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The exceptionally low reflectance of black silicon (Si) across a broad wavelength range makes it an intriguing surface texture for solar cell applications. Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells fabricated on black Si formed by dry reactive ion etching using inductive coupled plasma on n-type Si are explored. The study is focused on the properties of the a-Si:H/ crystalline silicon interface, being a key issue for the photovoltaic performance of SHJ. Deep-level transient spectroscopy detected no radiation defect in Si after the etching. The surface of black Si was passivated with an intrinsic a-Si:H layer, followed by the deposition of p-type and n-type a-Si:H on the front and back sides, respectively. The SHJ solar cell photovoltaic performance based on black Si is strongly influenced by defect density at the a-Si:H/Si interface. Admittance spectroscopy and effective charge carrier lifetime measurements demonstrate that interface defect density decreases with the increase of (i) a-Si:H thickness. The value of 0.75 ms effective charge carrier lifetime was reached for single (i) a-Si:H layer passivation and 0.25 ms when (p)a-Si:H was deposited over the intrinsic a-Si:H layer. The measured open circuit voltage values for the SHJ solar cells increase with the (i) a-Si:H layer thickness reaching 658 mV. However, the fill factor decreases with increasing (i) a-Si:H layer thickness, limiting the efficiency at the maximum value below 14% due to the thickness uniformity of the a-Si:H layer. The development of conformal growth of a-Si:H is a key issue for further improvement of black Si heterojunction solar cell photovoltaic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive test anxiety and dysfunctional metacognitions can significantly impact an individual's performance and overall mental health. However, the effectiveness of various treatment strategies, including Virtual Reality (VR) therapy, is yet to be fully explored. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of VR therapy in reducing cognitive test anxiety and dysfunctional metacognitions in adults. Methods: A total of 64 participants were enrolled in the study, with 40 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group. Data were collected using the Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pretest and posttest scores, while independent samples t-tests were used to compare the means between the groups. Results: The findings suggest that the treatment group experienced a significant reduction in cognitive test anxiety and negative metacognition scores following VR therapy. No significant changes were observed in the control group, and there were no significant differences in pretest scores between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: The study indicates that VR therapy may be an effective treatment strategy for reducing cognitive test anxiety and dysfunctional metacognitions. Further research is recommended to validate these findings and explore the potential of VR therapy in treating other psychological disorders. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study herein focuses on the vortex shedding characteristics and near-wake vorticity patterns of a square cylinder having self-issuing jets through holes along its span. Three different values of spacing between the consecutive holes λ with respect to the cylinder diameter D, i.e., λ/ D = 1.5, 3 and 4 are studied experimentally via Digital Particle Image Velocimetry for the Reynolds number range extending from 200 to 1,000. It has been observed that the three-dimensionality of the wake flow depends on the spacing between the holes and Re number. For sufficiently low Reynolds numbers, the jet flows issuing from the holes yield a non-uniform distribution of mean flow characteristics like the shedding frequency and the formation length of vortices along the span of the cylinder when the spacing between jets along centerline is close to wavelength of the naturally existing three-dimensional wake instability. Additionally, for Re number up to 500, the self-issuing jets emanating from the holes show an indirect interaction with shear layers originating from upper and lower separation lines of the cylinder. However, for higher Re numbers of 750 and 1,000, they directly interact with and modify the vortices forming from the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of melanoma has changed significantly with the discovery of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Our aim in the study is to determine which treatment alternatives, specifically dabrafenib plus trametinib and ICIs, are effective in adjuvant therapy and which treatment is effective as first-line metastatic therapy. This retrospective, multicenter study included 120 patients diagnosed with stage IIIB-IIID melanoma receiving both adjuvant and first-line metastatic treatment between 2007 and 2023. Data on clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment regimens and outcomes were collected. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Patients treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib as adjuvant therapy had the longest relapse-free survival (RFS) (median: 8.3 months), followed by those treated with interferon (4.1 months) and nivolumab (1.9 months) (p = 0.002). Metastatically, the highest ORR was observed in patients treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib (54.5%), followed by ICI (52.0%) and chemotherapy (33.3%). Similarly, DCR was superior for dabrafenib plus trametinib (86.3%) compared to ICI (70.8%) and chemotherapy (66.6%). Median PFS was 9.7 months (95% CI 7.2-12.2 months) in the whole group. This was 14.3 months (95% CI 9.6-19.0 months) with ICI, 10.3 months (95% CI 4.2-16.4 months) with BRAF/MEK inhibitors and 6.3 months (95% CI 4.7-7.9 months) with chemotherapy, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Dabrafenib plus trametinib showed the longest median OS (53.5 months) in metastatic patients and was significantly better than chemotherapy (33.6 months) (p < 0.001). BRAF V600E mutation, RFS > 6 months, ORR are all independent factors for OS prognosis. In our study, dabrafenib plus trametinib combination was more effective in adjuvant treatment of melanoma, while immunotherapy was more effective in metastatic first-line treatment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics statement: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Marmara University Ethics Committee approved the study (Approval Number 08.12.2023.1555) Informed consent: Informed consent was waived by (Marmara University Ethics Committee approved the study (Approval Number 08.12.2023.1555)) due to retrospective nature of study., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

This study investigates the relationship between ADHD symptom severity, metacognition, problematic social media use, and cyberbullying/cybervictimization in treatment-naïve adolescents. Understanding these relationships is vital for enhancing ADHD intervention strategies. Using a cross-sectional design, 97 adolescents meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD without any comorbidity and 97 healthy controls were assessed. Measures included the Metacognitions Questionnaire for Children, Social Media Disorder Scale, Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II, and Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Short. The comparisons were performed with independent samples' t tests and the associations were estimated by using Pearson's bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed that adolescents with ADHD exhibited higher levels of dysfunctional metacognitions, problematic social media use, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization compared to controls. Regression analysis showed significant positive associations between ADHD symptoms, specific metacognitions (e.g., positive meta-worry, cognitive monitoring), and problematic social media use. This study, the first of its kind among treatment-naïve ADHD adolescents, provides valuable insights into the relationship between ADHD symptoms and particular metacognitions (i.e. positive meta-worry, cognitive monitoring) and problematic social media use. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ADHD in adolescence and may inform the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies, particularly relevant given adolescents' susceptibility to social media's influence and their potential for cognitive flexibility in rehabilitation contexts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Mental health (MH) care for people living with HIV (PLWH) emerges as an important unmet need, yet there are no integrated HIV-MH clinics in Turkey. Our aim is to determine MH service use and its associated factors in PLWH followed up in the HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics in Istanbul/Turkey., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics of the Infectious Diseases (ID) departments in hospitals affiliated with the ACTHIV-IST Study Group. Structured interviews were performed using questionnaires that covered psychiatric state, medical history, and help-seeking behavior., Results: Out of 172 outpatients, 121 (70.3%) reported MH complaints after infection, and 65.6% felt a need to see MH professionals. Among those, 59% shared their MH distress with the ID team. However, only 20.7% applied to an MH service, and 16.5% received psychiatric treatment. Previous MH diagnoses (AOR = 4.11; 95%CI = 1.26-13.39), sharing the disease with the ID team (AOR = 4.18; 95%CI = 1.24-14.11), and being hospitalized due to HIV (AOR = 6.54; 95%CI = 1.21-35.39) emerged as the predictors of MH service use among those who would like to see an MH professional in logistic regression., Conclusions: Closer contact with the healthcare system may increase the chances of PLWH receiving MH care. Thus, integrating MH services in HIV/AIDS care would help reach more PLWH who are distressed., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Child abuse and neglect includes any behavior that harms the child or hinders the child's development. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected child abuse or neglect in the pediatric emergency department. Between July 2017 and July 2022, patients admitted to our pediatric emergency department and consulted to the medical social services unit with a preliminary diagnosis of neglect and/or abuse were retrospectively scanned through the registry system. The patients were divided into five groups according to their victimization: physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; neglect; and medical child abuse (MCA)-Munchausen by proxy. A total of 371 children were included in the study. Two hundred twenty-two (59.8%) of the patients were female and the median age was 161 months [IQR (46-192)]. Then, 56.3% of the patients were in the adolescent age group. The most common admission time period was between 16.00 and 24.00 (n 163, 43.9%). Then, 24.2% of the patients were exposed to physical abuse, 8.8% to sexual abuse, 26.1% to emotional abuse, 50.4% to neglect, and 3.2% to MCA. One hundred eight (29.1%) patients were followed up as inpatients in the pediatric intensive care unit. Four of the patients (1%) had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and the deaths were in patients under 2 years of age.  Conclusion: Pediatric emergency departments are one of the important units visited by child maltreatment patients. Victimized children may reflect their silent screams with various clinical presentations. Infants are at the greatest risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries. Health professionals working in the emergency department have an important role in detecting, treating, and preventing recurrence of child neglect and abuse. What is Known: • The pediatric emergency department is an important entry point in the health care system for children who experience maltreatment. • It has a wide spectrum of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. What is New: • A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose cases of child maltreatment. • Infants are at the greatest risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Abnormalities in emotion recognition (ER) are frequently reported in depression, with lower recognition accuracy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared to healthy individuals. Mindfulness was found to directly impact the severity of depressive symptoms, by recognizing negative cognitions and dysfunctional reactions. The aims of this study were to compare ER and mindfulness levels between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs), as well as to examine whether ER and mindfulness are related to symptom severity in MDD patients. Sixty-eight patients with MDD and 93 HCs participated in the study. A sociodemographic form, reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), five facet mindfulness questionnaire-short form (FFMQ-S) and the Montgomery-Asberg depression scale (MADRS) were administered. Group comparison in ER and mindfulness was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between depression severity, ER and mindfulness in the patient group. Higher level of mindfulness was found in HCs relative to MDD group, however, no ER difference was present between the groups. A positive association between depression severity and the non-reactivity facet of mindfulness was found. On the other hand, ER was not significantly associated with symptom severity among individuals with MDD. Non-reactivity, unlike other dimensions of mindfulness, seems to increase with the severity of depressive symptoms among MDD patients. A particular focus on this subdimension in mindfulness techniques may yield better outcomes in alleviation of depressive symptoms., (© 2023 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate aspects of pediatric patients presenting to a hospital in Turkey via emergency ambulance services, including incidence of visits to the hospital, acuity of illness and most common diagnoses, during the one-year period before and after the onset of the coronavrrus dsease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic., Methods: This was a retrospective and single center analysis of children, transported by Emergency Medical Services to the Emergency Department (ED) of a children's hospital in Turkey, between 10 March 2019 and 11 March 2021., Results: Percentage of high acuity group (68.1% vs.76.9%) during pandemic period was significantly lower than prepandemic period (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the percentage of patients using emergency ambulance service with a low level of acuity increased during the pandemic period compared to the prepandemic period (31.9% vs. 23.1%) (p < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed in the cases of lower respiratory tract infections, febrile status epilepticus and excessive alcohol use during the pandemic period. No significant differences were found hospitalizations requiring PICU and mortality in ED during the pandemic period., Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic; also, a decrease in admissions was observed for those with high-risk conditions. On the contrary, an increase was detected in patients with low acuity levels. Efforts should be made to ensure access to safe and quality emergency care during the pandemic., (© The Author(s) [2024]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Tigecycline is a parenteral glycycline antibiotic that is used to treat severe infections caused by susceptible organisms, butitis also associated with hepatotoxicity. We present 2 similar patients with hepatic steatosis possibly associated with early tigecycline after transplant. In the first case, a 61-year-old woman underwent liver transplant for acute severe hepatitis; 6 days posttransplant, because of nonroutine resistant fever, the patient received tigecycline combined with daptomycin. Retransplant was applied to the patient on day 12 posttransplant because of acute liver failure secondary to hepatic vein thrombosis. After retransplant, biochemical levels gradually increased, exceeding the upper limit of normal. In liver biopsy, the patient had macrovesicular steatosis in 70% to 80% ofthe parenchyma. In the second case, a 53-yearold woman underwent liver transplant for liver cirrhosis. Tigecycline was added to the treatment because of recurrent fever on day 6 after transplant, with treatment also comprising piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem. On day 15 of the patient's tigecycline treatment, her liver function tests were elevated. In liver biopsy, the patient had 30% to 40% macrovesicular steatosis and canalicular cholestasis in the parenchyma, especially in zone 3. Reports of hepatic steatosis associated with early tigecycline after transplant are quite new to the literature.