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Busra Aydin,1 Kazim Yalcin Arga,1 Ayse Serap Karadag2 1Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyCorrespondence: Ayse Serap KaradagDepartment of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyTel +90 5336552260Fax +90 216 566 66 14Email karadagaserap@gmail.comAbstract: Advances in omics technologies have made it possible to unravel biomarkers from different biological levels. Intensive studies have been carried out to uncover the dysregulations in psoriasis and to identify molecular signatures associated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In this review, we presented an overview of the current status of the omics-driven biomarker research and emphasized the transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and glycomic signatures proposed as psoriasis biomarkers. Furthermore, insights on the limitations and future directions of the current biomarker discovery strategies were discussed, which will continue to comprehend broader visions of psoriasis research, diagnosis, and therapy especially in the context of personalized medicine.Keywords: psoriasis, biomarker, omics, inflammatory skin diseases, personalized medicine, psoriasis biomarkers, omics biomarkers

In order to increase productivity, sustainability and protection of the 5-year-old beech plantations of the Greater Caucasus northeastern slopes, 10 plots were established in large gaps and glades of four quarters of the Quba and Qusar forestry. Silvicultural treatments which were realized based on sowing and planting methods or applying both of them in a combined form were carried in this region. The sowing operations were carried out on sites of 1 × 1 m and 1 × 2 m in size and using an amount of 120-300 individuals per hectare, located across the slope. The best results in sowing sites in terms of the number of emerging beech seedlings and their survival were obtained in fresh herbage, and the worst in moist herbage forest growing conditions. In the stands created by planting, in fresh herbage forest growing conditions the best results were obtained in the middle mountain belt and satisfactory in the high mountain belt. Cultivated plants 6-8 years after sowing (planting) were transferred to a forest covered area. During this time, in the plants were carried out: with sowing - 10 treatments, with planting - 5 agrotechnical treatments.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between changes in blood estrogen levels and hearing threshold levels in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with normal otoscopic examination findings and scheduled for IVF treatment were included in the study. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, tympanogram tests, and otoacoustic emission measurements (TEOAE) during IVF treatment, and estrogen levels were measured simultaneously. The patients were divided into three groups based on estrogen levels during IVF. The patients' audiological test results at the beginning and end of treatment (the 12th day) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was an increase in hearing levels on the 12th day of treatment compared to the beginning of treatment in all the study groups. This increase was significant between Group 1 and Group 2 and between Group 1 and Group 3 (p<0.05). The best hearing in audiometry was determined in the patients in Group 2. While a significant increase was observed in TEOAE (otoacoustic emission) measurements in Groups 1 and 2, a significant decrease was determined in Group 3 (p<0.05). Middle ear pressure and compliance measurements on the tympanogram tests were significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During IVF treatment, as the estrogen level increases, it causes an increase in the level of hearing, but this increase does not continue after specific doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the most reliable dosimetric predictors for pulmonary complications and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 32 patients with esophageal cancer who received surgery following NACRT for locally advanced esophageal cancer from January 2014 to June 2023. Following the completion of NACRT, all patients received transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy. Before surgery, all patients were evaluated in terms of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, COPD status, and hematological values. The levels of complications were evaluated with the comprehensive complication index (CCI). The patients' radiotherapy (RT) plans were evaluated retrospectively, and lung V5, V10, V15, V20, V30, and mean lung dose (MLD) data were obtained using dose-volume histograms. The effect of this data on the need for postoperative intensive care (IC) and the occurrence of pneumonia was calculated using binary logistic regression analysis. The impact of categorical clinical features on the requirement for IC and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia was assessed using the Fisher's exact test. The median age was 58 (range = 26–77), and the median interval between NACRT and surgery was 5 weeks (range = 4–14). The RT dose was median 45 Gy/25 fractions (range = 41.4-50.4) with 1.8–2.0 Gy daily per fraction, and 87.5% of patients received FOLFOX as concurrent chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was applied to 8 (25%) of the patients using 3D conformal, 20 (62.5%) using VMAT, and 4 (12.5%) using the hybrid (3D-IMRT) technique. The median ASA score before surgery was 2 (1-3). Only in 1 (3.1%) patient, the score was 3. Before surgery, three (9.4%) patients were diagnosed with COPD, and one (3.1%) patient had grade 2 neutropenia. Intensive care was required in 14 patients after surgery. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 12 (37.5%) patients. The median postoperative CCI value of the patients was 22.6 (range = 0–100). Lung median V5, V10, V15, V20, V30, and MLD doses were 65.75 (28.2-95.9), 40.5 (22.4-90.6), 29.55 (13.4-45.9), 18.10 (7.6-30.6), 7.50 (2.9-24.7), and 1126.8 cGy (263-1628), respectively. The impact of preoperative COPD presence on postoperative pneumonia and IC needs was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.274 and p = 0.596). In multivariate analyses, lung V5 (p = 0.042), V10 (p = 0.037), and V15 (p = 0.049) doses statistically significantly affected the need for IC. Lung volume exposed to low-dose radiation (V5-V15) was found to be strongly associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay after surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer. More comprehensive studies are needed on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huge losses of life and property occurred as a result of two independent catastrophic earthquakes on 6 February 2023 in the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, where no significant earthquake has occurred in approximately 500 years. The earthquakes, whose epicenters were in the Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province at 9 h intervals, had magnitudes of Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 and caused different levels of structural damage, especially in masonry-style structures in rural areas. In this study, the damage that occurred in masonry village schools, especially in rural areas, during these two earthquakes was evaluated in terms of the characteristics of the earthquake and within the scope of civil engineering, and the causes of the damage were discussed. The damage levels of the masonry schools examined were classified using the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). Information about the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes was given and structural analyses were carried out for a widely used reference school building. The school building block was analytically modeled, and its seismic load-bearing capacities were predicted through pushover analysis in TREMURI software. The study also includes repair and strengthening recommendations for such structures.

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de la insuficiencia cardiaca, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y el tabaquismo con el desarrollo de estenosis de uretra en pacientes sometidos a resección transuretral de próstata con y sin desarrollo de estenosis de uretra en su seguimiento. Método: Cincuenta pacientes que desarrollaron estenosis de uretra durante su seguimiento formaron el grupo 1, y 50 pacientes que no desarrollaron estenosis de uretra y fueron seleccionados por lote formaron el grupo 2. Se investigó la relación de los datos de los pacientes sobre insuficiencia cardiaca, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y tabaquismo con el desarrollo de estenosis uretral. Resultados: La media de cigarrillos fumados fue significativamente más alta en el grupo con estenosis (p = 0.007). Además, se encontró que los parámetros de las pruebas de función pulmonar de los pacientes, como FEV1, FVC y FEV1/FVC, eran significativamente más altos en el grupo 2 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 y p = 0.008, respectivamente). Conclusiones: El tabaquismo, la insuficiencia cardiaca y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica aumentan significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar estenosis después de una resección transuretral de próstata.

This study's analysis of the maritime propeller blade structure in ice navigation was motivated by an incident that caused the tip of a propeller blade to bend. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the ice layer's confined space effect causes propeller blade tips to bend. Using computer-based software, a three-dimensional model of the propeller was created. The geometry of the three-dimensional propeller model was imported using the finite element approach into another piece of software. The propeller model and the environment were constructed after designing the ice environment. Using the computational fluid dynamics method, flux was calculated, and the composed pressure was derived. Following the specification of the alloy material for the propeller, the static structural module applied pressure values acquired to the propeller to measure the total deformation and stress. The data comparing the results of the simulation study are based on full-scale measurements. The maximum deformation in Ansys was 2.7-3.5 cm, whereas in the incident, it was 12 cm, which can be explained by persistent pressure or repeated initial movement steps. Considering these findings, the reason for blade tip bend, preventive measures, and recommendations have been proposed.

In recent years, information technologies have undergone rapid changes in the world. This process affects the way of doing business of many professions. The study examines the perspectives of professionals who carry out accounting activities in different provinces on the digitalization processes in accounting. The aim of the study is to contribute to the development of suggestions on adaptation to change by revealing the perspectives of accountants on digitalization in the accounting profession, emerging new concepts, accounting education and the future of accounting. In the study, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 25 professionals using snowball sampling method and the answers of 16 professionals were analyzed within the scope of the study. Interview results were categorized and analyzed in terms of "industry 4.0 technologies, new concepts in accounting, accounting education, advantages and disadvantages of e-applications and the future of accounting". In the study, it has been concluded that industry 4.0 technologies will shape the future of accounting and will be effective in the emergence of new concepts in the profession, that the training given to the professionals on digital transformation is insufficient and that accounting will evolve into consultancy, consultancy and budgeting in the future.

OBJECTIVE: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cases with a normal CT scanning account for the vast majority of all TBI patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of serum Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain (pNF-H) levels in the first six hours after trauma in rats in experimental mTBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental animal study, 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled equally (n=8) into 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. In experimental groups, animals were exposed to a mTBI with a free fall of 50-gram metal disc from a height of 80 cm. We compared serum pNF-H levels at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours after traumatic brain injury in the experimental groups with the control group. RESULTS: Serum pNF-H levels at the 2nd and 4th hours after traumatic brain injury were statistically significantly higher than the control group. Serum pNF-H levels gradually decreased at the 4th and 6th hours compared to the 2nd hour and decreased to a similar level to the control group at the 6th hour after injury. CONCLUSIONS: A high serum pNF-H value, could be used in the diagnosis and management of mTBI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyza Sümeyye Aydin,1,&ast; Ali Asram Sagiroglu,2,3,&ast; Dilek Ozturk Civelek,4 Mustafa Gokce,4 Fatemeh Bahadori5 1Bezmialem Vakif University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey; 2Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey; 3Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey; 4Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, 34093, Türkiye; 5Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ali Asram Sagiroglu, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey, Email a.a.sagiroglu@gmail.com Beyza Sümeyye Aydin, Bezmialem Vakif University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey, Email beyza_sumeyye@hotmail.comBackground: Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric, is renowned for its therapeutic benefits attributed to bioactive compounds, namely curcumin (Cur) and aromatic turmerone (Tur), present in its rhizome. These compounds exhibit diverse therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, the topical application of these compounds has a significant potential for inducing skin irritation. This study focuses on formulating solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carriers encapsulating both Cur and Tur for reduced irritation and enhanced stability.Methods: SLN formulations were prepared by a method using homogenization followed by ultrasonication procedures and optimized by applying response surface methodology (RSM).Results: The optimized SLN formulation demonstrated entrapment efficiencies, with 77.21 ± 4.28% for Cur and 75.12 ± 2.51% for Tur. A size distribution of 292.11 ± 9.43 nm was obtained, which was confirmed to be a spherical and uniform shape via environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images. The in vitro release study indicated cumulative releases of 71.32 ± 3.73% for Cur and 67.23 ± 1.64% for Tur after 24 hours under sink conditions. Physical stability tests confirmed the stability of formulation, allowing storage at 4°C for a minimum of 60 days. Notably, in vitro skin irritation studies, utilizing the reconstructed human epidermal model (EPI-200-SIT), revealed a significant reduction in irritation with the SLN containing Cur and Tur compared to nonencapsulated Cur and Tur.Conclusion: These findings collectively endorse the optimized SLN formulation as a favorable delivery system for Cur and Tur in diverse topical uses, offering enhanced stability, controlled release and reduced irritation.Keywords: curcumin, aromatic turmerone, skin irritation, reconstructed human epidermal model, solid lipid nanoparticle, response surface methodology

In recent times, both geopolitical challenges and the need to counteract climate change have led to an increase in generated renewable energy as well as an increased demand for clean electrical energy. The resulting variability of electricity production and demand as well as an overall demand increase, put additional stress on the existing grid infrastructure. This leads to strongly increased maintenance demands for distribution system operators (DSOs). Today, condition monitoring is used to address these challenges. Researchers have already explored solutions for monitoring critical assets like switchgear and circuit breakers. However, with a shrinking knowledgeable technical workforce and increasing maintenance requirements, mere monitoring is insufficient. Already today, DSOs ask for actionable recommendations, optimization strategies, and prioritization methods to manage the growing task backlog effectively. In this paper we propose a vision of a grid-level cognitive assistance system that translates the outcome of diagnosis and prognosis systems into actionable work tasks for the grid operator. The solution is highly interdisciplinary and based on empirical studies of real-world requirements. We also describe the related work relevant to the multi-disciplinary aspects and summarize the research gaps that need to be closed over the next years.

As one of the main tenets of mainstream Shiʿa, the radjʿa doctrine is potentially open to radical interpretations. In the background of this belief, the concept of ghayba (occultation) with the special meaning attributed to it has vital importance. According to the Imāmiyya or Twelve Imams (Ithnā ʿAshʿariyya) Shiʿism, which has survived to date within Shiʿism and constitutes the vast majority of them, the twelfth imam, Muhammad b. al-Hasan went into major occultation in 941. According to this doctrine, it is believed that one day the hidden imam will return and rule over the whole world, which is filled with injustice. In fact, examples of the belief in radjʿa can be traced back to earlier periods. In the early history of Islam, some extreme sects (ghulāt) emerged by claiming the immortality of important figures such as, ʿAlī b. Abī Tālib (d. 40/661) and his son Husayn (d. 61/680). The 10th century also became the scene of such claims among Shiʿa such as the return of the hidden imam, Muhammad b. al-Hasan who is believed to be in occultation and will one day reappear to guide all humanity. This study examines three sub-sects of Shiʿīsm, namely the Nusayrīs, the Druzes and the Bābī-Bahāīs that all interpret the doctrine of radjʿa from a gnostic point of view. The first two emerged in the tenth century simultaneously, while the Bābī-Bahāīs in the nineteenth. It is worth to note here that the concept of bāb has played the mediating role in the approach to the radjʿa doctrine. Ibn al-Nusayr, the founder of the Nusayrī sect, put forward a ground breaking approach to the doctrine by declaring himself as the gateway to the eleventh and twelfth imam. In addition, the belief in the incarnation of God’s soul into the body of ʿAli, and later on its transfer to bodies of the imams until it reached the twelfth imam, spread. The Druzes focused directly on the divinity of al-Hakīm bi-Amrillah rather than on the concept of bāb. The Bābīs and Bahāʾīs, on the other hand, interpreted the doctrine of radjʿa on the basis of the concept of bāb and the claim of messiahship, and a new religion. Especially, the Nusayrīs and the Druzes interpreted radjʿa phenomenon and transformed it into hulūl (incarnation) and tanāsukh (metempsychosis). The Bābī-Bahāī community, however, transformed the doctrine of radjʿa into the doctrine of prophethood by refusing the termination of the prophethood with the prophet Muhammad. Thus, they claim to be a new religion that abolishes the rules of previous religions. The purpose of this study is to analyse the way in which the selected sub-sects of Shiʿa have approached the doctrine of radjʿa and the extent of their interpretation of this phenomenon.