Search

People may experience anxiety regarding their future romantic relationship status. Fear of being single (FOBS) is a potential cause of this anxiety, characterized by distress about the idea of being single and assessed through the FOBS Scale. In the current study, the FOBS Scale was adapted into Turkish. The study included 349 individuals aged 28–55 years (M = 23.63 years, SD = 6.45 years). The reliability and validity of the measure and the associations with particular variables were investigated for the first time in the cultural context of Turkey. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit for the single‐factor structure. Measurement invariance of the scale across relationship status was supported at configural and metric levels, but not at the scalar level. The convergent and divergent validity analyses indicated that FOBS is distinct from generalized anxiety, attachment anxiety, and the personality trait of neuroticism. FOBS was found to be related to the need to belong but not to the inclusion of close others into the self. It has been determined that FOBS is a distinctive phenomenon, and the Turkish version of the FOBS Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing FOBS in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic composite filament materials can be used in the manufacturing method with melted filament, which is among the additive manufacturing methods. Thermoplastic composite filament materials allow obtaining different thermal, chemical, mechanical and surface properties. In this study, PLA filament and PLA-Steel filament materials with approximately 80% by weight of 410L steel powder were compared in terms of impact strength, tensile strength and thermal conductivity properties. As a result of the experiments carried out, the highest impact strength was measured at 14.27 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 41.62 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.1364 W/mK for PLA material. The highest impact strength was measured at 11.51 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 19.06 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.2758 W/mK for the steel powder added PLA material. Thus, the impact and tensile strength value of PLA material decreased and the thermal conductivity value increased with the addition of steel powder. Different levels of filling ratio, printing temperature, printing speed and layer thickness printing parameters were used in the production of test specimens. The effects of these pressure parameters on the impact and tensile strength values were investigated. The effects of printing parameters were revealed by the results of ANOVA analysis. In addition, the microstructure of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to drug-resistant pathogens are a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, data regarding the pathogens and their resistance profile are limited in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in neonatal BSI at a university hospital in Türkiye. Methods Medical records of neonates with suspected sepsis were retrospectively reviewed during the study period (between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020) for demographic data, blood culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility test results. Results During the study period, 117 BSI episodes were encountered in 106 neonates. The most common pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 86, 73.5%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 11, 9.4%). Methicillin resistance among staphylococci (77/93, 82.8%) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacterales (14/17, 82.4%) were common. Gentamicin resistance was detected in 70.1% (54/77) of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and 78.6% (11/14) of ESBL (+) Enterobacterales. Vancomycin and colistin resistance were not detected. Conclusion The high rate of resistant pathogens encountered in neonatal BSIs underline the importance of constant surveillance of the local pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, which is crucial for implementing appropriate therapy that could save lives and lower the burden of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Records of five settled and five nomadic sheep enterprises in Karya-2, a sub-project of the "National Ovine Breeding by Public" project carried out by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of Denizli Province, Turkey, were examined in this study. In nomadic and settled enterprises, birth weights, 90-d live weights, 180-d live weights, 90-d daily live weight increase, and daily live weight increase up to 180 d were different. Birth types were different and the twin birth rates were higher in nomadic enterprises. The Karagoz type was more common. The proportion of male and female newborn lambs was similar. The nomadic breeders tended to separate the sheep in the herd more than the settled sheep; the number of animals devoted to breeding in the nomadic systems was found to be higher than in settled systems. The number of lambs per ewe decreased slightly over time from 2014-2018. Although the number of rams decreased, the number of breeding rams increased. There was no marked change in survival rate during the weaning period. There was an increase in live weight and fertility of Karya sheep from 2014-2018. The production averages of sheep in nomadic enterprises were more profitable and yields of measured parameters were higher than in the settled sheep enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Suhrawardiyya was founded by Abū al-Najīb al-Suhrawardī and reached a wide geography through the Shihab al-Din ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī. One of the places where the Suhrawardiyya found its ground is the Indian Sub-continent. The Suhrawardiyya in this region gained widespread popularity with Bahauddin Zakariyya, Maulana Majduddin, Nuruddin Ghaznavi, Shaikh Turk Bayabani, Jalaluddin Tabrizi, Hamidud-din Nagauri and Ziauddin Rumi. The members of the Suhrawardiyya performed successful activities in many respects, also added important values to the writing-translation tradition of the aforementioned geography with the works they produced. Fatwa books, sharhs, malfuzats and letters, tazkira and divans that make up the Suhrawardiyya literature not only provide information on the history of the order, but also shed light on the religious, political and cultural history of the Indian Sub-continent. The main reference of these works was Awarif al-maarif. In this article, the works written by the members of the Suhrawardi in the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian Sub-continent will be briefly introduced, and a contribution to the relevant literature will be made in terms of studies on the Suhrawardiyya and sufi culture in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel teacher-reported pediatric voice outcome measure and to investigate its psychometric properties. Method: In the first stage, a new instrument, the Teacher- Reported Pediatric Voice Handicap Index (TRPVHI), was developed. After item generation, a panel of experts evaluated the items to assess the content validity. Subsequently, the final version of the preliminary instrument was applied to teachers of 306 children (57 dysphonic and 249 vocally healthy) between the ages of 4 and 11 years. Eventually, the construct validity, criterion-related validity, test--retest reliability, and internal consistency of the developed instrument were examined. Results: The items with a content validity ratio less than .8 were modified or removed, and accordingly, the preliminary version of the index was finalized. After the application of the preliminary version, item reduction was made based on the factor analysis. The index is composed of 27 questions and three subscales: Functional, Physical, and Emotional. A significant difference was observed between the dysphonic and vocally healthy children for the TRPVHI scores (p < .001). A positive moderate correlation was determined between the Pediatric Voice Handicap Index and TRPVHI scores. Correlation coefficients between the test and retest scores of the TRPVHI were in the range of .92-.98. Cronbach's alpha values computed to assess the internal consistency were in the range of .94-.98. Conclusions: The TRPVHI is the only valid and reliable teacher-reported outcome measure of the effects of voice disorders on children. It is anticipated that the deployment of the TRPVHI in conjunction with other subjective tools, both in the initial evaluation and the follow-up of the treatment results, will allow a better understanding of the physical, functional, and emotional effects of voice disorders on children. Furthermore, it can potentially lead further research to enable the use of the TRPVHI for screening purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive inherited chronic disease that occurs as a result of the deposition of copper in organs and tissues with impaired biliary excretion. With this case report, we aimed to share our experience in cesarean anesthesia in a pregnant woman with Wilson disease who had irregular medical follow-up and underwent chelation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malacca which was founded by Parameswara at the end of the 14th century or the start of the 15th is situated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. The Malacca Sultanate, which was established in Malaka and reigned for more than a century, is recognized as one of the Malay Peninsula's most significant states. Malacca's emergence as an international trading center has played a significant role in the spreading of Islam through the Malay Peninsula and the surrounding states. Malacca has successfully attracted traders and scholars from foreign countries who came to run business and teaching Islam. Despite traders and scholars, Malacca's rulers play an important role in the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula through the economy and political strategy. The advent of Islam has influenced Malacca society and Malay Peninsula's states in administration, religious practice, socio-culture, and traditions. Malacca which was inhabited by non-Muslim society shows the impact of Islamic law in the state's main laws which were Undang-Undang Melaka (Malacca Law) and Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (Malacca Maritime Code) after the arrival of Islam. Islamic teaching was actively carried out in Malacca. Sultan would send a messenger to other Sultan in the other Malay states to ask about religious issues. This tradition has been one of the main reasons for the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula. Thus, this article will discuss the arrival and development of Islam in the Malay Peninsula during the Malacca Sultanate era and the impact it has on the states and their society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This retrospective study aims to demonstrate whether using scoring systems effects postoperative complications of patients in the recovery room as well as its contribution to patients’ safety Method: We examined files of patients operated in our Hospital between 2010 and 2017. In the recovery room after anesthesia, complications developed in the recovery room and in the early period were recorded in patients who were followed up by the Modified Aldrete Scoring System (MASS) (MASG) and without using the scoring system (CG). We used Statistica 13.3 program for statistical analyses. Results: The duration of stay in the recovery room was longer in MASG than CG. The minor complication rate was close in both groups. In the control group , one patient had a cardiac arrest, as a major complication, which responded to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusions: We determined that more serious complication developed in patients for whom the scoring system was not used in the recovery room than patients followed up with the scoring system. Safety of patients during their transfer to the service depends on having an advanced infrastructure in anesthesia recovery rooms, employing trained health personnel and using algorithms such as MASS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Central venous catheterization (CVC) is an invasive procedure used in intensive care units with various indications. Malposition of the catheter has been reported in the literature ranging from 3.6-14% in practice. In this study, we aimed to determine the preference of catheter placement and malposition rates in CVC applications performed by specialist physicians in our intensive care units without using ultrasonography. Method: After the approval of the ethics committee, medical files of 1710 patients who were applied to the Mersin City Training and Research Hospital in 2017-2019 were reviewed. Permanent port catheter, dialysis catheter and catheters placed in pediatric patients under 18 years of age were excluded from the study. All catheterization procedures were performed by a specialist physician using 7 F catheters with Seldinger technique without the use of ultrasound. Results: Of the 1463 patients included in the study, the catheters were inserted intointernal jugular vein in 842, subclavian vein in 467,and femoral vein in 154 patients. When femoral catheterization was excluded from assessments, malposition was found in 1309 patients with a rate of 1.68%. There were 14 malpositioned catheters in the right internal jugular vein, 6 in the right subclavian vein and 2 in the left subclavian vein. Conclusion: In conclusion, it has been reported that ultrasound-guided catheter placement may prevent malposition and reduced complication rate when performed by experienced clinicians. However,when the ultrasound is not available, we believe that performing the procedure by experienced clinicians and confirming the accuracy of the catheter position with lung x-ray after the procedure may reduce malposition rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute ischemic stroke is rare in children, but it is one of the important causes of neurological morbidity. The etiology of AIS in childhood includes cardiac pathologies, cerebral arteriopathies, hypercoagulation, chemicals, drugs, inflammatory and autoimmune causes. In this article, we present an infant who has a genetic predisposition to hypercoagulation and comes with AIS clinic when multifactorial risk factors are added. The diagnosis, the underlying etiology, the risk factors affecting the process, the treatment of acute phase, the secondary treatment and the associated preventive approach on prognosis were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance abuse is a social problem and may increase morbidity with additional risks to the administration of anesthesia in patients requiring surgery. When it comes to cesarean section, the choice and management of a good anesthetic technique is mandatory for both the baby and the mother. A 30-year-old multiparous patient weighing 50 kg, in her 34 gestational week with a history of cesarean section but without routine follow-up presented with a sudden onset of active cervical hemorrhage and preterm labour. The patient’s vital signs were stable, laboratory values were within normal limits. It was learnt that she used heroin 4 hours previously, and she was not hungry. She underwent caesarean section under emergency conditions. A baby weighing 1500 g was delivered under general anesthesia. The infant was diagnosed with newborn withdrawal syndrome and phenobarbital treatment was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal withdrawal syndrome and other complications did not occur. On the postoperative 5th day, the mother and baby were discharged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Theater actors are considered as elite vocal performers whom quality of voice is of utmost importance. It was thought that speech breathing characteristics of theater actors were different compared with those of lay talkers. However, findings on this issue were generally based on studies conducted by the respiratory kinematics and muscular activity via using indirect air volume measures. These measures were by no means related with the respiratory– phonatory interaction. One of the objective methods that is used for evaluating voice quality is the phonatory-aerodynamic characteristics. Phonatory-Aerodynamic System (PAS) primarily examines the respiratory–phonatory interaction. The aim of the present study was to search the phonatory-aerodynamic characteristics of drama students. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 vocally healthy participants aged between 21 and 30 years were separated into two groups; the first group included drama students (n=19), and the second group comprised lay talkers (n=18). Phonatory-aerodynamic evaluations were done via PENTAX Medical PAS Model6600. Results: During the phonation of vowel [a], female and male drama students used greater percentage of vital capacity (VC) than public speaker couples. Similarly, findings indicated that female drama students used greater percentage of VC while producing syllables [papapapapa]. As for connected speech, female participants of both groups completed reading in similar durations, but they inspirated faster and they needed lesser number of inspirations. Conclusion: It is concluded that the phonatory-aerodynamic characteristics of theater students are different compared with those of lay talkers predominantly for female participants. The present study’s results may serve clinicians’ basic objective data regarding the speech breathing characteristics of theater actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronic disease is defined as" a condition caused by irreversible pathological changes that may lead to permanent disability and may require special education, long-term care, supervision and control for the rehabilitation of the patient". If the patient is the child who is the most valuable asset of the family, this situation is a source of real trauma for the entire family. Hence; this study aimed to demonstrate that parents of children with chronic neurological disease have higher depression and anxiety levels depending on the circumstances they are involved and draw attention to the necessity of psychological support for these families. Method: This study was conducted with the parents and relatives of the sick children who applied to the Department of Pediatric Neurology of Istanbul Medical Faculty and the parents and relatives of healthy children who applied to the family health center Şişli in Istanbul. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and family interview form prepared by the researcher were used in this study. Informed consent was obtained from the participants and face to face interview technique was applied. The responses of the participants; were written down by the participant or researcher on the form and they were asked to mark the options of the questions within the scope of BDI and BAI. Results: In this survey any significant difference was not observed between the group of parents of children with (patient group: n=60) and without chronic neurological disease (control group: n=60) (t =p 1.273 p>0.05). Conclusion: Lack of any significant difference between anxiety and depression levels of the case and control groups, but still higher anxety and depression levels in both groups demonstrate that further and more sophisticated studşes should be performed on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the socio-demographic characteristics of the children with cerebral palsy and their parents on parental behaviors, and attitudes. Method: Mothers of 50 children aged 1-6 years with cerebral palsy, whose treatments continued or to be started and mothers of 50 healthy children without epilepsy, neurological disability, and chronic disease were included in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics of each of these three groups were compared with the "chi square Test". "Mann-Whitney U Test" was used for the comparison of the data related to parental child-rearing attitudes. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences was used for the statistical analysis. Results: According to the findings obtained in our study; the "overprotective" dimension was not different in mothers in both CP groups. Apart from the "overprotective" dimension, "equality-sharing", "rejection of being a housewife", "pousal incompatibility" and "oppression-discipline" dimensions were not significantly different between the two groups. The reason for the low level of working mothers in CP groups is parallel to their education level, suggesting that mothers do not work in order to be more interested in their children. It is thought that there is a direct proportional relationship between chronic illness and protectionism of mothers not being happy at home and chores and afraid of harming their children. The results of the study point out that at two CP groups there were no difference between parental child rearing attitudes for all dimensions of the PARI. Conclusion: As a result of our study, while focusing on motor activities of children with CP in diagnosis and treatment, it suggests that accompanying emotional and behavioral problems are mostly secondary, and emphasizes the importance of psychological counseling service in ensuring the adaptation of the family and children to the disease and guiding the attitudes and behaviors of the parents towards their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The host response of fifteen winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) and five pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) dihaploid genotypes to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci was screened in pot experiments. Root galling and nematode reproduction were detected in all combinations of plant genotype and nematode species. Ten genotypes of C. maxima and three genotypes of C. moschata were considered highly resistant (<10% of the susceptible genotype) or moderately resistant (<50% of the susceptible genotype) to one or more Meloidogyne species based on nematode reproduction as a percentage of the most susceptible genotype. Genotypes 55CA15-A3 and G14-IP1 of C. maxima were highly resistant to M. luci and M. arenaria, respectively. Both 14BO01-O2 and G9-A4 genotypes of C. moschata were considered highly resistant to M. arenaria. However, these genotypes still allowed significant nematode reproduction because egg number per plant was higher than initial number of eggs used as inoculum, indicating that all genotypes were hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: One of the most frequently studied parameters in terms of outcome estimation in cardiac surgery is HbA1c. Several studies in literature suggest that high HbA1c value increases mortality and morbidity, but there is no relation between them. The primary aim of the present study is to investigate whether HbA1c value in diabetic patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery is an independent predictor for post-operative mortality and morbidity, and our secondary goal was to determine independent risk factors that cause mortality and morbidity in the same patient population. Methods: 380 diabetic patients diagnosed with diabetes who underwent coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in Mersin State hospital between July 2014 to December 2016 after the approval of the Mersin University Faculty of medicine ethics committee were included in this retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. Patient demographic and perioperative information were obtained from the electronic information operating system and from anesthesia-intensive care follow-up forms. The HbA1c threshold was accepted as 7%, which was reported to be more appropriate for evaluating high-risk groups. Results: Three hundred and fifty-four patients with complete access to the data were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 60.8±9.4 years. 37% of the patients (131 patients) were female. The number of patients with HbA1c=7 was 194 (54,8%) in the entire patient population. In this study, high HbA1c (=7) values in diabetic patients undergoing isolated coronary bypass graft surgery were not found to be independent predictors of post-operative mortality and morbidity. Mortality was seen in 28 patients (7.9%). ejection fraction (EF) was found to be an independent predictor factor for pre-operative factors in logistic regression models constructed according to mortality predictors (OR:0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.99; p=0.016). Complications were seen in 50 patients (14.1%). In the models formed from the point of view of the complication predicators, only EF was found to be independent predictor (OR:0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98; p=0.004). It was found that HbA1c was not predictive in all models for mortality and complication (p>0.05). Conclusion: There are reports in the literature that mortality increases 4-fold when HbA1c value is higher than 8.6% in coronary surgery. However, there is a view that HbA1c alone cannot predict mortality in coronary surgery if diabetes associated factors are excluded. In this study, high HbA1c (=7) values in diabetic patients undergoing isolated coronary bypass graft surgery were not found to be independent predictors of post-operative mortality and morbidity. Pre-operative low ejection fraction was found as an independent risk factor for post-operative mortality and morbidity in the general patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fārābī's "al-Fuṣūl al-khamsah" consists of the essential knowledge that is needed in the beginning of studying logic. The book comprising five chapters preludes a chapter in which the issue of words in terms of general and technical usage is dealt with. In the second chapter, the essential propositions that are known without an analogy and make various forms of thought possible are examined. The issues of "essential and accidental" and "before and after" are respectively examined in the third and fourth chapters. The topic of the last chapter is "the indicating words" in relation to the division of single (mufrad) and compound (murakkab). As Ibn Bājjah, who wrote notes (taliqāt) on the book, pointed out, the issues and problems indicated in the book comprise almost whole of the issues of logic directly or indirectly. Thus, it provides required intellectual background for a disciple desiring to learn the art of logic. In the first part of this paper, the content of the book will be analysed considering Ibn Bājjah's notes in addition to Fārābī's other works. In the second part, the translation of the book will be added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the second leading cause of transfusion-associated mortality in high-risk patients undergoing major surgery. TRALI presenting with acute hypoxia and non-cardiac edema is a vital clinical entity which must be considered in the differential diagnosis in transfusion-associated patients. Fresh frozen plasma, erythrocyte suspension and thrombocyte suspension transfusion were performed during perioperative and postoperative periods to the patient undergoing supracoronary graft interposition due to ascending aortic aneurysm. Respiratory support treatment with positive pressure mechanical ventilation was initiated for acute hypoxia and bilateral pulmonary edema developed immediately after the procedure. The patient thought to have delayed TRALI was extubated on postoperative 5. day. Noninvasive mechanical respiratory support treatment was maintained. On postoperative 10. day the patient did not need any oxygen and ventilatory support. TRALI should be considered in patients with acute onset of hypoxia, ARDS especially in cases undergoing major surgery and transfusion of large amounts of ES, FFP, platelet suspension. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation should be considered as a treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study was to investigate if five values that are part of the hemogram analysis routinely checked before heart surgeries can be used as a high-quality, quick, low-cost, and easy-to-use outcome predictor. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for combined adverse events. We enrolled 1500 consecutive patients who underwent elective, on-pump, open-heart surgery from 2011 to 2014. Preoperative hemogram evaluation, red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were recorded. We classified combined adverse events (CAE) as (1) myocardial infarction, (2) cardiac reoperation, (3) prolonged mechanical ventilation, (4) prolonged hospital stay, (5) rehospitalization, or (6) mortality. Results: It was found that several parameters obtained as part of the hemogram, namely RDW, MPV, PLR, and NLR, can predict, individually or in combinations, the outcomes in open-heart surgery patients. It was found that the prediction success of NLR (4.8 fold) was higher compared to RDW (1.8 fold) and MPV (1.5 fold). When the prediction success of the combined parameters was investigated, the NLR-RDW (4.7 fold) pair was found higher in the prediction of CAE occurrence. The predictive success of the triple combination of NLR-MPV-RDW (5.5 fold) was higher than other combinations. Conclusions: The triple combination of parameters obtained as part of the hemogram, NLR-RDW-MPV, indicated a much more predictive power than two parameters coupled. This combination of three parameters, NLR-RDW-MPV, is to be considered as a sensitive, high-quality, low-cost outcome prediction marker for cardiac surgery patients that is less time consuming and easy to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasticity of macrophages in the immune response is a dynamic situation dependent on external stimuli. The activation of macrophages both has beneficial and detrimental effects on mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. The activation towards inflammatory macrophages has a critical role in the immune-mediated oligodendrocytes death in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. We established an in vitro co-culture method to study the function of macrophages in the survival and maturation of OLs. We revealed that M1 macrophages decreased the number of mature OLs and phagocytosed the myelin. Interestingly, non-activated as well as M2 macrophages contributed to an increase in the number of mature OLs in our in vitro co-culture platform. We added an antibody against an OL surface antigen in our in vitro co-cultures. The antibody presents the OLs to the macrophages enabling the investigation of direct interactions between macrophages and OLs. Our co-culture system is a feasible method for the investigation of the direct cell-to-cell interactions between OLs and macrophages. We utilized it to show that M2 and non-activated macrophages may be employed to enhance remyelination. [Display omitted] • A new in vitro co-culture method to study demyelination and remyelination. • Peritoneal M1 macrophages increased the death of mature oligodendrocytes. • Peritoneal non-activated macrophages increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes. • Non-activated macrophages can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the factors that affects the postperfusion syndrome in cadaveric liver transplantations and the effect of the postperfusion syndrome on discharge from the hospital. Methods: Patients who underwent cadaveric liver transplantations between 2007 and 2013 were scanned retrospectively. Intraoperative anaesthesia records, intensive care unit follow-up forms and discharge reports were examined from patient files. Overall, 43 patients having complete data were included in the study. The postperfusion syndrome is defined as asystoli or a decrease in mean arterial pressure of more than 30%, which occurred in the first 5 min of reperfusion and continued for 1 min. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had the postperfusion syndrome and those who did not. Results: The number of patients who had the postperfusion syndrome was 25 of 43 (58.1%). The MELD score of patients without the postperfusion syndrome was calculated as 16.9±3.2 and that of patients with the postperfusion syndrome was 19.7±3.6. A statistically significant relationship was detected between the postperfusion syndrome occurrence and a high MELD score (p=0.013). The diastolic blood pressure just before reperfusion was statistically lower in the group with the postperfusion syndrome than in the other group (p=0.023, 50±8 vs. 58±11). According to the logistic regression analysis, the MELD score and the decrease in diastolic blood pressure before reperfusion were defined as independent predictive factors. Conclusion: According to the study, the ratio for having the postperfusion syndrome was found to be 58.1%. The independent predictor factors affecting the postperfusion syndrome were detected as the MELD score and the decrease in diastolic blood pressure before reperfusion. The postperfusion syndrome during orthotropic liver transplantation is an important issue for anaesthesiologists. The awareness of the related factors with the postperfusion syndrome may help in the development of various preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of museum lighting is based on energetic, luminous, colorimetric and conservation aspects, which seems to contradict each other in part. As an example the energy expenditure of the illumination of the "Bode-Museum" could be reduced by up to 70% when replacing conventional HGL- by LED-luminaires. In dimmed mode, this value may increase even further due to a more appropriate dimming characteristic of LED. This is accompanied by a reduced damage by UV radiation and short wavelength part of the visible radiation and at the same time without thermal loading of objects by IR radiation. In addition, the combination of different LED in one luminaire creates a variable luminous colour with very good colour rendering properties. The consideration of the conservation requirements is essential when choosing the correct LED-lighting, for a simple evaluation criterion the correlated colour temperature can be used. If all these aspects are taken into account, the LED technology enables the combination of enhanced energy-efficient lighting with improved preservation requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Using single anesthetic agent in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may lead to inadequate analgesia and sedation. To achieve the adequate analgesia and sedation the single anesthetic agent doses must be increased which causes undesirable side effects. For avoiding high doses of single anesthetic agent nowadays combination with sedative agents is mostly a choice for analgesia and sedation for ERCP. Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of propofol alone, propofol + remifentanil, and propofol + fentanyl combinations on the total dose of propofol to be administered during ERCP and on the pain scores after the process. Materials and Method. This randomized study was performed with 90 patients (ASA I-II-III) ranging between 18 and 70 years of age who underwent sedation/analgesia for elective ERCP.The patients were administered only propofol (1.5mg/kg) in Group I, remifentanil (0.05 µg/kg) + propofol (1.5mg/kg) combination in Group II, and fentanyl (1 µg/kg) + propofol (1.5mg/kg) combination inGroup III. All the patients' sedation levels were assessed with the Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS). Their recovery was assessed with the Aldrete and Numerical Rating Scale Score (NRS) at 10 min intervals. Results. The total doses of propofol administered to the patients in the three groups in this study were as follows: 375mg in Group I, 150mg in Group II, and 245mg in Group III. Conclusion. It was observed that, in the patients undergoing ERCP, administration of propofol in combination with an opioid provided effective and reliable sedation, reduced the total dose of propofol, increased the practitioner satisfaction, decreased the pain level, and provided hemodynamic stability compared to the administration of propofol alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Für eine zuverlässige Tageslichtplanung im Innenraum ist die genaue Kenntnis insbesondere über die bi-direktionalen Kennzahlen (räumliche Verteilung des Leuchtdichtekoeffizienten q in Abhängigkeit des Lichteinfalls) der Tageslichtsysteme unverzichtbar. Es wird eine Methode mit Beispielen (RETROLux-Tageslichtsysteme) vorgestellt, bei der die gemessenen Verteilungen des Leuchtdichtekoeffizienten konvertiert werden, so dass die Ergebnisse in konventionellen Lichtplanungstools wie DIALux oder Relux importiert werden können, um lichttechnische Berechnungen mit photorealistischen Darstellungen durchzuführen. Integration of luminous characteristics into lighting design tools using the example of an innovative sun protection system. For reliable daylighting design in interior, precise knowledge is essential in particular on the bi-directional characteristics (spatial distribution of luminance coefficient q as a function of the light incidence) of the daylighting systems. A new method is presented with examples (RETROLux-daylighting systems), in which the measured distributions of luminance coefficients are converted, so that the results can be imported into conventional lighting design tools such as DIALux and Relux to perform calculations with photo-realistic representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient neurologic dysfunction is common after aortic surgery. Major causes of postoperative complications followed by cardiac surgery are due to hypoperfusion states such as selective cerebral perfusion, embolic debris during cardiopulmonary bypass and ulcerated plaque emboli originated from carotid arteries. Neurologic complications prolong periods of intensive care unit and hospital stay, worsens quality of life and unfortunately they are an important cause of morbidity. Anaesthesia during a carotid and aortic surgery constitutes of providing adequate brain perfusion pressure, attenuating cerebral metabolism by anaesthetic agents and monitoring the cerebral metabolic supply and demand relationship during the intraoperative period. We present a monitoring approach with an intraoperative 16-channel electroencephalography and bilateral near infrared spectroscopy during redo aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoseiulus persimilis of the family Phytoseiidae is an effective predatory mite species that is used to control pest mites. The LC 50 and LC 60 values of etoxazole were determined on P. persimilis using a leaf-disc method and spraying tower. A laboratory selection population designated ETO6 was found to have a 111.63-fold resistance to etoxazole following 6 selection cycles. This population developed low cross-resistance to spinosad, spiromesifen, acetamiprid, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, milbemectin and moderate cross-resistance to deltamethrin. PBO, IBP and DEM synergised resistance 3.17-, 2.85- and 3.60-fold respectively. Crossing experiments revealed that etoxazole resistance in the ETO6 population was an intermediately dominant and polygenic. In addition, detoxifying enzyme activities were increased 2.71-fold for esterase, 3.09-fold for glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 2.76-fold for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) in the ETO6 population. Selection for etoxazole under laboratory conditions resulted in the development of etoxazole resistance in the predatory mite P. persimilis that are resistant to pesticides are considered valuable for use in resistance management programmes within integrated pest control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Since the first liver transplantation, pretransplantation or post-transplantation renal problems are still among the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluid replacement solutions used intraoperatively on renal functions in elective living-donor liver transplantation. Methods After Ethics Committee approval, informed consents were obtained from patients. Patients with normal renal functions and scheduled for elective living-donor-liver transplantation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to infusion with 6% hydroxyehylstarch 130/40 (HES group) and 4% Gelofusine (GEL group). Blood samples were obtained before the induction of anesthesia (baseline), at the end of the operation, and postoperative days 1 and 4. Different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas using creatinine (modification of renal disease, chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration and Cockraud Gault) were used to calculate the eGFR. Results Thirty-six patients were included in the study (GEL group = 18; HES group = 18). Patient characteristics, modified end stage liver disease-Child Pugh score, American Society of anaesthesiologist scores, and intraoperative data were similar between groups. Postoperative measurements showed that creatinine was significantly higher in the GEL group compared with the baseline, which was not the case for the HES group. Similarly, postoperative eGFR levels, as measured using MDRD and CKD-EPI, were found to be significantly lower in the GEL group. Postoperative urine albumin:creatinine ratios were significantly higher in the GEL group compared with baseline. Total crystalloid amount used, colloid, blood, fresh frozen plasma values, extubation, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Postreperfusion syndrome developed in 6 patients in each group. Conclusion In conclusion, Gelofusine seem to cause more impairment in renal functions in elective living-donor liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis, resulting in pain in the abdomen, chest, joints and muscles. While patients diagnosed with FMF are under follow-up of the internal medicine doctors, surgeons are rarely responsible the initial diagnosis of FMF. We aimed to investigate the frequency of the FMF in the surgical emergency in those with acute nonspecific abdominal pain. Material and Methods: All patients admitted to emergency service due to acute abdominal pain were evaluated and those resulted with nonspecific pain were enrolled. During six months period, patients consistent with above criteria were examined with abdominal x-ray and ultrasound(US), hematological and biochemical test, and physical examinations. Nine type of FMF mutations were investigated in the patients. All results were comparatively evaluated considering MEFV (+) or MEFV(-). Results: There were 68 patients (35, 51.4% male and 33, 48.5% female) with a mean age of 29.5±10.1 (range: 17-49 years). All patients displayed mild or severe abdominal pain. Genetic analysis revealed that 19 [MEFV(+)] out of 68 patients (27,9%) carry mutation either homozygote or heterozygote. The most frequent mutation seen in seven patients was M694V (36.8%). In MEFV(+) patients, fibrinogen, CRP and lactate dehydrogenase levels(LDH) were significantly higher (p<0.05). On computed tomography, in six patients in whom US showed decompressed appendix, appendicitis was confirmed and appendectomy was performed. Conclusions: The patients with nonspecific abdominal pain should also be considered for FMF before decision of surgery. High levels of fibrinogen, CRP and LDH in addition to clinical history of similar attacks that arise strong clinical suspicion can help diagnose FMF with genetic analysis. Our results need confirmation in larger prospective studies to confirm these preliminary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Energiebedarf von Gebäuden ist in den letzten Jahren durch die Vorgabe von EU-Richtlinien und durch nationale Normen begrenzt worden und erfordert eine entsprechende Bewertung der Gebäude zum Nachweis der jeweiligen Energiebedarfszahlen. Dies ist auch auf öffentliche Gebäude wie Museen umzusetzen. Die Themenschwerpunkte Heizung, Kühlung, Behaglichkeit, Lebenszyklusanalyse, konservatorische Klimaanforderungen, Lüftung, Strömungssimulation, Bausubstanzerhaltung und Raumakustik werden in einem Verbundprojekt des BMWi behandelt. Zusätzlich ist ergänzend die Umsetzung der energetisch optimierten Beleuchtung und Erkennbarkeit in abgesicherte Planungsvorschläge zu erarbeiten. Dies gilt sowohl für den Einsatz neuer Lampen- und Vorschalttechnik als auch für den kombinierten Einsatz der Tageslichttechnik und elektronischer Kontrollsysteme. Energy-efficient lighting in museums, taking conservation into account. Energy demand in buildings has been restricted in recent years by EU Directives and national standards. Buildings now need to be assessed as proof that they meet the relevant energy demand requirements. These assessments must also be performed on public buildings, including museums. As part of a collaborative project, the BMWi (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology) is currently addressing the issues of heating, cooling, comfort, life-cycle analysis, conservation-related requirements for air-conditioning, ventilation, flow simulation, structural preservation and acoustics. The project will also involve the development of definitive design guidance for implementing lighting and visibility with maximum energy efficiency. This will cover both new lamp and ballast technology and the combined use of daylight technology with electronic control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Propofol has been widely used for anaesthesiology, although about 60%-70% of patients experience pain on injection. The aim of our study was to compare two storage patterns of propofol, namely room temperature versus refrigeration, in terms of their effect on incidence and severity of pain caused by its injection. Methods: Two hundred patients referred to gastrointestinal or urologic surgery with general anaesthesiology were included in a prospective randomized, double-blind study. After routine monitoring, 5 mL of propofol at room temperature and 5 mL of propofol kept in the fridge was administered within 10 seconds to patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. An investigator assessed pain intensity. Propofol temperature-pH were measured by another researcher. Results: The overall incidence of pain on injection of propofol was 73.7% in Group 1, and 83.2% in Group 2. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the incidence of pain. There was a significant difference between groups in terms of pain severity based on a 6-point verbal rating scale. While the median VRS value for Group 1 was 2, it was 3 in Group 2. Conclusion: Cold application has a local anesthetic effect of its own. In the present study it was observed that cold application of propofol caused pain more frequently, although it was statistically not significant; moreover, it was found that it statistically significantly increased the severity of pain. These findings indicate that propofol should be kept at room temperature instead of in the refrigerator in order to reduce injection pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated the distribution of early clinical outcomes among normal, obese, and morbidly obese patients undergoing open heart surgery. Methods: Medical records of 1,000 patients undergoing open heart surgery since February 2011 at our hospital were investigated retrospectively after permission was obtained from the Council of Education Planning of the hospital. The comorbidities and perioperative and discharge data were analyzed for 279 patients with a body mass index (BMI) score between 18 and <30 [non-obese reference group (NRG, n = 279)]; 166 patients with BMI between 30 and <35 [obese group (OG, n = 166); and 192 seriously obese patients with BMI ≥35 [extreme obese group (EOG, n = 192)]. Distribution of the patients according to BMI scores was found to represent the BMI distribution of the Turkish population. Results: Pulmonary and infective complications were significantly higher in EOG patients compared to NRG based on crude confidence interval. Based on adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis, by adjusting the effects of age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and smoking, the incidence of pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications in EOG was higher compared to NRG. Discharge with morbidity was significantly higher in OG and EOG compared to NRG. Conclusions: We found that obesity does not increase short-term mortality for open heart surgery; however, it increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications and discharge with morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main object of the present study is to assess neuromotor development of high-risk infants by using three tests, and to determine inter-test concordance and the feasibility of these tests. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and nine patients aged between 0 and 6 months and identified as "high-risk infant" according to the Kliegman's criteria were enrolled to the study. Three different tests were used to assess neuromotor development of the patients: Bayley scales of infant development-II (BSID-II), Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS), and Milani Comparetti Motor Development Screening Test (MCMDST). Results: Correlation analysis was performed between pure scores of BSID-II motor scale and total scores of AIMS. These two tests were highly correlated (r:0.92). Moderate concordance was found between BSID-II and AIMS (k:0.35). Slight concordance was found between BSID-II and MCMDST; and the concordance was slight again for AIMS and MCMDST (k:0.11 and k:0.16, respectively) too. Conclusion: AIMS has a high correlation and consistency with BSID-II and can be used with routine neurological examination as it is based on observations, has few items, and requires less time to complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die wissenschaftlich-technischen Arbeitsziele dieses vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft (BMWi) geförderten Projektes wurden in fünf Teilen erarbeitet. Die einzelnen Themen resultieren aus aktuellen Fragestellungen; sie haben dennoch einen allgemein anwendbaren Charakter. Das Konsortium hat die folgenden Teilprojekte bearbeitet: (1) Aufbau einer Messtechnik zur Bestimmung energetischer und lichttechnischer Kennzahlen von Tageslichtbauteilen mit einem round robin test, an dem drei Institute beteiligt waren. (2) Realisierung eines detaillierten Bewertungs- und Nachweisverfahrens für die Tageslichtversorgung von Innenräumen in unterschiedlichen Klimazonen. (3) Für die Beleuchtungskontrolle privater Lebensräume wurde ein 'Powerline Carrier Communication'-System evaluiert und die Vorteile gegenüber einem Funkübertragungssystem herausgearbeitet. (4) In einem Pflegeheim wurden quantitative Untersuchungen zum Wohlbefinden, zur Erfüllung von Sehaufgaben und zur Eignung zur Melatoninsuppression bei verschiedenen Szenarien der Allgemeinbeleuchtung mit zwei unterschiedlichen Farbtemperaturen der eingesetzten Lampen ('warmweißes Licht' mit TCP = 3000 K und 'kaltweißes Tageslicht' mit TCP = 6500 K) und vertikalen Beleuchtungsstärken an den Augen der Probanden zwischen 100 lx und 700 lx durchgeführt. (5) Für zwei Schulgebäude in Berlin wurde der Endenergiebedarf der Bestandsanlage, des Referenzgebäudes sowie der Neuplanung ermittelt. Dabei wurde in beiden Beispielen deutlich, dass die Bestandsanlage im Bereich der Beleuchtung den zulässigen Wert nach EnEV 2009 mitunter weit überschreitet. Eine gute Neuplanung hingegen kann den maximal zulässigen Wert deutlich unterschreiten. Diese Untersuchungen wurden von einem einjährigen Monitoring des Energieumsatzes begleitet. Eine Querschnittsanalyse über 48 Schulen mit insgesamt 86 Gebäuden zeigt unter anderem einen erheblichen Sanierungsbedarf bei Schulgebäuden, die vor 1990 errichtet wurden. Energy optimised lighting in buildings with simultaneous improvement of quality of life by daylight utilisation and innovative lamps and ballast techniques. The scientific and technical goals of this project were developed in five parts. The individual topics arising from current issues, they still have a generally applicable nature. The consortium has worked on the following subprojects: (1) Development of a measurement technique to determine energy and photometric key figures of daylight components with a round robin test with three institutes. (2) Implementation of a detailed evaluation and documentation process for daylighting of interior spaces in different climate zones. (3) For lighting control in private living areas a 'Power Line Carrier Communication' system has been evaluated and the advantages of a wireless transmission system were identified. (4) In a home for elderly quantitative studies on the well-being, for the fulfillment of visual tasks and the capability of melatonin suppression at different scenarios of general lighting with two different color temperatures of lamps ('warm white' with TCP = 3000 K and 'cold white daylight' with TCP = 6500 K) and vertical illuminance at the eyes of the subjects between 100 lx and 700 lx were performed. (5) For two school buildings in Berlin, the final energy consumption of the existing lighting system, the reference building and a re-planning were determined. It became clear in both examples that the existing lighting system exceeds the permitted value (EnEV 2009) by far. A good redesign, however, can be significantly less than the maximum allowed value. These studies were accompanied by a one-year monitoring of energy consumption. A cross-sectional analysis of 48 schools with a total of 86 buildings shows a substantial need for renovation of school buildings that were built before 1990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Turkish civil-military relations. Senior military officers evinced a desire to stay above politics and politicians in the sense both of remaining unsullied by them and of retaining control over them. In 1970, the military gravely disappointed left-wing revolutionary groups by deserting them and intervening in politics on the side of the center-right status quo and the Western alliance. Absolutism among the Turkish military appears to be in irreversible decline, and the gradualists seem to have won.

Abstract: There is currently much interest in creating pedagogically-oriented descriptions of formulaic language. Research in this area has typically taken what we call a ‘form-first’ approach, in which formulas are identified as the most frequent recurrent forms in a relevant corpus. While this research continues to yield valuable results, the present paper argues that much can also be gained by taking a ‘function-first’ approach, in which a corpus is first annotated for communicative functions and formulas are then identified as the recurrent patterns associated with each function. We demonstrate this approach through a comparative analysis of introductions to student essays and research articles. Focusing on one particularly common communicative function, the analysis demonstrates that (1) this function is more common in student essays than in articles; (2) both the choice to use the function and the choice of linguistic forms that realize the function vary across subject areas in research articles, but not in student essays; (3) research articles tend to be more formulaic in expressing the function than student essays; and (4) some parts of the forms used are highly formulaic, while others are more open. The key formulas are described and suggestions made regarding their pedagogical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4-Methyl-1-(3,4,4-trichloro-1-cyclohexylsulfanyl-2-nitro-buta-1,3-dienyl) piperidine (2a) and 4-(3,4,4-trichloro-1-decylsulfanyl-2-nitro-buta-1,3-dienyl) morpholine (3b) were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined. The compound 2a is monoclinic, with space group P21/n, a = 13.2874(8), b = 9.7584(4), c = 15.9479(9) Å, β = 109.110(3)°. V = 1953.91(18) Å3, Z = 4. The cyclohexyl and piperidine rings adopt chair conformation. The compound 3b is monoclinic, with space group P 1 21/c 1, a = 15.7741(3), b = 8.9335(10), c = 16.7775(4) Å, β = 100.7382(13)°. V = 2322.85(8)Å3, Z = 4. The morpholine ring is in a chair conformation. The butadiene unit assumed a configuration close to cissoid in both structures, and their spectroscopic properties were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Chronic postthoracotomy pain (CPTP) seems to be a combination of both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. The mechanism of CPTP based on neuropathic origin results in amitryptiline and gabapentine to be regarded attractive adjuvant analgesics. Aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of gabapentine and amitryptiline in CPTP. Material and Method: 40 patients with chronic nonmalignant postthoracotomy pain (burning, stabbing and shooting pain) received gabapentine or amitryptiline as a single drug therapy. Study drugs were increased to effective and tolerable doses gradually throughout the study (4 weeks). Assessment variables were the intensity of burning, stabbing and shooting pain (assessed on VAS), side effects and patients' satisfaction (assessed with 7-points Likert's scale). The assessments were done before the study drugs treatments, at one and 4 weeks of study. Results: The burning, stabbing and shooting pain scores mean VAS values were lower in gabapentine group compared with amitryptiline group (p<0,05). Side effects were also high (55 %) in amitryptiline group (p<0,001). Patients satisfaction measured with Likert's scale was statistically significantly high in gabapentine grup (6,35±0,7; 50 % improvements) compared with amitryptiline group (4,55±0,9; 25 %). Conclusion: Gabapentin appears safe and well tolerated when used for chronic postthoracotomy pain. Gabapentin as one of the first line agents used in neuropathic pain are preferable in postthoracotomy pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Nitrodiene 1 reacted with 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and cyclohexyl thiol to yield compounds 3 and 4, respectively. Compounds 7a-d were obtained by reactions of 6a-d with 2. The novel N,S-substituted dienes 9a-c were obtained by treatment of compound 6b with the piperazine derivatives 8a-c. Compound 6b was reacted with 10 to give compound 11 as a new morpholine derivative. Compound 6b gave a new monobutadienyl homopiperazine 13 when reacted with homopiperazine in methylene chloride. Compound 4 was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition and physical properties of the rose absolute produced from rose concretes and the extract, supplied by three different companies, were determined by GC and GC-MS. It was found that rose absolute consists mainly of β-phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, eugenol, methyl eugenol, geranyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, nonadecane, nonadecene and farnesol. The solid residue, which is the by-product of absolute production, was further divided on a silica gel column into three fractions by solvents having different polarities ( n-hexane, 5% diethyl ether in n-hexane, and diethyl ether alone). A fraction eluated with n-hexane was analysed directly by GC and GC-MS. Two other fractions, after saponification, were converted to their methyl ester derivatives and then analysed by GC and GC-MS. It was observed that the solid residue contains mainly straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons with high molecular weight (C15-C31) and the esters of carboxylic acids and a homologous series between them exists. It was also concluded that the extract obtained by solvent extraction from the residue of rose flower ( Rosa damascena Mill.) which was subjected to steam distillation is also a valuable raw material. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mawâlî, generally is used for non-Arabs. This group has took negative effect for Umayyad power's politics that is on the side of Arabs. Because, in the period of Umayyad, they were second-class citizens even though they were Muslims. Also, in the period of Abbasid, this group appeared in the areas of politics, sciences and thoughts. Mawâlî had an active role in the process of the sects and some idea's formation. On this context, this article intends to reply to questions concerned with the role of mawâlî's opinion of the sect's formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature dependencies (15–300 K) of seven Raman-active mode frequencies and linewidths in layered gallium selenide have been measured in the frequency range from 10 to 320 cm−1. We observed softening and broadening of the optical phonon lines with increasing temperature. Comparison between the experimental data and theories of the shift and broadening of the intralayer phonon lines during heating of the crystal showed that the experimental dependencies can be explained by the contributions from thermal expansion, lattice anharmonicity and crystal disorder. The pure-temperature contribution (phonon–phonon coupling) is due to three-phonon processes. Moreover, it was established that the effect of crystal disorder on the linewidth broadening of TO mode is stronger than that of LO mode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: We aimed to analyze the development of epilepsy in a patient group with periventricular leukomalacia followed at a tertiary pediatric neurology center. Patients and methods: The study included 108 children aged between 2 and 8 years with radiologically proven periventricular leukomalacia who had been regularly observed at the Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic between January 2006 and December 2011. Results: Neonatal seizures were reported in 22 patients (20.3%), 14 of whom developed epilepsy. A significant correlation was found between neonatal seizures and prematurity and newborn asphyxia (p = 0.013 and p = 0.010, respectively). Epilepsy developed in 35 patients (32.4%), history of neonatal seizures and more severe loss of white matter, periventricular hyperintensity and corpus callosum involvement were found to be correlated with epilepsy (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.016, and p = 0.004, respectively). The most common seizure pattern observed was generalized tonic clonic seizures (n = 13) and complex partial seizures (n = 11). Those with focal EEG findings had a significantly better neurodevelopmental and cognitive level than those with multifocal/generalized EEG findings (p = 0.024). Seizures continued with varying frequency in 14 epileptic patients (40%) despite antiepileptic treatment. Conclusion: Almost a third of patients with periventricular leukomalacia develop epilepsy that can be intractable in substantial part. Neonatal seizures and severe MRI findings are important clues that can indicate the development of epilepsy in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Myelin is essential for a healthy nervous system. Myelin formed by oligodendrocytes, accelerates impulse propagation and supports neuronal survival. Demyelination leads to neurodegeneration. In multiple sclerosis (MS) immune attack results in demyelination. Our goal is to dissect interactions among oligodendrocytes, neurons, and immune cells to improve our understanding of myelination and the demyelinating diseases. We aim to discover new targets for remyelination therapies. Methods: We are building tools for analyzing protein-protein and cell-to-cell interactions. To identify genes involved in myelination and MS, we developed a bioinformatics-based strategy, interactome analysis, which combines proteome and gene expression methodologies. Identified genes are evaluated in peripheral blood of MS patients and in mouse models. To accelerate drug discovery, 23 machine learning-based methodologies were assessed for myelin identification in fluorescent microscopy images. Results: Interactome analysis identified hundreds of proteinprotein interactions between pairs of oligodendrocytes, neurons, macrophages, microglia, and T cells. Most significant interactions are further analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Our customizedconvolutional neural network and Boosted Tree methods segmented myelin at over 98% accuracy. Identified myelin can be quantified and visualized in 3D. Conclusion: The interactome analysis yielded novel genes that are likely to be linked to MS. Machine learning-based methodologies are very effective in accelerating myelin quantification and thus, drug screens against demyelinating diseases such as MS. Overall, our innovative analysis strategies employing computer assistance produced novel avenues of exploration for myelination and demyelinating diseases. This study was supported TUBITAK (218S495,316S026), Istanbul Medipol University (BAP2018/06), and Turkish Academy of Sciences (GEBIP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To define clinical features of patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentation and course of the disease in patients diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2008 at the Pediatric Neurology Department of the Istanbul Medical Faculty. Results: The nine patients had a mean age of 6.6 months (2-15 months) at the onset of symptoms. Paroxysmal eye movements were the early symptom of five patients. All patients had recurrent alternating hemiplegic episodes and relief of symptoms while sleeping. Duration of events varied widely from few minutes to several days and was associated with slowly progressive neurological deterioration. Flunarizine might decrease frequency of events but is not effective to neurological deterioration. Amantadine as an alternative agent is used in add-on therapy, but epileptogenic side effect prevented the evaluation of long-term efficacy. Conclusion: Trials on new agents like amantadine are necessary for more effective control of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floppiness in an infant may have a number of different etiologies from disorders of the brain to spinal cord lesions, neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies.In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation of muscle ultrasonography (US) and electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of floppy infants.The study encompassed 41 floppy infants aged 2–24 months. The muscle US and EMG examinations were performed without awareness of the clinical diagnosis. The final diagnosis was established by molecular genetic tests or muscle/nerve biopsy. The neurogenic group consisted of 16 infants according to their US and EMG findings. Fifteen of them had spinal muscular atrophy proven by genetic analysis and one had polyneuropathy diagnosed by nerve biopsy. Six infants were in the myopathic group according to their muscle US and EMG results. All of them underwent muscle biopsy and microscopic examination revealed five congenital muscular dystrophy and one glycogen storage disease. In two infants the US and EMG data conflicted. Their biopsies were also insufficient for the diagnosis. Seventeen infants had normal US and EMG findings but pathologic cranial magnetic resonance imaging or metabolic/genetic tests. They were considered in the group of central hypotonia.Our results suggest a high concordance of US and EMG findings in the diagnostic work-up of neurogenic and myopathic disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Macrophages have a dual effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) they promote remyelination via secreted factors and they phagocytose myelin causing demyelination. Thus, signaling pathways regulating macrophage physiology are investigated as therapeutic targets. Among those pathways, dopamine and adenosine signaling pathways, drew attention due to positive results in animal models. Additionally, the two pathways were shown to act synergistically in in vitro experiments. Therefore, synergistic modulation of dopamine and adenosine pathways in macrophages may be a key target for MS therapy. Goal of this study is to investigate the effect of modulation of dopamine and adenosine pathways on myelin damage and remyelination using macrophage oligodendrocyte co-cultures. Methods: First, co-cultures were established with inactivated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages isolated from adult mice peritoneum and oligodendrocytes differentiated from the cortex of newborn mice. 48-hour old co-cultures were treated with single, double and triple combinations of dopamine signaling pathway agonist (Quinpirole), adenosine signaling pathway agonist (Istradefylline) and antagonist (CGS21680). Then, co-cultures were fixed and analyzed using immunocytochemistry. Macrophages were labeled with CD11b, oligodendrocytes with SOX10 and mature oligodendrocytes with Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and quantified by cell counting. Results: In co-cultures with inactivated and LPS-activated macrophages, an increase in the number of mature oligodendrocytes was observed while the total number of oligodendrocytes did not change. However, a triple combination of agonists and antagonist treatment reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes in the LPS-activated macrophage-oligodendrocyte co-cultures. Conclusion: Inactive and LPS-activated macrophages increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes under co-culture conditions. Therefore, macrophages have a positive effect on oligodendrocytes when not activated by MS cues or to a similar extend and LPS treatment alone is not enough to simulate MS like conditions. Observed positive effect can be inhibited by modulating dopamine and adenosine signaling pathways. We thank TUBITAK for their support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine the relationship between perception of COVID‐19, fear of COVID‐19 and self‐care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process. Background: Individuals with chronic diseases are a sensitive group during the COVID‐19 pandemic process; it is thought that self‐care management may be adversely affected as a result of their more intense exposure to the psychological, physiological and economic effects of the pandemic. In the literature, there is no study examining the effect of perception of COVID‐19 and fear of COVID‐19 on self‐care management in individuals with chronic diseases. Design: Descriptive study. Methods: The study was conducted with 322 individuals who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a university's Health Practice and Research Center, met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study and had a chronic disease. Questionnaire form, Perception of COVID‐19 Scale (P‐COVID‐19), The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) and Self‐Care Management Process in Chronic Illness Scale (SCMP‐G) were used to collect data. STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. Results: In the study, it can be stated that individuals with chronic diseases had a moderate to the high perception of contagiousness and dangerousness of COVID‐19, they had a moderate‐high level of fear of COVID‐19 and their self‐care care management was above moderate level. There was a significant positive correlation between P‐COVID‐19, FCV‐19S and SCMP‐G in the study. Conclusions: It was found that the perception of COVID‐19 contagiousness and the fear of COVID‐19 had a positive effect on the self‐care management of individuals with chronic diseases. Relevance to clinical practice: Determining the level of COVID‐19 perception and fear of COVID‐19 and their effects on the life of the individual, and evaluating self‐care management during the difficult pandemic process will increase the success in the holistic nursing care and management of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]