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In the present study, it is aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to examine the factors playing role in the career choices of pre-service teachers studying in different teacher education programs. Accordingly, the scale was developed with the data gathered from 360 pre-service teachers studying in different departments of the education faculty of a state university in the Central Anatolian Region in Turkey in the 2018-2019 academic year. Only freshmen students were included in the sample and thereby their motives for choosing teaching profession were examined in the time period when they had just started teacher education programs. The scale development process started with the generation of the item pool based on a literature review and studies of validity and reliability followed this phase. Specialists' opinions were resorted to for content validity and the construct validity was tested through exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach's Alpha values were examined for reliability. As a result of the validity and reliability studies, it is put forth that the 26-item scale consisted of five factors which are advantages of profession, pedagogic interest, belief in talent, social effects and lesser difficulty level of teaching programs. The validity and reliability values of the scale suggest that it is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in studies related to pre-service teachers' motives in career choices.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the flipped learning model on the academic success of students. In this research featuring a descriptive survey model, a quantitative research method has been used. While criterion sampling method has been used for selecting the sample of this research, meta-analysis has been used to analyze the data. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study were as follows: Sources must be an article or a thesis; be studies performed in Turkey; have been published between 2014 and 2018; be open-access; the sampling must consist of students; they must examine the effect of the flipped learning model on success; have an experimental design; have pretest/ posttest experimenting and a control group design; include data such as pretest and posttest standard deviation, arithmetic average, and sample size. 14 articles and 11 theses, 25 studies formed the study group. Document review technique has been used as data collection technique. As data collection tool, "meta-analysis form" developed by the researchers has been used. effect size values and unified effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Software. After analysis was conducted based on the random effects model, it was determined that the effect of the flipped learning model on students' success is medium (Hedge's g=0.713). It has been seen that the variables of study type, educational level, and year do not have a significant effect on success (p>0.05). When the effect sizes were examined by year, newer studies had larger effect sizes, while the studies conducted with students at primary-secondary levels and with high school degrees had larger effect size averages.

This study reveals the roles of various student and school characteristics in defining the academically resilient Turkish and Italian students' profiles based on TIMSS 2015 mathematics scores. The results of logistic regression analysis put forth that models for both countries were significant. The achievement of Turkish students was predicted by seven variables while the achievement of Italian students was predicted by two variables. Among all variables, 'academic expectations' and 'confidence in math' had the highest level of increase in the odds of being academically resilient. Results are comparatively discussed, and the study offers critical results for understanding resilience., Author(s): Mustafa Aydin [sup.1] , Cahit Erdem [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411124.3, 0000 0004 1769 6008, Faculty of Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, , Konya, Turkey (2) grid.411108.d, 0000 0001 0740 [...]

In this study, it is aimed to adapt the LIST scale that was prepared by Boerner et al. (2005) to define the learning strategies of university students, to Turkish. Validity and reliability analysis were made for Turkish form considering the original form. The study was conducted with 754 college students. Firstly, the linguistic equivalency of the scale was completed then the factor structure was analyzed. The factor structure of the scale was commented considering the exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis results. Statistically irrelevant items were excluded from the scale. Factor analysis results show that the scale was 12 dimensional and consists of 67 items. According to the analyses, the internal consistency of 12 dimensional structure of the scale was adequate with the factors in the scale. Cronbach Alpha values of the factors ranged between 0.74 and 0.92. Furthermore, in order to ensure the reliability of the scale, comparisons of item averages of between sub and super groups were made. It was seen that the results of the comparisons of 27% sub and super groups were significant factor all the items. These results show that the 12 dimensional structure of the scale is valid and reliable to define the learning strategies of university students.

With the rapid technological advancements, schools and teachers have great responsibilities to educate students with regard to technological transformations. Students' ease of access to information and communications technology (ICT) tools provides ample opportunities for the development of these skills, not solely limited to schools. On the other hand, it is known that schools invest efforts to contribute to this process through their updated curricula. Studies on the development of ICT skills show that teachers' behavioral patterns also contribute to students' learning. In the current study, the effect of teacher and student characteristics on students' achievement regarding digital skills was examined together. Within the scope of the research, the characteristics of students and teachers were analyzed through two-level analysis with the data obtained from samples of the prominent countries--Finland and Korea--participating to the International Computer and Information Literacy Study. The analysis regarding the countries involved six models addressing teacher and student characteristics in different contexts. Demographic features, ICT usage purposes and affective characteristics related to ICT were added to the models related to teacher and student characteristics in sets. While gender, computer experience, socio-economic background and general ICT self-efficacy variables came to the fore at the student level, the adequacy of resources were more prominent at teacher level. Discussions were made on the results of the relevant variables in the study.

This paper is mainly devoted to exact solutions to the initial value problem for linear conformable systems with variable coefficients. The famous method known as the generalized Peano-Baker series, which inholds the conformable integral, is exploited to acquire the state-transition matrix. A representation of an exact solution in a closed interval for linear confromable systems with variable coefficients is determined with the help of this matrix. It is verified by showing that the determined exact solution satisfies the systems step by step. Moreover, another exact solution in the same closed interval is identified thanks to the method of variation of parameters. The existence and uniqueness of the second exact solution to the systems are provided by the Banach contraction mapping principle. This provides that the representations of the two solutions coincide although they are obtained by completely different approaches and they have completely different structures. A couple of examples are presented to exmplify the use of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This investigation focuses on nominally La‐doped Na0.67MnO2, exploring its structural, electrochemical, and battery characteristics for Na‐ion batteries. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals formation of composite materials containing three distinct phases: P2‐Na0.67MnO2, NaMn8O16, and LaMnO3. The bond structures of the powders undergo scrutiny through Fourier‐transform infrared and Raman analyses, revealing dependencies on the NaO, MnO, and LaO structures. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray dot mapping analyses show that the La ions are unevenly dispersed within the samples, exhibiting a valence state of 3+. Half‐cell tests unveil similarities in redox peaks between the cyclic voltammetry analysis of La‐doped samples and P2‐type Na0.67MnO2, with a reduction in peak intensities as La content increases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy model analysis indicates direct influences of La content on the half‐cell's resistive elements values. The synergistic effect of composite material with multiple phases yields promising battery performances for both half and full cells. The highest initial capacity value of 208.7 mAh g−1, with a 57% capacity fade, among others, is observed, and it diminishes with increasing La content. Full cells are constructed using an electrochemically presodiated hard carbon anode, yielding a promising capacity value of 184.5 mAh g−1 for sodium‐ion battery studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a mobile learning adoption scale (MLAS) was developed on the basis of Rogers' (2003) Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The scale that was developed consists of four sections. These sections are as follows: Stages in the innovation-decision process, Types of m-learning decision, Innovativeness level and attributes of m-learning. There is one question at the level of classification regarding the investigated characteristics of the participants in the first three sections of the scale. The last section of the scale is composed of 18 items and 5 sub-dimensions in the 7-item Likert type. MLAS was developed in three stages. In the first stage, a detailed review of literature was performed and an item pool was formed. In the second stage, explanatory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structure of the scale while confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the factors formed confirmed the theory or not. In the final stage of the study, the reliability of the scale was determined through item, test-retest reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha) analyses. In conclusion, the scale developed within the scope of this study was shown to yield valid and reliable scores.

Aim: Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity that causes significant pain and functional impairment. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of prolotherapy and dry needling in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus pain. Material and Methods: Patients with hallux valgus deformity experiencing refractory pain after orthotic and analgesic treatment, and treated with prolotherapy (52 patients, 68 feet) or dry needling (49 patients, 57 feet) methods were included in the study. Each group received three treatment sessions at 3-week intervals. Clinical assessments were performed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores at baseline, in the third month, and twelfth month. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS and AOFAS scores after treatment (p<0.001). In the prolotherapy group, the VAS score decreased from 6 (range, 4-8) in the pre-treatment period to 2 (range, 1-5) both in the third and twelfth months (p<0.001). In the dry needling group, the VAS score decreased from 6 (range, 4-7) in the pre-treatment period to 4 (range, 2-7) both in the third and twelfth months (p<0.001). While the AOFAS scores improved to 75 (range, 63-85) in the third month and 76 (range, 60-80) in the twelfth month in the prolotherapy group (p<0.001), improved to 56 (range, 44-75) in the third month and 50 (range, 36-75) in the twelfth month in the dry needling group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both prolotherapy and dry needling effectively treat hallux valgus pain and improve foot function, with prolotherapy showing superior effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are differences between genders in life satisfaction, our study focuses on the general life satisfaction of women, who constitute almost half of the world’s population and countries: In order to have a society with high average life satisfaction, there is a need to find meaningful ways that lead to high life satisfaction by focusing on the general life satisfaction of women. The main contribution of the study is to examine the positive effects of volunteering and philanthropic behaviors, which we see as a promising mediator of overall life satisfaction among women. This study predicts that the female hand reaching out to ensure social balance will not only mediate the strengthening of social ties, but also will positively affect general life satisfaction with the pleasure of doing something for one’s country and human values: It is thought that the woman’s effort to be a virtuous pro-social actor in the family institution, which is the smallest social network, will reveal the volunteer potential in the entire family. The findings of the study in which we investigated whether there is a positive relationship between prosocial behavior and life satisfaction how that the income of volunteer women is a factor affecting their life satisfaction. However, it appears that the income of volunteer women does not have a significant effect on their volunteer motivation. There is a need to understand the initiation and maintenance of prosocial virtuous behaviors by women and to reveal the motivational forces behind sustainable volunteering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature-dependent transport properties of n-type InGaAsBi epitaxial alloys with various doping densities are investigated by conducting magnetoresistance (MR) and Hall Effect (HE) measurements. The electronic band structure of the alloys and free electron distribution were calculated using Finite Element Method (FEM). Analysis of the oscillations in the transverse (Hall) resistivity shows that quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q-2D) in the bulk InGaAsBi epitaxial layer (three-dimensional, 3D) forms at the sample surface under magnetic field even though there is no formation of the spacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface between InGaAs and InP:Fe interlayer. The formation of Q-2D in the 3D epitaxial layer was verified by temperature and magnetic field dependence of the resistivity and carrier concentration. Analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in longitudinal (sample) resistivity reveals that the electron effective mass in InGaAsBi alloys are not affect by Bi incorporation into host InGaAs alloys, which verifies the validity of the Valence Band Anti-Crossing (VBAC) model. The Hall mobility of the nondegenerate samples shows the conventional 3D characteristics while that of the samples is independence of temperature for degenerated samples. The scattering mechanism of the electrons at low temperature is in long-range interaction regime. In addition, the effects of electron density on the transport parameters such as the effective mass, and Fermi level are elucidated considering bandgap nonparabolicity and VBAC interaction in InGaAsBi alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]