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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women throughout the world. Research on natural anti-cancer products from plants has gained traction. Salvia L. species and their derivatives are rare in Turkey and have suggested for their potential anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study is to assess the potential cytotoxic/apoptotic activities of methanol extract of Salvia candidissima Vahl. subsp. candidissima (SCE) on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A GCxGC-TOF/MS system and a dual stage commercial thermal desorption injector were used to determine the chemical components of SCE. MTT and ATP viability tests were used to investigate the anti-growth activity. The apoptosis-inducing effect was assessed using a fluorescence staining method. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, M30-antigen) levels measured by M30-CytoDeath ELISA Kit. The results showed that SCE suppressed the survival of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, based on the findings of both MTT and ATP cell viability tests and pyknotic cell nuclei were observed via fluorescent staining in both cell lines after 48 h of treatment. The treatment group had greater levels of caspase-cleaved keratin 18 in the MCF-7 cells than the untreated group. These results showed that SCE triggers apoptosis, causes cell death in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. SCE may become promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of breast cancer with further in vitro and in vivo studies.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lignocellulose supplementation (LS) on performance parameters, egg quality, aerobic bacterial load of eggshell, serum biochemical parameters, and jejunal histomorphological traits of laying hens between 18 and 38 wk of age. A total of 640 pullets at 16 wk of age were allotted to 4 treatment groups as 0 kg (control, CONT), 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 2 kg LS per ton of feed. Body weight (BW), daily feed intake, egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), and efficiency of feed utilization (EF) were determined as the mean of each 3-wk period between 18 and 38 wk of age. Laying hens in the 1 kg LS group had a higher BW mean (1632.1 g, P < 0.001). the highest mean value of EP and EW were observed in 1 kg LS group (81.8% and 57.3 g, respectively), whereas the lowest values were found in the 2 kg LS group (78.6% and 54.4 g, respectively, P < 0.001). the mean of EF was the lowest in the 1 kg LS group (2.72, P < 0.001). There was a decline in eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness in the 2 kg LS, when compared with the 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). the total aerobic bacterial load of the eggshell was the lowest in the 1 kg LS group (4.7 log10 cfu/mL). the level of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase showed an incre-ment in both the CONT and 2 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). the high level of LS (2 kg per ton of feed) caused a decline in the levels of IgY, IgA and IgM, when compared to the 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). Laying hens in 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups had longer villus height (1335.9 mm) in the jejunum than the others (P < 0.001). These find-ings showed that the 1 kg LS per ton of feed improved EP and EW, eggshell quality, immunoglobulin levels and intestinal morphology, and decreased the total aerobic bacterial load., Global Nutritech Biotechnology LLC (Richmond, VA, USA), The authors would like to thank Global Nutritech Biotechnology LLC (Richmond, VA, USA) for their financial support.

The clinical syndrome that prevents individuals from living a functional and independent life due to impairments in various cognitive areas is called dementia. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is very common worldwide and mortality rates due to Alzheimer's disease are very high. Age is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In addition to the medical history, laboratory tests and physical examination for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; brain imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and electroencephalography are used. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized histopathologically by the presence of amyloid-β peptides in extracellular senile plaques and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Trace elements are associated with the formation of amyloid-β plaques and play an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.It is thought that the deterioration in metal homeostasis may be a cause of Alzheimer's disease. It was determined that amyloid-β misfolding was significantly affected by the presence of metals both in and around the established Alzheimer's disease plaques. The presence of copper, iron, and zinc in amyloid-β clusters has been recently associated with neurotoxicity. In addition, it has been shown that the redox activity of metal ions can trigger cellular cascades that leads to the production of reactive oxygen species. Studies have shown that restoring the proper metal ion balance in the brain can stop amyloid-β aggregation, break up amyloid plaques, and slow down the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review study, the effect of metal ions on Alzheimer's disease is discussed in the light of current studies in the literature.

Consumer interest in buying eggs from animal welfare-friendly systems with outdoor access is increasing, leading to an increase in the need for knowledge on genotypes suitable for free-range systems. Two Turkish laying hen genotypes, Atak-S (brown, n = 210) and Atabey (white, n = 210), were reared in a free-range system from 19–72 weeks of age, and their suitability for the system was assessed based on laying performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid profile. Mean hen-day and hen-housed egg production were found to be higher in Atabey than Atak-S (p &lt, 0.01). The brown eggs from Atak-S hens tended to be heavier than the white eggs from Atabey hens (p &lt, 0.01). Brown eggs obtained from Atak-S hens had a stronger shell structure (p &lt, 0.01), while white eggs from Atabey hens had higher mean yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit than brown eggs (p &lt, 0.05). At 56 weeks of age, total saturated fatty acid content in yolk was higher in white eggs than in brown eggs (p &lt, 0.01). These findings related to genotype could help free-range egg producers in their choices for more profitable production and for meeting consumer demands on egg quality and egg yolk fatty acid levels.

The current study was performed to investigate the effects of hatching time and feed access time on chick quality, organ development, blood parameters, and intestinal morphology in broilers. A total of 1935 hatching eggs were incubated at 37.8 degrees C with 55 to 60% RH conditions. Chicks were classified according to the hatching time (HT) as follows: chicks hatched before 482 h (early HT), between 482-496 h (medium HT) and 496-510 h (late HT). the hatched chicks were randomly divided into two groups to create two feed access (FA) time: early FA and late PA. Chicks with early PA started to consume feed at the end of each HT, whereas chicks with late FA started to feed at the end of the hatching period (at 510 h). Higher chick weight was observed in chicks in early HT and medium HT groups (P = 0.002). the chicks with late PA were heavier and taller than other chicks with FA. A higher Tona score (86.2) was observed for the chicks in medium HT (P = 0.001). Chicks in late HT group had a higher residual yolk weight, a lower yolk absorption, and a lower yolk free body mass. the chicks with late FA had a lower residual yolk weight, higher yolk absorption and, yolk free body mass (P < 0.01). Development of gizzard, heart, small intestine, and bursa of Fabricius were affected by both hatching time and feed access time. the lowest concentration of glucose was observed in chicks obtained from early HT with late FA (P = 0.002). Villus morphometric parameters in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were affected by HT and FA time (P < 0.05). the current findings showed that the HT of chicks with regard to FA time markedly affected the development and growth pattern of chicks., Scientific Research Project Council of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey [KUAP(Z)-2015/12], This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Project Council of Uludag University (Project Number KUAP(Z)-2015/12), Bursa, Turkey.

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of low (33.3-36.7 ˚C), control (37.8-38.2 ˚C) and high (38.9-40.0 ˚C) eggshell temperatures (ESTs) between days 10-18 of incubation on broiler performance and susceptibility to ascites. The effects of different ESTs on hatchling weight were significant. The highest residual yolk sac weight (7.7 g) and relative yolk sac weight (18.7%) were observed in high EST group, whereas the highest yolk-free body weight (36.22 g) was obtained in the control group. Relative post-hatch heart weight was lower in the high EST group (0.64%) compared with the control (0.84%) and low (0.88%) EST groups. At 6 weeks of age, body weights of broilers of the low, control, and high EST groups were 2172.6, 2543.9, 2282.6 g respectively. During the 6-week life span, the feed conversion ratio of broilers in the low (1.86) and high (1.83) EST groups was significantly worse than of those in the control EST group (1.68). Higher packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) values were obtained in the high EST group relative to the other groups, whereas hemoglobin (Hb) level was lower in the control group than in the others. The relative heart weights and right ventricular to total ventricular (RV:TV) ratio for low, control, and high EST group were 0.46, 0.40, 0.37 g and 0.27, 0.28, 0.33% respectively. In conclusion, incubation length, yolk sac absorption, residual yolk sac weight, yolk-free BW, post-hatch performance, and heart, blood parameters, abdominal fluid accumulation at slaughter age are affected by changes in EST between incubation days 10 to 18.

Backround: Non-governmental organizations (NGO) aresocial organizations that guide the presentation of social services and play aneffective role on legislative, implementation and controlling processes. Thereare NGOs related to health services such as professional rights andsustainability, quality of service delivery, follow-up and feasibility oftechnological developments. There are different practices in the scope of theeffects of NGOs to the social structure among countries. Additionally, thereare differences between developed and developing countries. These differences maybe from the value that governments give to NGOs and their place in society There are a numberof NGOs developed for different purposes in Turkey as well. However, NGOs arecarrying out activities, which are beneficial for society; it is possible tosay that there are aspects that need improvement in Turkey. Many NGOs haveaimed to provide services for the benefit of society. It is very important thatNGOs evaluate the effectiveness of the services that they are offering. Theevaluation of these activities can also provide realistic results by obtainingthe views of healthcare managers. Because healthcare managers can be directlyaffect to the decisions taken by the administrations in planning,implementation and supervision stages. The main aim of this study is evaluationof the effectiveness of NGOs in planning, implementation and controllingprocesses. Methods: The present study aimed to assess the perceptionsof healthcare managers on adequacy of NGOs. The universe of the study iscomposed of the health managers working in İzmir province. 105 health managerswere involved in the study. Questionnaire was developed to collect dataand conducted on the internet. Data was obtained by administrating a structured-questionnaireconsisting two parts. The main part ofthe survey was developed to assess the perceptions of healthcare managers on adequacyof NGOs. The items were rated on a five-point scale (5= strongly agree; 4=agree;3=neither; 2=disagree; 1=strongly disagree). The last part inquired demographicquestions. Afterscanning process, questionnaires which are eligible to be included in theanalysis, were computerized. Statistical program was used for data analysis.Exploratory factor analysis was applied in the study to measure constructvalidity. The reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of the data which were intendedfor overall effectiveness of NGOs data set, and each effectiveness of NGOssubscale items were tested. Correlationanalysis was conducted in order to determine the direction and strength of therelationships among the effectiveness of NGOs. Finally, stepwise regressionanalysis was conducted to determine the effects of independent variables on thedependent variable. Statistically, p value which was equal or less than 0,05was accepted to be significant.Results: The obtained data were analyzed with thestatistical analysis program and the findings were interpreted. As a result,explanatory factor analysis and internal reliability analyses were conducted tothe scale. For the effectiveness of NGOs data set, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinillustration value realized as 0.93, 19 variables are formed under two factorsand explained 83,33% of the variance. These factors are named as basicfunctions; and secondary functions. The reliability tests were conducted ondata for internal consistency. The general Cronbach’s alpha is found 0.98 foreffectiveness of NGOs data sets, over the recommended value of 0.70 forreliability analysis. In the study there is no significant difference was foundbetween the answers given by the health managers according to the gender, joband type of NGOs. In order to analyze the relationship among dimensions ofeffectiveness of NGOs, correlation coefficient values were calculated. Therewas a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of effectivenessof NGOs. Regression analysis is applied to determine the importance ofindependent variables on dependent variables. It is found out that R squarevalue in regression analyses is in the sufficient level for the researches madein social sciences. The regression analysis aims to determine the relativeimportance of effectiveness of NGOs dimensions on adequacy of NGOs. Using thestepwise method, it was found that the overall model explains 0.32 of thevariation in effectiveness of NGOs (p, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK), toplumsal hizmetlerin sunumuna yön veren,kanun koyma, uygulama ve denetleme süreçlerinde etkili rol oynayabilentoplumsal örgütlenmelerdir. STK’ların planlama, uygulama ve denetlemesüreçlerindeki etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacınıoluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın evrenini İzmir ilinde görev yapan sağlıkyöneticileri oluşturmaktadır. Toplam 105 sağlık yöneticisi çalışmaya dahilolmuştur. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak alan araştırması ve anket tekniği uygulanmıştır.Çalışma kapsamında sağlık yöneticilerinin cinsiyet, görev ve üyesi olduklarıSTK türüne göre verdikleri yanıtlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespitedilmemiştir. STK faaliyetlerinin etkililiği boyutları arasında pozitif yöndeyüksek düzeyde anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen regresyonanalizine göre STK faaliyetlerinin yeterliliğini, STK faaliyetlerinin etkinliğiboyutlarından sadece temel işlevlerin etkililiği boyutunun etkilediği tespitedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, STK’lar demokratik toplumların temel göstergelerindenbiri olan STK’ların yeterli ve etkili bir şekilde çalışmaları gerekmektedir.

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of higher setter and hatcher temperatures on slaughter weight and carcass yield. In experiment 1, setter temperatures were applied as control (37.8-38.2 °C) and high (38.9-40.0 °C) between days 10 and 18 during incubation. In experiment 2, hatcher temperatures were applied as control (36.8-37.0 °C) and high (38.8-39.0 °C) during the hatching period. A total of 240 chicks from each experiment were randomly selected after the hatching process was complete. At the end of the growing period, a total of 120 broilers from each experiment were weighed and slaughtered at 42 days of age. The carcass weight was lower in the higher temperature groups in both experiments. In the higher setter temperature group, the breast weight was lower with a value of 981.4 g, but the percentage of breast was higher with a value of 45.59%. In experiment 2, the weight and the percentage of breast was similar in the control and high hatcher temperature groups. In conclusion, slaughter weight and carcass yield are affected by higher setter and hatcher temperatures.

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of breeder age on incubation results, intestinal development during hatch window, chick quality and first week broiler performance. A total of 4800 eggs were obtained from commercial Cobb 500 broiler breeder flocks at 33 and 62 weeks old. Of these 33 and 62 weeks old flocks, 31.4% and 7.0% were hatched 24 h before pull time and 51.2% and 56.0% were hatched 12 h before pull time, respectively. Hatchability of fertile eggs and hatchability of total eggs were found higher in 33 weeks old flock than the other. The chick hatch weight was determined as 39.5 g and 41.4 g in 33 and 62 weeks old flocks, respectively. Chick weight/initial egg weight rate was found to be higher as 67.3% in the 33 weeks old flocks. On hatching day, chick length were also higher in 62 weeks old flock. Relative yolk-free chick weight was higher in 33 weeks old (85.0%) flock than the other (82.0%). Intestine weight rate was higher as 5.27% in chicks from 33 weeks old tha...