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Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex multisystem disease that affects around 1 million of the Indian population every year and is characterized by persistent fatigue. CFS is related to cardiovascular illness, and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system dysfunction is often seen. We investigated the state of cardiac autonomic function in CFS and associated it with their level of inflammatory markers and disease severity since there is not much research on the subject. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate cardiac autonomic functions by using heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CFS and in healthy controls. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HRV and inflammatory markers in patients with CFS and in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty controls and 30 diagnosed cases of CFS were used in the research. The short-term variability of heart rate was used to measure autonomic function. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-10) in 3 mL of overnight fasting serum. TNF-α and IL-10 were used to evaluate the severity of CFS. Results: Patients with CFS showed a substantial reduction in low frequency (LF) (P=0.00*), high frequency (HF) (P=0.00*), LF/HF ratio (P=0.00*), and time domain parameters of HRV, namely RMSSD (P=0.03*), SDNN (P=0.00*), NN50 (P=0.00*) and total power (P=0.00*). Patients with CFS had considerably higher levels of TNF-α. TNF-α and LF/HF ratio and RMSSD, NN50, and HF were shown to have a substantially favorable correlation. Conclusions: Our research indicates a substantial correlation between autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity, as well as the severity of CFS. Therefore, we suggest that HRV might be a useful technique for accurately screening CFS patients for autonomic disruption symptoms early on, which can significantly lower morbidity and death in the future.

Background: Common headache disorders, including tension-type migraines and cluster headaches, are related to malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Many autonomic signs of migraines aggravate the discomfort of the episode. Understanding the function and comorbidities of migraine patients depends on tests for assessing the cardiovascular autonomic responsiveness of the ANS. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the use of cardiovascular reflex testing in adults with chronic migraine and healthy controls. Investigating inflammatory markers in individuals suffering from chronic migraines and controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy controls and 30 people suffering from persistent migraines were part of the research. Cardiovascular reflex tests were performed. Inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-10 were also evaluated. SPSS edition 21 was used for the statistical analysis. For parameters with normal and atypical distributions, the Mann–Whitney test and the unpaired t-test, respectively, were used. Results: Among 30 subjects, testing for autonomic reactivity related to chronic migraines revealed significantly lower values than those for control. Patients with chronic migraines had far more inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10. Conclusions: Revealing autonomic dysfunction, the group with chronic migraines had a lower parasympathetic tone and sympathoexcitation than the healthy control group. Future studies should concentrate on ANS dysfunction as a biomarker for early warning signals for drug intake and migraine control.

Purpose: To observe the spectroscopic profile of human lens in different age groups and varying grades of cataract and to use the data to arrive at differentiating molecular biology. Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Methods: The study enrolled 30 patients (30 eyes) with a mean age of 59.6 years diagnosed with immature senile cataracts. The patients underwent small incision cataract surgery, and the harvested lens nuclei were examined under a Raman spectroscope for studying their molecular composition. The relative intensities of the peaks in the Raman spectra were evaluated and compared among different age groups and grades of cataract. A correlation of tyrosine doublet ratio with grade of cataract and age of the subject was calculated. Result: Several Raman spectral peaks were observed in the range of 600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 with correspondence to tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and amides I and III. A strong negative correlation between the grade of cataract and the ratio of tyrosine doublet was seen (r = -0.805). Also, a negative correlation between age and tyrosine ratio was seen (r = -0.62). The wavenumber/spectral peak of tryptophan was observed only in one sample, and amides I and III were identified, but the intensity of the peak for amide II was very small or absent. Conclusion: It was observed that the buried conformation of tyrosine was predominant in cases with a higher age or grade of cataract. The buried conformation of tryptophan became less in the higher grades of cataract.

Keberadaan tanaman sebagai makhluk hidup sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Tanaman bertahan hidup dengan memanfaatkan air. Proses penyiraman tanaman yang tidak terkontrol dapat berakibat buruk pada kelangsungan hidupnya. Serta proses penyiraman yang dilakukan secara manual sangat tidak efisien karena pemilik harus berada dalam satu tempat dengan tanaman miliknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang aplikasi pengontrol sistem penyiraman tanaman otomatis yang berbasis android dan arduino supaya dapat digunakan secara mobilitas. Aplikasi dirancang dengan metode SDLC waterfall menggunakan toolkit milik Flutter dengan bahasa perogaman dart. Sedangkan perancangan sistem menggunakan software Arduino IDE. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi android yang dapat memonitor nilai kelembapan tanah pada tanaman dalam satuan waktu dan tombol on/off yang dapat menghidupkan dan mematikan pompa air penyiram tanaman. Pengguna dapat melihat nilai kelembapan tanah secara realtime melalui aplikasi android dengan menggunakan koneksi internet. Penggunaan ini menggunakan server firebase sebagai database dengan memanfaatkan fitur realtime firebase database milik server firebase. Sistem dan aplikasi yang telah dirancang diuji kegunaannya dengan pengujian terakhir aplikasi menggunakan usability testing. Hasil dari survey pada usability testing mendapatkan hasil bahawa aplikasi berfungsi sebagaimana semestinya dan mendapat kategori “Sangat Baik” sebesar 94,44% dari responden.

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial synergistic effects of S-allyl Cysteine (SAC) and Taurine (TAU) on hyperglycemia, lipid profile and renal damage markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Experimental T2DM was developed by administering an intraperitoneal single dose of nicotinamide (NA; 230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/ kg) in adult rats. Control and diabetic rats were treated with SAC (150 mg/kg); TAU (200 mg/ kg) or SAC and TAU (75+100 mg/kg) combination for four weeks. Measurements of traditional markers of kidney toxicity in serum, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), together with serum cholesterol/triglyceride such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) may yield a snapshot of renal damage and lipid profile in NA/STZ-treated rats. The variation in levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and lipid profile was significantly augmented in SAC/TAU treatment group. The diabetic group showed elevated renal injury markers in serum, which were decreased significantly by SAC/TAU treatment. Thus the results of the experiment clearly indicate the potential of the SAC/TAU combination in improving diabetic complications.

This work aims to deal with the challenges associated with designing complementary bifunctional electrocatalysts and a separator/membrane that enables rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) with nearly solid-state operability. This solid-state RZAB was accomplished by integrating a bifunctional electrocatalyst based on Ru-RuO 2 interface nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene (Ru-RuO 2 /NGr) and a dual-doped poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel (d-PAA) electrolyte soaked in KOH with sodium stannate additive. The catalyst shows enhanced activity and stability toward the two oxygen reactions, i.e., oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER), with a very low potential difference (Δ E ) of 0.64 V. The computational insights bring out the electronic factors contributing to the enhanced catalytic activity of Ru-RuO 2 /NGr based on the charge density difference (CDD) between the interfaces. The disadvantages of the existing solid-state RZABs, such as their limited lifespan brought on by passivation, dendritic growth, corrosion, and shape change, have also been taken into account. The introduction of the stannate additive to the electrolyte induced an in situ Zn-anode modification, which subsequently improved the interfacial stability of the ZABs and, hence, the battery life cycles. The experimental observations reveal that, during the charging process, the Sn nanoparticles enable the homogeneous Zn deposition on the surface of the anode. Thus, the in situ Zn-anode surface modification assisted in achieving a high-rate cycle capability, viz., the homemade catalyst-based system exhibited continuous charge-discharge cycles for 20 h at a current density of 2.0 mA cm -2 , with each cycle lasting for 5 min.

Three dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials are highly desirable for electrochemical applications owing to their high surface area and porosity. Uniformly distributed porosity in the 3D architecture of carbon support materials allows reactant molecules to access more electrochemically active centres and simultaneously facilitate removal of the product formed during electrochemical reactions. Herein, we have prepared a nitrogen-doped entangled graphene framework (NEGF), decorated with NiFe-LDH nanostructures by an in situ solvothermal method followed by freeze-drying at high vacuum pressure and low temperature. The freeze-drying method helped to prevent the restacking of the graphene sheets and the formation of a high surface area nitrogen-doped entangled graphene framework (NEGF) supported NiFe-LDHs. The incorporation of the NEGF has significantly reduced the overpotential for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH solution. This corresponds to an overpotential reduction from 340 mV for NiFe-LDHs to 290 mV for NiFe-LDH/NEGF to reach the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm -2 . The preparation of the catalyst is conceived through a low-temperature scalable process., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)