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• Objective: This trial is designed to investigate the effects of some prenatalfactors on rectal cancer risk. Particularly, investigation of the effect of advanced parent age on rectal cancer development risk, as in some other cancer types, was targeted. • Material and Method: For this purpose, prenatal factors including the mother and father age at the time of birth, the smoking history of the parent, and some environmental-factors were questioned through a survey and the results were compared between the patients (n: 45) and the control group (n: 90). • Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with rectum cancer and the control group with respect to age, gender, education, monthly earnings, mean height, weight, BMI values, smoking habit, menarche, menopause, consumption of milk, milk products, bread, cereals, meat and egg, tea, alcohol and fat content of the meals. While the mean mother age at birth was 28.5±7.42 in patients, it was 25.3±5.83 in the controls. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) The mean father age at birth was 32.4±8.85 in patients, it was 28.1 ±6.67 in the controls. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.005,). According to coffee drinking habit the difference was statistically significant (p=0.037). • Conclusion: The rectum cancer patient compared healthy group consumed less coffee and had advanced parental age. So that coffee intake and young parent age may lower the risk of rectal cancer but more comprehensive studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]