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The research deals with the topic of contrast between design thought and applied reality in advertising spaces. Coverage is one of the methods used by the designer for the purpose of showing the shape in an aesthetic way. With the intention of highlighting the aesthetic aspect in it and focusing on it without other forms, this concept may be associated with many and countless aspects in advertising design and as a basis for design thinking and then projecting it onto the reality of the applied side, while invisibility has a great deal of interest in several areas, because of this intellectual system And the applied study has an impact on its study and knowledge of its approaches and methods at the level of statement, disclosure and rhetoric in the presentation and inclusion of ideas and visions by evoking their data and synthesizing them according to rules and principles that embodied creativity in empowerment and expression, which led to the creation of formations capable of expressing hidden contents, as this dialectic revealed dimensions in Language, philosophy and sociology, after showing new dimensions in thought. The research contained four chapters, the first chapter included the methodological framework for the research, and the second chapter came with the theoretical framework, which includes two sections, the concept of concealment philosophically, the concept of invisibility in design, while the third chapter includes research procedures, research methodology, research community, research sample, business analysis, and finally the fourth chapter results Research, conclusions, recommendations, proposals, and Arabic and foreign sources based on the current research, in addition to an Arabic summary and an English summary

The wheat is strongly attaked by Septoria leaf blotch disease caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph = Septoria tritici) in Algeria. This pathogen has been very damaging in recent decades, can reduce yields by more than 60%. However, any of all of the previous studies, never indicates the presence of the teleomorph M. graminicola in Algeria, the main source of variability of the pathogen. Also, in a first approach the phenotypic diversity of this pathogen has focused on a collection of 27 isolates which 23 are from durum wheat and 4 from soft wheat. These 27 isolates are obtained from the central regions (Mitidja, Kabylie) and Eastern Region (Constantine, Annaba). The results show a cultural, morphological and pathological variability of isolates. In the second part, confrontations of isolates are made in pairs and allowed for two couples to getting pseudothecia that indicating the existence of two compatible mating types in Algeria required for the formation of the teleomorph. These results imply the possibility of sexual reproduction in cultures, something that has never been observed to date in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystalline properties of nanocomposites poly butyleneterephthalate, [PBT] /multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PBT/(MWCNTs) nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonicated of MWCNTs (0.5, 1, 2, 4 wt %) in dichloromethane (DCM) and after that the powdered PBT polymer was added to the MWCNTs solution. The non-isothermal crystallization results show that increasing the MWCNTs contents, decreased the melting temperature (Tm) of PBT/(MWCNTs) nanocomposite as compared with pure PBT, while resulting in improving the degree of crystallinity. These results indicated that a little amount of MWCNTs can be evident strong nucleating agent in PBT nanocomposites. Avrami kinetics model results given a good agreement with the frequent investigation. The Kissinger method shows the MWCNTs had a well nucleation effect on the crystallization of PBT, and the enhancement activation energy (Ea) with increased the MWCNTs in PBT/ (MWCNTs) nanocomposite.

Spent catalyst from Biji Refining contained valuable metals such as platin. This study focus on platinum extraction in aqua regia solution. Three factors effecting on the process were study including dissolution temperature, normality of aqua regia and agitation speed. The ideal conditions for process give 0.22 gm platinum extraction in dissolution temperature 80 C0, normality for aqua regia was 6 and 120 rpm mixing speed for solution

A novel curing agent (1,4-diaminobenzene) was used to enhance behavior of the epoxy resin system. The effect of the curing agent content (12 to 21 wt%) subjected to the isothermal curing temperatures at 80 °C to 110 °C were performed. Results indicate that the gel time was effected slightly on the viscosity when the curing temperature was higher than 90 °C and curing material consist over from 18wt %. These results explain that reaction rates caused by higher curing temperature.

The heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics for air flow cross over circular finned tube heat exchanger has been studied numerically and experimentally. The purpose of the study was to improve the heat transfer characteristics of an annular finned-tube heat exchanger for better performance. The study has concentrated on the effect of the number of perforations and perforations shapes on the heat transfer and pressure drop across a staggered finned tube heat exchanger. The Numerical part of present study has been performed using ANSYS Fluent 14.5 using SST Turbulent model, while the experimental study consist from a test rig with different models of heat exchangers and all required measurement devices were building up to cover the experimental work for the range of Reynolds number (7500-17500). The experimental results show that average Nusselt number of the six circular perforations fins model is about 11.08 % higher than that for solid fin model and with triangular perforations model is about 10.12 % higher than that for the solid fin. Triangular perforation finned heat exchanger model gives a best result than the other models due to excessive increment in the )Nu( in comparison with other models take in consideration pressure drop. The results were validated with previous work and the comparison between the experimental and numerical shows a good agreement with a maximum deviation ±10% between them.

In the present work, carbon nanotubes were prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, acetylene gas was used as a carbon source. In CVD system, a catalytic growth of CNTs is carried out by decomposition of acetylene (C2H2 ) at a temperature of 750 0C for one hour ,argon is used as an oxidation protection gas. The carbon nanotubes produced are purified to remove impurities such as metal catalyst and then functionalized by treating with HNO3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectra and BET for Surface Area measurement technique were used for characterization of CNTs. CNTs with about 30 nm in diameter and with length of several microns were obtained. The effects of initial concentration of metal (ppm), pH, carbon nanotube (CNT) dosage (mg) and contact time (min) on the adsorption of Cu+2 ion were studied. The results show that the pH of aqueous solution is one of the major parameters that control the adsorption of ion at the solid-water interfaces. Maximum removal percentage of Cu+2 species is achieved at pH 8, CNT dosage of 50 mg/L and initial concentration of 50 mg/L and it is 98.39%. The constants of Langmuir and Freundlich models are obtained from fitting the adsorption equilibrium data. The correlation coefficients of Langmuir and Freundlich models are 0.75 and 1, respectively, indicating that the Freundlich model is more appropriate to describe the adsorption characteristics of Cu+2 onto CNTs.

The adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by cross-linked magnetic chitosan-2-aminopyridine glyoxal Schiff's base resin (CSAP) was studied in a batch adsorption system. Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) removal is pH dependent and the optimum adsorption was observed at pH 5.0. The adsorption was fast with estimated initial rate of 2.7, 2.4 and 1.4 mg/(g min) for Cu(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) respectively. The adsorption data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin model. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model were 124±1, 84±2 and 67±2 mg g(-1) for Cu(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) respectively. The adsorption process could be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the feasibility, spontaneity and exothermic nature of adsorption. The sorbents were successfully regenerated using EDTA and HCl solutions., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Adaptation to host temperature is a prerequisite for any pathogen capable of causing deep infection in humans. Our previous studies demonstrated that a Cryptococcus neoformans ccr4Δ mutant lacking the major deadenylase involved in regulated mRNA decay was defective in host temperature adaptation and therefore virulence. In this study, the ccr4Δ mutant was found to exhibit characteristics of chronic unfolded-protein response (UPR) engagement in both the gene expression profile and phenotype. We demonstrate that host temperature adaptation in C. neoformans is accompanied by transient induction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and that Ccr4-dependent posttranscriptional gene regulation contributes to resolution of ER stress during host temperature adaptation.

Cross-linked magnetic chitosan-isatin Schiff's base resin (CSIS) was prepared for adsorption of metal ions. CSIS obtained was investigated by means of FTIR, (1)H NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), magnetic properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption properties of cross-linked magnetic CSIS resin toward Cu(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) ions were evaluated. Various factors affecting the uptake behavior such as contact time, temperature, pH and initial concentration of the metal ions were investigated. The kinetic parameters were evaluated utilizing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all systems studied, evidencing chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism and not involving a mass transfer in solution. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 103.16, 53.51, and 40.15mg/g for Cu(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) ions, respectively. Cross-linked magnetic CSIS displayed higher adsorption capacity for Cu(2+) in all pH ranges studied. The adsorption capacity of the metal ions decreased with increasing temperature. The metal ion-loaded cross-linked magnetic CSIS were regenerated with an efficiency of greater than 88% using 0.01-0.1M ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) onto natural wool fibers initiated by potassium persulphate and Mohr's salt redox initiator system in limited aqueous medium was carried out in heterogeneous media. Ester groups of the grafted copolymers were partially converted into hydrazide function groups followed by hydrazone formation through reaction with isatin. Also the application of the modified fibers for metal ion uptake was studied using Cu(II), Hg(II) and Ni(II). The modified chelating fibers were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction., (2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A method has been developed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on modified chitosan beads by means of graft copolymerization of polyethylacrylate in presence of potassium persulphate and Mohr's salt redox initiator. The activity of free and immobilized HRP was studied. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize HRP immobilization. The efficiency of the immobilization was investigated by examining the relative enzymatic activity of free enzyme before and after the HRP immobilization. The obtained values were found to reach 98.4%. The results show that the optimum temperature of immobilized HRP was 45 degrees C, which was identical to that of free enzyme, and the immobilized HRP exhibited a higher relative activity than that of free HRP over 45 degrees C. The optimal pH for immobilized HRP was 10, which was higher than that of the free HRP (pH 9.0), and the immobilization resulted in stabilization of enzyme over a broader pH range. The apparent kinetic constant value (K(m)) of immobilized HRP was 3.784 mmol ml(-1), which was higher than that of free HRP. On the other hand, the activity of immobilized HRP decreased slowly against time when compared to that of the free HRP, and could retain 65.8% residual activity after 6 consecutive cycles., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)