and compare with standard drug Miconazole. Plants under study possess antifungal activity that varied at different stages of reproduction, the intensity of inhibitory effects varied with the species and the concentration of extract used. P. canescens has remarkable inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelia elongation with increase in concentration as compared to T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora. P. canescens also has well enough antifungal activity on sporulation it completely retards the spore formation at 0.50% and linear decrease in spores viability was recorded with the rise in extract amount in the medium while T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora also significantly affect spore formation and viability of spores. The maximum reduction in spore formation and viability of spore was recorded at 0.50% extract concentration i.e., 35.10 %and 64.31 %, respectively, in Zataria multiflora extract with respect to control. The standard drug Miconazole possesses splendid antifungal activity at all three stages of Aspergillus nigar strain. Hence A. nigar is extremely sensitive to Miconazole and P. canescens while T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora have significant inhibitory effects on spore germination, sporulation and on spore viability reproductive stages of Aspergillus nigar ATCC 1015.

PurposeThe study aimed to investigate public library users' most frequent and least frequent activities in the library and demographic differences in the use of public libraries. The study also explored library users' perceived importance of library resources, services and the value of the library as a place.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research design and survey research method were used to achieve the objectives of the study. A multistage sampling technique was employed to approach the targeted population. At the first stage, ten functional libraries of Lahore were selected purposively. The targeted population was users of the ten public libraries of the Punjab, Lahore. At the second stage, convenience sampling was used to collect data from public library users. The instrument of the research study was the questionnaire and it was developed with the help of the literature and administrated personally. The questionnaire was distributed to 384 public library users of the Lahore district and 301 questionnaires were returned out of 384.FindingsThe results of the study showed that library users frequently visited the library for reading personal books and examination preparation; however, they never or rarely used e-databases, photocopy and printer services, computer stations, the internet, library catalog and socialization with friends. Significant differences were found among public library users in their public library use on the basis of gender, age, designation and academic qualification. The library collection played a very important role in developing the community's reading habits, supporting academic achievements and self-grooming.Practical implicationsThe results of the study suggest that public librarians can expand library reading halls space and provide a comfortable reading environment for the users. Library community programs are helpful in lifelong learning; therefore, the library should organize community programs (i.e. storytelling sessions, workshops and interactive sessions) for their users. Public libraries can strengthen their services by considering demographic differences in public library use.Originality/valueThe study is valuable as it will examine the public libraries' use, demographic differences in use and users' perceived importance of library resources, service and place in Pakistani context. Very few studies investigated gender differences in public library; however, this study's findings will contribute to knowledge by examining various demographic differences in library use.

Honey is popular all over the world and used commonly in medicines and food. This study was designed to compare the natural and commercial honey for their antioxidant enzymes. In this study, 11 different honey samples were collected from different areas of Balochistan. The activity of different antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes were measured and compared by standard curves of pure enzymes moreover, protein content was also determined by using Bradford Assay. Results showed that highest protein content was found in one of the natural honey samples (4.42 ± 0.02 U/mg) enzymes like superoxide dismutase showed highest activity of (4.93 ± 0.06 U/mg) secondly peroxidase activity of (0.34 ± 0.02 U/mg) and third catalase activity of (0.22 ± 0.01 U/mg) in different natural honey samples. The current study demonstrated that higher concentration of protein content and antioxidant enzymes were found in natural honey which means they are good source of antioxidants. Therefore, antioxidant enzymes can be used as markers for determining the purity and quality of honey.

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID‐19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID‐19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long‐term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients. In addition, we discuss challenges associated with the COVID‐19 vaccination, such as the global access and distribution of vaccine doses, adherence to hygiene guidelines after vaccination, the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, and vaccine resistance. Despite all these challenges and the fact that the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic is still unclear, vaccines have brought great hope for the world, with several reports indicating a significant decline in the risk of COVID19‐related infection and hospitalizations., peer-reviewed

Evaluation of the seed storage protein electrophoretic profile among popular cultivars of date palm (Pheonix dactylifera) available in different regions of Balochistan, Pakistan was conducted. The genetic diversity of seed proteins of 12 cultivars were examined by electrophoresis. Twenty one protein bands with different mobility rates were identified within a molecular weight range of 11 to 351 KDa. The cultivar from Panjgur (Soorri) was well resolved on SDS-PAGE from the all other cultivars and gave the highest number of intense bands due to unique genetic build up. Genetic diversity among cultivars was evaluated by constructing the dendrogram for protein bands, which showed the cultivar (SP1) which is significantly different from all other cultivars on the basis of similarities in molecular weight of proteins.

Wheat belongs to Gramineae family and it is called as silicon accumulator. Utilizing the saline lands is one of the critical techniques introduced to increase the production of wheat in the world. Application of silicon can reduce the adverse effects of salinity in wheat grown under salt stress. Therefore, in this research effect of silica gel as a common source of silicon was investigated on wheat grown under salt stress. Seeds of four varieties, two salt sensitive (Sariab & Pir-sabaq) & two salt tolerant (Zarlashta & Zardana) were treated with silicon in the form of silica gel (SiO2) in the presence & absence of salt. After harvesting of the wheat, sodium and potassium concentrations were observed in the wheat plants. The dried wheat plants were acid digested and sodium and potassium were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that salt stress suppressed not only the growth but also increased the sodium concentration in plants. Sodium concentration was increased from 12.87 to 19.63 mg/Kg under salt stress of 100 mM of NaCl. Whereas, potassium concentration decreased from 102.61 to 92.92 mg/Kg under salt stress. When silica gel was applied to salt stressed plants, the sodium concentration decreased (16 mg/Kg) with an increase in potassium concentration (114.73 mg/Kg). Silica gel as a source of silicon positively affected ion homeostasis by increasing potassium and decreasing sodium concentration in wheat varieties grown under salt stress. It is, therefore, suggested that application of silicon must be included in salt stress alleviation techniques.

Un-doped CdS and Zn metal-doped CdS (0.1-0.5 M) were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Properties like optical band gap and conductivity were determined by different characterization techniques. UV-Visible spectroscopy was applied to estimate the band gap where it showed a significant blue shift due to quantum confinement effect. Size determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was found to be in nanorange from 41 to 60 nm for both un-doped and metal doped CdS nanocrystals. EDAX confirmed the doping by showing peak for Zn. XRD (X-ray diffraction) showed the lattice structure to be cubic for the synthesized nanoparticles and conductivity for un-doped CdS was 7.69E-6 Ω-1m-1 where it changes to 9.25E-6 Ω-1 m-1 and 7.98E-6 Ω-1m-1 for 0.2 M and 0.5 M Zn-doped CdS, respectively. In order to obtain good results, nanocrystals having highest conductivity are used in soft lithographic technique. Here µTM (micro transfer-molding) was followed for patterning with PDMS (poly-(dimethylsiloxane)) mold and silicon substrate for better results.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sensitive plant for both biotic and abiotic stresses and directly losses the production rate under these stresses. The beneficial role of silicon has been explored in the beginning of twentieth century. Therefore the current experiment was carried out to explore the effect of silicon on defense system of wheat by antioxidant enzymes assay. In this study two wheat cultivars Umeed and Zarghoon, were grown in soil under salt stress of 100 mM NaCl. The treatments included C1 (Control), C2 (Control + salt), S1 (Na2SiO3) and S2 (Na2SiO3 + Salt). When the fag leaf appeared both the wheat cultivars were compared by estimating their antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and soluble protein in different treatments. The soluble proteins and antioxidant enzymes in wheat decreased under salt stress of 100 mM NaCl. Whereas by silicon supplementation in salt stressed wheat plants, improvement in the protein quantity was observed. The application of silicon improved the defense mechanism of plant and increased the antioxidant enzymes which were suppressed by the salt stress. Umeed showed more improvement as compared to Zarghoon variety. Overall it was concluded that silicon has helped the wheat plants to mitigate the salt stress by strengthening its defense mechanism which was apparent by superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activity.

Priming effect of silicon sources (silica gel and sodium silicate) on the seeds of four wheat cultivars of Balochistan was studied to determine their effectiveness in increasing relative salt tolerance. The study depicts that all priming treatments of silicon sources (except sodium silicate 2%) enhanced germination and reduced mean germination time (MGT) of seeds in comparison to the control i.e. hydropriming. After germination, the young seedlings were grown in hydroponics in Hoagland’s culture solution under controlled conditions in non-saline and saline (100 mM NaCl) environments. All the growth parameters (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights of plants and chlorophyll content of leaves) severely reduced in hydroprimed seeds under saline environments, although increased by priming seeds with silicon sources. Thus silica compounds have potential effects to break the seed dormancy and improve the growth of wheat under salinity stress.

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

Nutrition is a vital element of health. More decisively, nutrition is part of the treatment routine for acute and chronic diseases and applies mainly to conditions for which an etiologic treatment has not yet been discovered. Ebola virus outbreak Western Africa in the 2014–2016 proved that immediate supportive care significantly reduces case mortality rates [1]. This may relate as well to the current COVID-19 pandemic that is disturbing the world. Emerging evidence shows that COVID-19 is associated with negative outcomes in older, comorbid, and hypoalbuminemia patients. These features are not specific to the Chinese residents because they have been testified also in North American patients with COVID-19. When measured together, the emerging literature on patients with COVID-19 indirectly highlights the applicability of nutrition in possibly determining their outcomes. Older age and the presence of comorbid conditions are almost consistently associated with impaired nutritional status and sarcopenia, independently of body mass index. Fascinatingly, a high body mass index score appears to be related to a poor prognosis in comorbid patients with COVID-19, which further points to a possible role of sarcopenic obesity in influencing the outcome [2].

Purpose Salinity pose severe threat to cultivation as it drastically affects the plant sustainability and yield. The intended aim of current consensus is to assess effects of sodium silicate and salicylic acid on wheat genotypes (slat tolerant and salt sensitive) grown under salt. Methods This experiment was designed to check the effect of silicon on wheat varieties, so four different wheat genotypes named as (Umeed, Rasco, Zarghoon and Shahkaar) were grown in hydroponics under saline and normal environment. Sodium silicate and salicylic acid were applied on all varieties to determine the slat tolerance ability. Plants were harvested at maturity and different physical and chemical aspects were recorded. Results To assess the salt stress on growth and yield of wheat genotypes. Wheat grown in saline conditions with sodium silicate supplementation showed improvement in all growth parameters as compared to the plants grown under salt stress without silicon supplementation. Higher contents of potassium were observed in plants grown under salt stress with silicon supplementation however, potassium concentration was found less in salicylic acid treatment and control under salt stress. Sodium concentration was found higher under salt stress but sodium silicate application reduced Na+ uptake under salt stress. Significance increase in K+ : Na+ ratio in roots enhance the translocation which in turn elevates salt tolerance ability. Among wheat varieties potassium uptake was quite high in Umeed and Rasco as compared to Zarghoon and Shahkar. Conclusion Based on current results it can be deduced that application of sodium silicate on different wheat varieties mitigated Na+ toxicity by elevating K+: Na+ ratio and net translocation rate in salt stressed plants.

Nutrition play important role in prevention of disease and promote good health if taken with clear understanding of importance of certain foods and assist in prevention of disease. Calcium is very important for bone and teeth health. Similarly zinc is needed for the brain modulation, gene expression DNA, RNA metabolism. Calcium decreases in young adult as they age. When calcium is not enough in the diet the body take calcium from the bone and lead to bone weakness. Zinc helps in wound healing and effect on learning and memory and regulates immune function. Zinc is used to prevent inflammation in lining of digestive tract. Iron is very important for healthy pregnancy, increased energy and better athletic performance. Iron treats anemia and used for brain function and helps in immune boasting, synthesis of neurotransmitters. So calcium carbonate and ferrous sulphate also the sulphate of zinc have already been used as iron zinc and calcium fortification. Two chapati will be prepared one fortified with 114mg Calcium carbonate with 48g of wheat flour and the other chapatti co-fortified with 1.5mg iron and 1.5mg zinc with 48g flours must be fortified manually. Then finally the proximate analysis and sensory evaluation will be performed on the products. In the end the study will be subjected to statistical design to interpret the result.

Un-doped zinc sulphide (ZnS) and noble metal-doped ZnS quantum dots were synthesized by chemical method. The synthesized nanomaterial was characterized by UV-Visible, Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectrometer (FTIR), Fluorescence, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope complemented with energy dispersive X-ray was used to study particle size and chemical composition of un-doped and metal-doped ZnS QDs. A significant red shift in absorption band was observed in metal doped ZnS sample having concentration of impurity 0.05 M with respect to the un-doped ZnS with increasing the size of nanocrystals. Such red shift of the absorption bands are attributed due to quantum confinement effect. As un-doped and noble metal-doped ZnS QDs are direct band gap materials. The band gap energy of ZnS, Ag-doped, and Au-doped ZnS quantum dots is found to 2.5 eV, 2.4 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively. PL spectrum of the un-doped zinc sulphide nanocrytals witnessed two bands, first at 418 nm and second at 468 nm. However, PL spectrum of Ag-doped ZnS nanocrystals shows no green light emission band while a broad emission ranging up to 700 nm in Au-doped ZnS sample. XRD spectra of synthesized QDs exhibited that the material was in cubic phase. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used for comparative study of surfaces of zinc sulphide and noble metal zinc sulphide nanocrystals. The effects of inserting ZnS and noble metal doped ZnS nanocrystals in the active layer on the performance of organic solar cells were studied. The active layer mainly comprises of electron acceptor [6,6] phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and organic electron donor poly (3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) with quantum dots dissolved in dichlorobenzene. The cell conversion efficiency improved by embedding the doped QDs in the active layer blend. The cells fabricated with ZnS QDs exhibited cell conversion efficiency of 1.46%. By doping with silver and gold, the cell conversion efficiency was increased about 1.85% and 2.01%, respectively. The morphology of blend of nanocrystals with P3HT:PCBM were studied using atomic force microscopy.

We report herein the synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped NiO nanoparticles having new morphology with tuned band gap as an efficient photocatalyst using visible light for the removal of alizarin red dye from aqueous solutions. Composites were prepared using different Cu doping ratios via co-precipitation method followed by calcination at two different temperatures. SEM image of Cu-doped NiO (20% Cu doping) is interestingly different from the NiO particles, and different calcination temperatures (400 and 600 °C) greatly affected the morphology of NPs. Lower calcination temperature yielded nanocapsules, whereas the higher calcination produced hexagonal shaped slightly bigger NPs.

Introduction: Depression is a mental health disorder wherein low mood and low energy can affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, behaviour and sense of well-being. It is characterized by disturbed sleeping pattern, change in appetite, fatigue, irritability, reduced ability to concentrate, difficulty in decision making and even suicidal thoughts. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the cognitive impairment with sleeping difficulties and depression among Pakistani population. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi, during May 2018 till November 2018. The data was collected from patients with psychiatric disorders, any type of cognitive impairment such as dementia and mental retardation, patients on anti-depressants, females in post-partum period and patients who had undergone any traumatic event within the last six months. Results: Anxiety scores were strongly associated with depression scores (r=0.65, P Conclusion: It is concluded that high prevalence of anxiety, depression and sleeping difficulties among the Pakistani people. These psychopathologies were further associated with cognitive deficits that affect their daily routine.

Introduction: Kinesio tape is an elastic therapeutic tape that finds its application as an adjunct to professional activities in healthcare, rehabilitation, prevention and sports. In circulatory pathologies, kinesio tape has the function to promote the drainage of excess fluid, activating a lymphatic drainage response. Objectives of the study: The main objectives of the study is to find the effect of intensive exercise program and kinesiotaping following total knee arthroplasty on functional recovery of patients in Pakistan. Methodology of the study: This study was conducted in Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi, during February 2018 till August 2018. We included 50 patients, 35 males and 15 females, presenting pain and functional impairment with knee OA, without concomitant chronic conditions. Patients were of a similar height and weight, had a median age of 63 (54–72 years) and a duration of disease of 5.5 (±4.32) years. Results: When the groups undergoing and not undergoing TKA were considered, no difference was found between the two groups in terms of age (t = − 0.123,p = 0.903). The gender distribution of the groups is not different (p = 1.000). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of body mass index (BMI), Lysholm score, and 6-min walk test score (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that a reduction in knee pain, improvement in knee function and also less need for medication following the use of KT in combination with exercise in patients with knee OA.

Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa), the second deadliest disease affecting males worldwide. Dysregulation of miRNA has been associated with the progression of PCa and in recent studies, miRNA 574-3p was found to be upregulated in cancerous prostate tissue. In this study, we characterize the effects of upregulated miRNA 574-3p on gene expression in the tumor microenvironment through different bioinformatic tools such as Diana-Tools, the KEGG Pathway Database, and the Reactome Database. We have identified nine regulatory genes that are targeted by miRNA 574-3p and downregulated in prostate cells. Pathway analysis of these genes shows that they are involved in the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, apoptosis, DNA damage response, G1 to S cell-cycle control, inflammatory response pathway, angiogenesis, translation factors, and the expression of oncogenes. Our results show the oncogenic potential of miRNA 574-3p in PCa progression and metastasis. Moreover, this study highlights the complex molecular mechanisms and pathways affected by the upregulation of miRNA 574-3p in prostate cells. In future studies, the presented data may aid in designing new therapies for PCa with improved efficacy.

Cigarette smoking is an addictive and destructive behavior and it can cause serious health problems and most important preventable cause of death in the world. In the present study using questionnaire data of smokers (n = 323) and non-smokers (n=218)from the patients in the Out Patients Department (OPD) of civil hospital Quetta was collected. Based on smoking history, the study population was categorized into smokers (

The purpose of this study is multifaceted; firstly, it aims to explore the extent to which marketing intelligence is utilized within corporate sector in Pakistan. Secondly, this paper measures the role of marketing intelligence by strategic function on organizational performance. Research on marketing intelligence has consequently increased and grabbed the attention of researchers and marketers to leverage marketing intelligence resulting in increased organizational performance for the last decade. The study uses exploratory approach, sample of the study consisted of 145 professionals from 30 companies related to different sectors operating in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Structural Equation Model (SEM) Technique was used to test the hypotheses. The study found a strong positive relationship between marketing intelligence by strategic function and organizational performance. The study also found that majority of corporate sector of Pakistan have incorporated and utilized marketing intelligence system. This piece of writing has thrown light on the significance of marketing intelligence and its usefulness as a marketing strategy which not only contributes in the existing body of knowledge but also has many managerial implications. The study endorsed the importance of marketing intelligence by strategic function to heading on this fast-paced competition. As for marketing managers in order to formulate policies; marketing intelligence by strategic function provides a leapfrogging approach to outer perform in the market place.

Silicon supplementation was explored to increase salinity tolerance in plants, in the beginning of this cenutury, therefore silica nanoparticles (SiO2 Nps ) can also be used as a trial to improve salinity tolerance in plants. In this study SiO2 Nps have been synthesyzied by some modification in the conventional method of Stober by thermal hydrolysis of Tetraethylorthosilicate. A compound Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) was synthesized that carried NPK and SiO2 Nps inside the core and Chitosan as the first semi-permeable coating and Sodium Alginate and Kaolin as an outer most superabsorbent coating. The synthesized SiO2 Nps were characterized by TEM and XRD. The water absorbency of CRF beads showed that they can absorb large amounts of water and double their weight. The Nutrient released rate from CRF beads was very slow and sustained for six months at room temperature. The SiO2 Nps containing superabsorbent CRF was capable of releasing the nutrients slowly, withhold large amounts of water therefore can help plants control salinity and survive better in drought and saline conditions without harming the environment. The synthesized compound fertilizer is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic so ideal for growing plants in drought and salt effected areas.

The objective of the study investigates the effects of health on changing labor force participation during Pakistan’s economic transition in the 1980s, a period of several economic liberalization and international integration on the health and financial sectors. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration technique to estimate the short- and long-run elasticities, while the Wald coefficient restrictions tests was used to determine the dynamic short-run causality between the variables over a period of 1975–2011. The study was limited to a few variables, including age dependency, health expenditures, trade openness, population per bed, life expectancy, gross capital formation, mortality rate, secondary school enrolment and labor force participation rate, in order to manage robust data analysis. The results suggest that infant mortality rate (IMR), gross capital formation (GCF) and secondary school enrolment (SSE) decrease the labor force participation rate in the long-run, as if there is one percent increase IMR, GCF and SSE, labor force participation decreases by 0.653 percent, 0.137 percent and 0.220 percent respectively, however, these results invert the relationship in short-run. The study also finds that health expenditures has positive and significant impact on labor force participation rate in the short-run, but this result disappear in the long-run. Trade liberalization has a positive effect in the short run, while a negative effect is observed in the long run upon labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The study confirms that Pakistan did not enjoy substantial growth benefits related to health care because human capital (secondary school enrolment), trade openness, public investment and infant mortality rate have a negative impact on labor force participation rate. These findings have important policy implications. Jel codes H51, I21, J21.