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Artificial Intelligence has become increasingly important for aiding human decision making in various fields such as healthcare, automotive industry, education, and economy. Hence, in the last years, the interest of researchers and practitioners on developing and deploying Machine Learning (ML) models that are trustworthy is increasing. In this paper, we present TrustML, a simple to use, extensible and yet comprehensive Python package that allows specifying and computing the trustworthiness of ML models meant to conform AI systems. This package may be used for evaluating ML model's trustworthiness either during their development process and in production environments to support the continuous monitoring of their trustworthiness, benefiting taking correction actions when needed., This work was supported by “Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Generalitat de Catalunya)” under grant agreement 2020 FI SDUR 00279, and by the “Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” under project / funding scheme PID2020–117191RB-I00 / AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

El proyecto "Desarrollo del módulo de Mantenim Circular de la aplicación TCQi" es un trabajo final de grado en Ingeniería del Software en colaboración con el Instituto de Tecnología de la Construcción (ITeC). En respuesta al creciente auge de plataformas de compraventa de segunda mano y la creciente preocupación por el medio ambiente, se presenta la plataforma "Mantenim Circular", una plataforma integrada en TCQi que se centra en la gestión eficiente de elementos residuales u obsoletos a lo largo del ciclo de vida de los proyectos constructivos. "Mantenim Circular" tiene como objetivo prolongar la vida útil de materiales y productos, reduciendo la generación de residuos y promoviendo prácticas responsables. Este enfoque alinea el proyecto con la creciente conciencia ambiental y sostenible, fomentando el uso de la economía circular en el sector de la construcción., The project "Desarrollo del módulo de Mantenim Circular de la aplicación TCQi" is a final project of degree in Software Engineering in collaboration with the Institute of Construction Technology (ITeC). In response to the growing boom of second-hand sales platforms and growing concern for the environment, the "Mantenim Circular" platform is presented, a platform integrated into TCQi that focuses on the efficient management of residual or obsolete elements throughout the life cycle of construction projects. "Mantenim Circular" aims to extend the lifespan of materials and products, reducing waste generation and promoting responsible practices. This approach aligns the project with the growing environmental and sustainable awareness, promoting the use of the circular economy in the construction sector.

Para la creación de modelos de Machine Learning los científicos de datos programan pipelines que contengan todas las operaciones para crear un modelo, aunque desde un punto de vista de ingeniería del software, la calidad del código de estas pipelines presenta algunos problemas. El objetivo de este proyecto es la creación de una herramienta software que favorezca la creación de pipelines replicables y evolucionables, que impacten en la mejora de la calidad de estas pipelines. Dichas mejoras, se basan en la aplicación de principios de diseño de ingeniería de software., For the creation of Machine Learning models, data scientist program pipelines that contain all the operations to create a model, although from a software engineering point of view, the quality of the code of these pipelines presents some problems. The objective of this project is the creation of a software tool that favors the creation of replicable and evolvable pipelines, which have an impact on the improvement of the quality of these pipelines. These improvements are based on the application of software engineering design principles.

Aquest projecte es presenta com a Treball Final de Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica de la Facultat d'Informàtica de Barcelona (UPC). Es pretén posar en pràctica els coneixements adquirits durant l'especialitat d'Enginyeria del Software. El projecte consisteix en l'Anàlisi, disseny i implementació d'una aplicació web per a la gestió automatitzada de projectes de Software que utilitzen metodologies i principis àgils (com ara Sprints, històries d'usuari, tasques...). L'objectiu de l'aplicació serà la disposició de funcionalitats que facilitin la gestió i comprensió de projectes àgils de desenvolupament de programari; així com la integració i col·laboració amb altres aplicacions relacionades com GitHub i GitLab. També comptarà amb un sistema recomanador el qual ajudarà a completar/suggerir informació en el context d'activitats repetides com, per exemple, la definició de criteris d'acceptació., This project is presented as the Final Project for the Degree in Informatics Engineering at the Faculty of Informatics of Barcelona (UPC). The aim of this project is to consolidate the knowledge acquired during the Software Engineering specialization. The project involves analysing, designing, and implementing a web application for the automated management of software projects that use agile methodologies and principles, such as sprints, user stories, and tasks. The objective of the application is to provide functionalities that facilitate the management and understanding of agile software development projects, as well as integration and collaboration with related applications such as GitHub and GitLab. The application will also include a recommender system to suggest information in the context of repeated activities, such as defining acceptance criteria.

Actualment, els restaurants petits i mitjans tenen dificultats per a fer una bona gestió de les seves reserves, afectant negativament als seus beneficis. La principal causa és la gestió manual, ja que aquesta limita el rang de disponibilitat en el moment de fer reserves. Amb l'objectiu d'ajudar a aquest sector, sorgeix aquest treball de fi de grau. Es pretén desenvolupar un sistema que permeti als restaurants gestionar les reserves, estudiar el funcionament i comunicar-se amb els seus clients. A més, permet als clients fer les seves pròpies reserves sense necessitat de trucar ni assistir i, un cop realitzada l'estança, valorar-la perquè el restaurant conegui les necessitats dels seus clients. El projecte contempla el disseny i implementació de dues aplicacions Android: una per al restaurant i l'altra per als clients, i un servidor que gestiona totes les dades del sistema. El conjunt d'aquestes dues parts genera un sistema ideal per al seu ús en el sector de l'hostaleria., Currently, small and medium-sized restaurants have difficulties in managing their reservations, which negatively affects their profits. This is mainly caused by manual management, as this limits the range of availability at the time of booking. With the aim of helping this sector, this final degree thesis has been created. The aim is to develop a system that allows restaurants to manage their reservations, to study how their restaurant is running and to communicate with their customers. In addition, it will let customers make their reservations without having to call or go, and once the stay is over, to give feedback of it so that the restaurant can know better of its customers needs. The project involves the design and implementation of two Android applications: one for the restaurant and another for the customer, and a server that manages all the system's data. The combination of these two parts generates an ideal system for use in the hospitality sector.

Information Technology (IT) plays a key role in the world we live in. As such, its relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations to improve lives and health of the people and the planet is inexorable. In particular, the SDG 5 aims to enforce gender equality and states 9 Targets that drive the actions to achieve such goals. The lack of women within IT has been a concern for several years. In this context, the objective of this study is to get an overview of the state of the art on gender equality in IT processes. To do so, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study to investigate the addressed targets, challenges, and potential best practices that have been put forward so far. The results we have obtained demonstrate the novelty of this field, as well as a set of opportunities and challenges that currently exist in this regard, such as the lack of best practices to address gender equality in IT processes and the need to develop proposals that solve this problem. All of this can be used as a starting point to identify open issues that help to promote research on this field and promote and enhance best practices towards a more socially sustainable basis for gender equality in and by IT., This work is result of a postdoc from the ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan” Fellowship Program conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). This research is also part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Aquest treball comporta la finalització dels estudis del grau en enginyeria informàtica realitzat a la Facultat d'Informàtica de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. L'objectiu és aplicar gran part dels coneixements adquirits durant la carrera i posar en pràctica les habilitats corresponents. El projecte està dut a terme a l'empresa ITeC i aquest neix amb la idea de fer millores a l'aplicació web de Manteniment i nodrir les necessitats de l'usuari d'una manera eficient. Aquesta aplicació facilita la gestió del manteniment d'edificis per a professionals. Actualment, ja existeixen diverses eines d'aquest tipus en el mercat, però es volen oferir funcionalitats concretes i destacables com ara la generació de documents en regla o creació de calendaris d'operacions., This work involves the completion of computer science studies carried out at the Facultat d'Informàtica de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. The objective is to apply part of the knowledge acquired during the degree and put the corresponding skills into practice. The project is carried out at the company ITeC and it arises from the idea of making improvements in the Manteniment web application and satisfying the user's needs in an efficient way. This application makes the management of building maintenance easier for professionals. Currently, there are already various tools of this kind on the market, but specific and outstanding functionalities are wanted to be offered such as the generation of documents in compliance or the creation of operation calendars.

(English) In line with the current trend of exploiting corporative data, software companies, especially those using Agile and Rapid software development, are challenged to improve the quality of their products, their profitability and efficiency by exploiting the large amount of data related to their software processes and products from the use of their corporate tools (e.g., continuous inspection tools, continuous integration tools, project management tools, and issue trackers). Although such data exploitation has shown to be beneficial for supporting decision-making processes, the evidence shows that existing support is mostly related to operational decisions, letting aside the support for strategic decision making. Operational decisions are simple routine decisions linked to the effective and efficient execution of the daily operations within the company (e.g., test specification and implementation, bug tracking, version control, etc...). Strategic decisions refer to complex, non-routine decisions related to business goals and objectives. The main problems that endanger the task of supporting strategic decision making through data exploitation are: a) the lack of approaches that help software companies to specify their own software strategic indicators (SSI). SSIs refer to measurable aspects (e.g., software quality, on-time delivery) that a software company considers important for their strategic decision-making processes, b) the inherent complexity of estimating SSIs, and c) the need of supporting the operationalization of the specification and estimation of SSIs by enabling their monitoring. This PhD thesis aims to overcome these problems by: - Devising a novel method called SESSI (Specification and Estimation of Software Strategic Indicators) that provides support for operationalizing the specification, estimation, and monitoring of SSIs in software companies. The method was conceived under design science and action-research principles in the context of the in, (Català) En línia amb la tendència actual d'explotació de dades corporatives, les empreses software, especialment les que utilitzen el desenvolupament software àgil i ràpid, tenen el repte d’aconseguir millores sobre la qualitat dels seus productes, així com la seva rendibilitat i eficiència mitjançant l'explotació de la gran quantitat de dades relacionades amb els seus processos i productes software provinents de les seves eines corporatives (per exemple, eines d'inspecció contínua, eines d'integració contínua, eines de gestió de projectes i eines de gestió d’errors). Tot i que aquesta explotació de dades ha demostrat ser beneficiosa per donar suport als processos de presa de decisions, l'evidència mostra que el suport existent està principalment relacionat amb les decisions operatives, deixant de banda el suport per a la presa de decisions estratègiques. Les decisions operatives són simples decisions rutinàries vinculades a l'execució eficaç i eficient de les operacions diàries dins de l'empresa (per exemple, especificació i implementació de proves, seguiment d'errors, control de versions, etc.). Les decisions estratègiques es refereixen a decisions complexes i no rutinàries relacionades amb les metes i objectius empresarials. Els principals problemes que dificulten la tasca de suport a la presa de decisions estratègiques mitjançant l’explotació de dades són: a) la manca de propostes que donin suport a les empreses software a especificar els seus propis indicadors estratègics software (SSI). Els SSI fan referència a aspectes mesurables (per exemple, qualitat del software, lliurament puntual) que una empresa software considera importants per als seus processos de presa de decisions estratègiques, b) la complexitat inherent de l’estimació dels SSI, i c) la necessitat de donar suport a la operacionalització de l’especificació i l’estimació dels SSIs per tal d'habilitar el seu monitoratge. Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén superar aquests problemes mitjançant: - El disseny, Postprint (published version)

Aquest projecte es lliura com a Treball Final del Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica de la Facultat Informàtica de Barcelona. Es pretén posar en pràctica els coneixements adquirits durant l'especialitat d'Enginyeria del Software. El projecte consisteix en la implementació i disseny d'una aplicació web dirigida a tots aquells pares i mares que volen organitzar una gimcana personalitzada per als seus fills. L'aplicació incorporarà dos sistemes recomanadors: un basat en un sistema expert i un altre basat en un sistema de filtres. Aquests sistemes permetran oferir gimcanes que s'ajustin de manera òptima a les preferències introduïdes pels usuaris., This project is submitted as the Final Degree Project in Computer Engineering at the Faculty of Informatics in Barcelona. Its purpose is to put into practice the knowledge acquired during the specialization in Software Engineering. The project consists of the implementation and design of a web application aimed at all those parents who want to organize a personalized gymkhana for their children. The application will incorporate two recommendation systems: one based on an expert system, and another based on a filtering system. These systems will allow us to offer gymkhanas that best fit the preferences entered by users.

The significant momentum and importance of Mining Software Repositories (MSR) in Software Engineering (SE) has fostered new opportunities and challenges for extensive empirical research. However, MSR researchers seem to struggle to characterize the empirical methods they use into the existing empirical SE body of knowledge. This is especially the case of MSR experiments. To provide evidence on the special characteristics of MSR experiments and their differences with experiments traditionally acknowledged in SE so far, we elicited the hallmarks that differentiate an experiment from other types of empirical studies and characterized the hallmarks and types of experiments in MSR. We analyzed MSR literature obtained from a small-scale systematic mapping study to assess the use of the term experiment in MSR. We found that 19% of the papers claiming to be an experiment are indeed not an experiment at all but also observational studies, so they use the term in a misleading way. From the remaining 81% of the papers, only one of them refers to a genuine controlled experiment while the others stand for experiments with limited control. MSR researchers tend to overlook such limitations, compromising the interpretation of the results of their studies. We provide recommendations and insights to support the improvement of MSR experiments., This work has been partially supported by the Spanish project: MCI PID2020-117191RB-I00., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

To remain competitive, organizations are challenged to make informed design decisions in order to construct software systems with similar architectural needs. They use reference architectures to achieve interoperability of (parts of) their software, standardization of software systems among multiple actors, and faster development with templates and guidelines for designing. In this chapter, we give an overview of domain-independent reference architectures and standards available in the gray literature for practitioners, classified by technology (cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence) and analyzed based on their characteristics (e.g., purpose and contents). The discussed reference architectures are either published by standardization organizations such as ISO/IEC and NIST or fostered by large companies such as Microsoft and IBM., This work has been partially funded by the “Beatriz Galindo” Spanish Program BEAGAL18/00064 and by the DOGO4ML Spanish research project (ref. PID2020-117191RB-I00)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Architecting AI-based systems entails making some decisions that are particular to this type of systems. Therefore, it becomes necessary to gather all necessary knowledge to inform such decisions, and to articulate this knowledge in a form that facilitates knowledge transfer among different AI projects. In this exploratory paper, we first present the main results of a literature survey in the area, and then we propose a preliminary ontology for architectural decision making, which we exemplify using a subset of the papers selected in the literature review. In the discussion, we remark on the variety of decision types and system contexts, highlighting the need to further investigate the current state of research and practice in this area. Besides, we summarize our plans to move along this research area by widening the literature review and incorporating more AI-related concepts to this first version of the ontology., This paper has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under project / funding scheme PID2020-117191RB-I00 / AEI/10.13039/501100011033., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Machine Learning based Software Systems (MLSS) are becoming increasingly pervasive in today’s society and can be found in virtually every domain. Building MLSS is challenging due to their interdisciplinary nature. MLSS engineering encompasses multiple disciplines, of which Data Engineering and Software Engineering appear as most relevant. The DOGO4ML project aims at reconciling these two disciplines for providing a holistic end-to-end framework to develop, operate and govern MLSS and their data. It proposes to combine and intertwine two software cycles: the DataOps and the DevOps lifecycles. The DataOps lifecycle manages the complexity of dealing with the big data needed by ML models, while the DevOps lifecycle is in charge of building the system that embeds these models. In this paper, we present the main vision and goals of the project as well as its expected contributions and outcomes. Although the project is in its initial stage, the progress of the research undertaken so far is detailed., This paper has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under project / funding scheme PID2020-117191RB-I00 / AEI/10.13039/501100011033., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Context: Exploiting software development related data from software-development intensive organizations to support tactical and strategic decision making is a challenge. Combining data-driven approaches with expert knowledge has been highlighted as a sensible approach for leading software-development intensive organizations to rightful decision-making improvements. However, most of the existing proposals lack of important aspects that hinders their industrial uptake such as: customization guidelines to fit the proposals to other contexts and/or automatic or semi-automatic data collection support for putting them forward in a real organization. As a result, existing proposals are rarely used in the industrial context. Objective: Support software-development intensive organizations with guidance and tools for exploiting software development related data and expert knowledge to improve their decision making. Method: We have developed a novel method called SESSI (Specification and Estimation of Software Strategic Indicators) that was articulated from industrial experiences with Nokia, Bittium, Softeam and iTTi in the context of Q-Rapids European project following a design science approach. As part of the industrial summative evaluation, we performed the first case study focused on the application of the method. Results: We detail the phases and steps of the SESSI method and illustrate its application in the development of ModelioNG, a software product of Modeliosoft development firm. Conclusion: The application of the SESSI method in the context of ModelioNG case study has provided us with useful feedback to improve the method and has evidenced that applying the method was feasible in this context., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project GENESIS, grant agreement TIN2016-79269- R), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Q-Rapids project, grant agreement N◦732253)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Software reference architectures have played an essential role in software systems development due to the possibility of knowledge reuse. Although increasingly adopted by industry, these architectures are not yet completely understood. This work presents a panorama on existing software reference architectures, characterizing them according to their context, goals, perspectives, application domains, design approaches, and maturity, as well as the industry involvement for their construction. For this, we planned and conducted a systematic mapping study. During last decade, the number of reference architectures in very diverse application domains has increased, resulting from efforts of industry, academia, and through their collaborations. Academic reference architectures are oriented to facilitate the reuse of architectural and domain knowledge. The industry has focused on architectures for standardization with certain maturity level. However, the great amount of architectures studied in this work have been designed without following a systematic process, and they lack the maturity to be used in real software projects. Further investigations can be oriented to gathering empirical evidences, from different sources than academic data libraries, that allow to understand how references architectures have been constructed, utilized, and maintained during the whole software life-cycle., The work herein presented has been supported by the Brazilian funding agencies FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) Grants No. 2018/07437-9 and 2017/06195-9 and the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) Grants No. 312634/ 2018-8 and 141602/2017-1, the GENESIS project under the National Spanish Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society (RETOS 2016, contract TIN2016-79269-R), and the "Beatriz Galindo" Spanish Program BEAGAL18/00064., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Aquest projecte consisteix en fer una aplicació integrada en un ERP de Dynamics d'un client concret dedicat a la distribució a l'engròs de fruita i verdura anomenat Cultivar. Ha consistit en desenvolupar una eina per a adquirir fàcilment la informació completa de les transaccions de mercaderies des del seu origen (sector primari o secundari d'adquisició, ja sigui fabricant, productor, agricultor o similar) fins al seu destinatari final (Consumidor o distribuïdor). Per a recollir adequadament la informació d'origen, es va haver de desenvolupar una interfase d'entrada àgil d'informació per tal de facilitar la tasca de recepció i entrada d'informació relativa a la mercaderia adquirida en els magatzems de la empresa distribuïdora. Es va haver d'assegurar en tot moment que el moviment de la mercaderia dins d'aquesta empresa (traspàs a diferents magatzems, re-ubicacións, etc...) respectés sempre la identificació de l'origen. A la sortida de la mercaderia i entrega final al client, va caldre informar de la identificació d'origen per tal de garantir la traçabilitat complerta d'origen a destí., This project consists in making an application integrated into a Dynamics ERP of a specific customer dedicated to the wholesale distribution of fruit and vegetables named Cultivar. It has consisted of developing a tool to easily acquire complete information on goods transactions from their origin (primary or secondary sector of acquisition, whether manufacturer, producer, farmer or similar) to its final recipient (Consumer or distributor ). In order to properly collect the source information, an agile information entry interface had to be developed in order to facilitate the task of receiving and entering information relating to the goods purchased in the warehouses of the distribution company. It had to be ensured at all times that the movement of the goods within this company (transfer to different warehouses, relocations, etc ...) always respected the identification of the origin. Upon departure of the goods and final delivery to the customer, it was necessary to report the identification of origin in order to ensure complete traceability from origin to destination.

El treball consisteix en l'anàlisi, disseny i implementació d'un prototip d'aplicació mòbil que permeti als clients de petits negocis poder demanar cita prèvia en aquests a través d'internet. El sistema realitzat està basat en una arquitectura en capes i utilitza tant tecnologies tractades en el grau com les tecnologies més utilitzades en la indústria mòbil. L'objectiu d'aquesta memòria és el de documentar tot el procés de realització del treball., The work consists of the analysis, design and implementation of a mobile application prototype that allows clients in small businesses to request online appointments. The system is based on a layered architecture and uses technologies learned in the bachelor degree and the most used in the mobile industry. The aim of this report is to document the whole process of carrying out the work.

Aquest projecte es basa en el desenvolupament d'un prototip per una futura aplicació anomenada Mixties. Mixties pretén ser un marketplace1 de roba amb un estilista virtual integrat el qual, segons les característiques i preferències de l'usuari, aquest li suggereix outfits2 personalitzats. Lluny d'aquest objectiu, el propòsit d'aquest prototip és crear un formulari interactiu a través del qual puguem obtenir informació rellevant sobre els usuaris que possiblement estiguin interessats en la nostra aplicació. Això ens permetrà validar el mercat i poc a poc anar definint el nostre model de negoci. Concretament, el sistema que es desenvolupa es pot dividir en dues parts. Per un costat, tenim una aplicació pels administradors, en aquest cas som nosaltres com a membres de Mixties. Mitjançant aquesta aplicació podem entrar roba i crear outfits en el sistema, així com analitzar les dades rebudes del formulari interactiu. Per altra banda, tenim el formulari interactiu, pel que mostrem a l'usuari cinc outfits dels que haguem creat nosaltres prèviament per a que ell o ella els valori. Amb les seves valoracions i un conjunt de preguntes afegides que se li fan, podem definir el seu perfil per tal d'analitzar-lo posteriorment., This project is based on the development of a prototype for a future application called Mixties. Mixtes intends to be a clothing marketplace with an integrated virtual stylist which, according to the user's characteristics and their preferences, it suggests custom outfits. Far from this goal, the purpose of this prototype is to create an interactive form by which we can obtain relevant information about users who may be interested in our application. This will allow us to validate the market and gradually define our business model. Specifically, the implemented system can be divided into two parts. On the one hand, we have an application for the administrators, in this case, ourselves as Mixties members. Using this application, we can insert clothes and create outfits in the system, as well as analyze the data received from the interactive form. On the other hand, we have the interactive form, where we show the user five outfits that we have previously created so that they can rate them. With their respective rates and a set of additional questions that we ask them, we can define their profile to analyze it later.

Software repositories such as source control, defect tracking systems and project management tools, are used to support the progress of software projects. The exploitation of such data with techniques like forecasting is becoming an increasing need in several domains to support decision-making processes. However, although there exist several statistical tools and languages supporting forecasting, there is a lack of friendly approaches that enable practitioners to exploit the advantages of creating and using such models in their dashboard tools. Therefore, we have developed a modular and flexible forecasting service allowing the interconnection with different kinds of databases/data repositories for creating and exploiting forecasting models based on methods like ARIMA or ETS. The service is open source software, has been developed in Java and R and exposes its functionalities through a REST API. Architecture details are provided, along with functionalities’ description and an example of its use for software quality forecasting., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Rapid software development (RSD) is an approach for developing software in rapid iterations. One of the critical success factors of an RSD project is to deliver the product releases on time and with the planned features. In this paper, we elaborate an exploratory definition of the On-Time Delivery strategic indicator in RSD based on the literature and interviews with four companies. This indicator supports decision-makers to detect development problems in order to avoid delays and to estimate the additional time needed when requirements, and specifically quality requirements, are considered., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Background: During Rapid Software Development, a large amount of project and development data can be collected from different and heterogeneous data sources. Aims: Design a methodology to process these data and turn it into relevant strategic indicators to help companies make meaningful decisions. Method: We adapt an existing methodology to create and estimate strategic indicators using Bayesian Networks in the context of Rapid Software Development, and applied it to a use case. Results: Applying the methodology in the use case, we create a model to predict product quality based on software factors and metrics, using companies’ business knowledge and collected data. Conclusions: We proved the methodology’s feasibility and obtained positive feedback from the company’s use case., Postprint (author's final draft)

Developing systems by integrating Open Source Software (OSS) is increasingly gaining importance in the software industry. Although the literature claims that this approach highly impacts Requirements Engineering (RE) practices, there is a lack of empirical evidence to demonstrate this statement. To explore and understand problems and challenges of current system requirement–OSS component matching and mismatches resolution practices in software development projects that integrate one or more OSS components into their software products. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 respondents that have performed RE activities in software development projects that integrate OSS components in 25 different software development companies in Spain, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The study uncovers 15 observations regarding system requirements-OSS components matching and mismatch resolution practices used in industrial projects that integrate OSS components. The assessed projects focused mainly on pre-release stages of software applications that integrate OSS components in an opportunistic way. The results also provide details of a set of previously unexplored scenarios when solving system requirement–OSS component mismatches; and clarify some challenges and related problems. For instance, although licensing issues and the potential changes in OSS components by their corresponding communities and/or changes in system requirements have been greatly discussed in the RE literature as problems for OSS component integration, they did not appear to be relevant in our assessed projects. Instead, practitioners highlighted the problem of getting suitable OSS component documentation/information., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The inherent complexity of business goal-models is a challenge for organizations that has to analyze and maintaining them. Several approaches are developed to reduce the complexity into manageable limits, either by providing support to the modularization or designing metrics to monitor the complexity levels. These approaches are designed to identify an unusual complexity comparing it among models. In the present work, we expose two approaches based on structural characteristics of goal-model, which do not require these comparisons. The first one ranksthe importance of goalsto identify a manageable set of them that can be considered as a priority; the second one modularizes the model to reduce the effort to understand, analyze and maintain the model., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Requirements identification, specification and management are key activities in the software development process. In the last years, many approaches to these activities have emerged, based on the exploitation of huge amounts of data gathered from software repositories and system usage. The Q-Rapids project proposes the collection and analysis of such data and its consolidation into a set of strategic indicators as product quality, time to market and team productivity. These indicators are visualized through a dashboard designed to support decision-makers. In this paper, we present the ongoing research undertaken in this project. We use the concept of blocking situation to exemplify the Q-Rapids approach., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Strategic decision making is the process of selecting a logical and informed choice from the alternative options based on key strategic indicators determining the success of a specific organization strategy. To support this process and provide a common underlying language, in this work, we present an empirically-grounded ontology to support different strategic decision-making processes and extend the ontology to cover the context of managing quality in Rapid Software Development projects. We illustrate the complete ontology with an example., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The market of data-intensive Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) has recently experienced an exponential growth, but the creation and evolution of such APIs is still done ad-hoc, with little automated support and reported deficiencies. These drawbacks hinder the productivity of developers of those APIs and the services built on top of them. In this exploratory paper, we promote a data-driven approach to improve the automatization of data-intensive API creation and evolution. In a release cycle, data coming from API usage and developers will be gathered to compute several indicators whose analysis will guide the planning of the next release. This data will also help to generate complete documentation facilitating APIs adoption by third parties., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Este proyecto nace de la concienciación sobre las dificultades que las personas con discapacidad visual tienen que afrontar día a día para poder moverse por los espacios públicos. Con su desarrollo, se pretende potenciar la autonomía de las personas con discapacidad visual y permitir que puedan ser más independientes e ir más seguros en su vida cotidiana. Para ello, se ha diseñado un sistema dividido en dos partes: Por un lado, una aplicación, o App, para móviles llamada Near, que es la encargada de interactuar con el entorno del usuario y buscar dispositivos Beacon cercanos, los cuales le permiten a la App Near localizar al usuario en interiores y proporcionarle la información sobre sus alrededores. Por otro lado, una base de datos online que almacena y permite descargar desde la App Near la información sobre lugares y ubicaciones, a la vez que también permite a compañías o estamentos añadir nueva información de lugares y ubicaciones mediante una interfaz. Aunque hoy en día ya existen aplicaciones que pueden ayudar al usuario a orientarse por la calle, o en algunos interiores, y proporcionarle información, normalmente se focalizan en un solo lugar o ciudad, requiriendo al usuario la descarga y aprendizaje de uso de varias aplicaciones. Con este proyecto se quiere potenciar que, desde una única App, se pueda proporcionar información de diversos lugares simultáneamente., This project is conceived due to the awareness about visually impaired people’s difficulties to move around public spaces. This project development aims to improve visually impaired people’s autonomy and therefore allow them to be more self-sufficient and provide security in their everyday life. To do so, a system with two main parts has been designed: The first part is a mobile App, called Near, that will be the responsible to interact with the user’s surroundings and look for near Beacon devices, which allow the App to locate the user in indoor spaces and therefore provide him with information about what is around him. The second main part is an online database that stores and allows the users, by using the App Near, to download information about places, while allows companies and organizations to add new information about places. Even though there are already existing Apps that guide the users on the streets, or in some indoor locations, and provide him some information, usually they are only focused in one place or city, requiring the user to download and learn how to use several Apps. With this project, I want to focus on the advantages of using a single platform to provide information about several places simultaneously.

L’empresa on es desenvolupa aquest projecte va veure una oportunitat de negoci en el sector industrial, a partir de la qual va sorgir la solució aquí presentada. En aquesta solució s’ofereix un servei de videotrucades enfocat a les necessitats empresarials. Tot i que ja existeixen en el mercat aplicacions de videotrucades, aquestes no s’adapten a les necessitats dels nostres clients. No els ofereixen les garanties de ser propietaris de les dades generades ni fan ús de les noves tecnologies que els podrien aportar un gran valor. En el nostre cas, tant receptor com l’emissor poden indicar un punt en la pantalla que es reflecteix a la pantalla de l’altre. Posteriorment, també permet accedir a la informació i vídeos de les trucades realitzades com a històrics del procés desenvolupat o documentació. En aquest projecte concretament, es desenvolupa una aplicació API per a emmagatzemar les dades necessàries i gestionar la lògica de negoci que els clients de les diferents plataformes consumiran en aquesta solució., La empresa donde se desarrolla este proyecto vio una oportunidad de negocio en el sector industrial, a partir de la cual surgió la solución aquí desarrollada. En esta solución, se ofrece un servicio de videollamadas enfocado a las necesidades empresariales. Aunque ya existen en el mercado aplicaciones de videollamadas, éstas no se adaptan a las necesidades de nuestros clientes. No les ofrecen las garantías de ser propietarios de los datos generados ni hacen uso de las nuevas tecnologías que les podrían aportar un gran valor. En nuestro caso, tanto emisor como receptor pueden indicar un punto en la pantalla que se refleja en la pantalla del otro. Posteriormente, también permite acceder a la información y vídeos de las llamadas realizadas como históricos del proceso seguido o como documentación. En este proyecto concretamente, se desarrolla una aplicación API para guardar los datos necesarios y gestionar la lógica de negocio que los clientes de las diferentes plataformas consumirán en ésta solución., The company where the project is being developed came across a business opportunity in the industry, which turned up into the solution showed in this document. In this solution we offer a specific videocall and chat service for the industry needs. Even if there are a lot of videocall services in the market, they do not adjust our customers’ needs. They do not grant them the data and videos property rights and they do not use the new technology which will bring value to our customers. In our videocalls, receiver and receptor can set a point in the screen so the other one will see it. Afterwards, it is possible to access the information and videos shared to save them as documentation. This document in particular is the development report of the API needed in this solution. It saves the related data and manages the business logic and it will be consumed by client platforms like mobiles or webs.

Context: Software Reference Architectures (SRAs) play a fundamental role for organizations whose business greatly depends on the efficient development and maintenance of complex software applications. However, little is known about the real value and risks associated with SRAs in industrial practice. Objective: To investigate the current industrial practice of SRAs in a single company from the perspective of different stakeholders. Method An exploratory case study that investigates the benefits and drawbacks perceived by relevant stakeholders in nine SRAs designed by a multinational software consulting company. Results: The study shows the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the benefits and drawbacks of SRAs (e.g., both SRA designers and users agree that they benefit from reduced development costs; on the contrary, only application builders strongly highlighted the extra learning curve as a drawback associated with mastering SRAs). Furthermore, some of the SRA benefits and drawbacks commonly highlighted in the literature were remarkably not mentioned as a benefit of SRAs (e.g., the use of best practices). Likewise, other aspects arose that are not usually discussed in the literature, such as higher time-to-market for applications when their dependencies on the SRA are managed inappropriately. Conclusions: This study aims to help practitioners and researchers to better understand real SRAs projects and the contexts where these benefits and drawbacks appeared, as well as some SRA improvement strategies. This would contribute to strengthening the evidence regarding SRAs and support practitioners in making better informed decisions about the expected SRA benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, we make available the instruments used in this study and the anonymized data gathered to motivate others to provide similar evidence to help mature SRA research and practice., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Actualmente, las empresas se encuentran con el problema de que sus trabajadores se comunican entre ellos utilizando aplicaciones externas. Esto no solo provoca un riesgo en la seguridad, si no, que en muchas ocasiones dificulta el trabajo. Actualmente no encuentran con un sistema que satisfaga todas sus necesidades, por lo cual buscan una solución. Con el objetivo de cubrir ese problema, surge este trabajo final de grado, el cual pretende desarrollar un sistema de comunicación profesional, seguro y que simplifique la realización de videollamadas entre usuarios dentro de la organización. Siendo una de sus características poder realizar videollamadas con la posibilidad de recibir ayuda de un experto incorporando elementos de telepresencia. El proyecto contempla el diseño, implementación y publicación de un servidor de comunicación en tiempo real desarrollado en Node.JS. Conocido como un servidor RTA (siglas de Real Time Availability), permite el envío de eventos entre los clientes utilizando Websockets a la vez que ofrece una comunicación estándar mediante API. Junto al servidor RTA también se ha desarrollo un cliente nativo para iOS que permite la gestión de los usuarios y realizar videollamadas a cualquier dispositivo registrado en la organización. Una de sus principales características es poder durante las videollamadas marcar puntos en el vídeo y enviar texto e imágenes en tiempo real., Actualment, les empreses es troben amb el problema de que el seus treballadors es comuniquen mitjançant aplicacions externes. Això, provoca un risc en la seguretat i en moltes ocasions dificulta la feina a realitzar i busquen una solució. Amb l’objectiu de solucionar aquest problema ha sorgit aquest Treball final de grau el qual pretén desenvolupar un sistema de comunicació professional, segur i que simplifiqui la realització de videotrucades entre usuaris dins d’una organització. Caracteritzant-se per poder realitzar videotrucades amb la possibilitat de rebre ajuda d’un expert tot incorporant elements de telepresencia. El projecte contempla el disseny, implementació i publicació d'un servidor de comunicació en temps real desenvolupat en Node.JS. Conegut com un servidor RTA (sigles de Real Time Availability), permet l'enviament d'esdeveniments entre els clients utilitzant Websockets alhora que ofereix una comunicació estàndard mitjançant API. Juntament amb el servidor RTA també s'ha desenvolupat un client natiu per iOS que permet la gestió dels usuaris i realitzar videotrucades a qualsevol dispositiu registrat en l'organització. Una de les seves principals característiques és poder indicar durant la trucada punts al vídeo i enviar text i imatges en temps real., Today, the companies are faced with the problem that their employees communicate using external applications. This not only causes a security risk, but also makes the job harder. Furthermore, companies do not find a system that meets all their needs, so they are still looking for a proper solution. In order to solve this problem, this bachelor’s degree final project aims to develop a professional, secure communication system focused on making videocalls between users at the same organization easier, with extra features like being able to receive help from an expert using telepresence elements. This project involves the design, implementation and publication of a real-time communication server written in Node.js. These servers are known as an RTA (Real Time Availability) servers, which allow event sending between clients using Websockets while providing standard communication via API. Moreover, a native iOS client, which allows the management of users and videocalls to any device registered in the organization, has also been developed. One of its main features is to mark points in the video, send text messages and images in real time while performing a videocall.

Aquest treball de final de grau s’inicia amb la idea de millorar el món dels viatges, en concret, es treballa per millorar i innovar en el suport que pot necessitar l’usuari durant el transcurs d’un viatge. Durant un viatge sorgeixen necessitats i, com a conseqüència que gairebé la totalitat de la població disposa d’un smartphone, han aparegut al mercat moltes aplicacions que solucionen problemes molt concrets al viatger com per exemple el control de despeses. Tot i així, no existeix una aplicació que s’identifiqui com a suport total al viatger. L’objectiu principal de Wildtraveling és oferir suport al viatger durant el transcurs del seu viatge a través d’una aplicació mòbil. En termes més tècnics el projecte pretén utilitzar algunes de les aplicacions ja existents que afronten problemes específics i oferir-les a l’usuari des d’un únic punt d’accés. A més, el sistema pretén ser fàcilment escalable a l’hora d’afegir, modificar o eliminar funcionalitats i vol mostrar la informació filtrada tenint en compte l’estil de viatjar personal de cada usuari., Este trabajo de fin de grado se inicia con la idea de mejorar el mundo de los viajes, en concreto, se trabaja para mejorar e innovar en el soporte que puede necesitar el usuario durante el transcurso de un viaje. Cuando estas de viaje surgen necesidades y, como consecuencia de que casi la totalidad de la población dispone de un smartphone, han aparecido en el mercado muchas aplicaciones que solucionan problemas muy concretos al viajero como, por ejemplo, el control de gastos. Aún así, no existe una aplicación que se ofrezca un soporte total al viajero. El objetivo principal de Wildtraveling es ofrecer soporte al viajero durante el transcurso de su viaje a través de una aplicación móvil. En términos más técnicos el proyecto pretende utilizar algunas de las aplicaciones ya existentes que afrontan problemas específicos y ofrecerlas al usuario des de un único punto de acceso. Además, el sistema pretende ser fácilmente escalable en términos de añadir, modificar o eliminar funcionalidades y quiere mostrar la información filtrada teniendo en cuenta el estilo de viajar personal de cada usuario., This final degree project starts with the idea to improve the world of travel, in particular, it works to improve and innovate any kind of support the traveler could need while is traveling around the world. During a trip needs arise and, as a consequence of almost everyone has an smartphone, many mobile applications which solve very concrete problems to the traveler has appeared, for example, expense control. However, there is not any application identified as a total support for the traveler. The main goal of Wildtraveling is to offer support to the travel during his trips through a mobile application. In more technical terms, the project pretends to use some existing applications which solve concrete problems offering them to the user in only one access point. In addition, the system wants to be easily scalable in terms of adding, modifying or delete functionalities and it wants to filter the information shown to the user taking into account his traveling style.