Search

Background Mechanical ventilation may be particularly challenging in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with those of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on peripheral tissue oxygenation (PTO), respiratory function, hemodynamic status, and ventilation-related complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods A total of 100 patients with obesity who underwent gastric plication or sleeve gastrectomy were recruited for the study, and 60 patients (n=32, in group PCV; n=28, in group VCV) were ultimately enrolled. Data on peri-operative PTO (arterial blood gas [ABG] analysis and tissue oxygen saturation [StO2]) and respiratory functions were recorded for each patient, along with post-operative hemodynamic status, fluid intake, urinary output, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score , and complications. Results The two groups were similar in pH, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation, and lactate values at baseline, intra-operative and post-operative periods. The peri-operative StO2 values were also similar between the two groups at all times. The two groups were identical in terms of preoperative values for respiratory function tests and post-operative hemodynamic status, fluid intake, urinary output, pain scores, and complication rates. Conclusions In conclusion, the choice of the mechanical ventilation mode did not appear to influence oxygen delivery, respiratory function, hemodynamic status, post-operative pain, or ventilation-related complications in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Background. Preconditioning is one of the most powerful mechanisms preventing the myocardial ischemic damage that occurs during coronary artery bypass grafting. Objectives. We aimed to investigate the effects of different propofol and/or desflurane administration protocols in terms of the prevention of ischaemia-reperfusion damage. Material and methods. Ninety patients, aged > 18 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category III, scheduled to undergo primary elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were included in the study. During maintenance, the patients in group 1 (n = 30) received a propofol infusion (5–6 mg/ kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h); the patients in group 2 (n = 30) also received a propofol infusion (5–6 mg/kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h), but they were also given 6% desflurane inhalation for 15 min both before cross-clamping of the aorta and after removal of the clamp; the patients in group 3 (n = 30) received a propofol infusion (2–3 mg/kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h) and received the continuous 6% desflurane inhalation. Blood samples were drawn in the preoperative period (S1), during cardiopulmonary bypass, before cross-clamping the aorta (S2), after removal of the cross-clamp (S3) and 24 h after the operation (S4). Results. All groups were similar in terms of age and BMI (p > 0.05). TNF-α levels were higher at S3 compared to S1, S2 and S4 (p > 0.001). The TNF-α levels at S4 were lower in group 3 than those in group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05). In all groups, h-FABP levels showed an increase in S3 but were significantly lower at S4 (p < 0.05). In group 3, h-FABP levels at S2 and S3 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between h-FABP and TNF-α levels (Spearman’s rho = 0.472, p < 0.001). Conclusions. On the basis of the measurement of h-FABP and TNF-α, low-dose propofol and continuous desflurane inhalation provide more effective preconditioning than propofol alone or a short course of desflurane in patients undergoing CABG.

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that high dose dexmedetomidine would increase the duration of antinociception to a thermal stimulus in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade without causing nerve damage. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane. After electromyography (EMG) recordings, right sciatic nerves were explored and perineural injections were delivered: Group D (n = 7), 40 µg µg kg-1 dexmedetomidine administration, Group II (n = 6), (0.2 mL) saline administration, Group III (n = 2), only surgically exploration of the right sciatic nevre. Time to paw withdrawal latency (PAW) to a thermal stimulus for both paws and an assessment of motor function were measured every 30 min after the nerve block until a return to baseline. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of right and left sciatic nerves were recorded 10 times per each nerve once more after perineural injections at 14 day. After EMG recordings, right and the part of left sciatic nerve were excised at a length of at minimum 15 mm for histopathological examination. Comparison of right/left CMAP amplitude ratios before and 14 days after the procedure showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). There were no differences in perineural inflammation between the Group D, Group S, and Group E at 14 days. Resumo O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para testar a hipótese de que dexmedetomidina em dose alta aumentaria a duração da antinocicepção a um estímulo térmico em modelo de rato de bloqueio do nervo ciático sem causar danos ao nervo. Os ratos foram anestesiados com isoflurano. Após os registros da eletromiografia (EMG), os nervos ciáticos direitos foram explorados e injeções perineurais foram administradas: Grupo D (n = 7) recebeu 40 µg/kg-1 de dexmedetomidina, Grupo II (n = 6) recebeu 0,2 mL de solução salina, Grupo III (n = 2) recebeu apenas exploração cirúrgica do nervo ciático direito. O tempo de latência de retirada da pata (LRP) a um estímulo térmico para ambas as patas e uma avaliação da função motora foram avaliados a cada 30 minutos após o bloqueio do nervo até o retorno à fase basal. O potencial de ação muscular composto (PAMC) dos nervos ciático direito e esquerdo foi registrado 10 vezes para cada nervo, mais uma vez, após as injeções perineurais no 14º dia. Após os registros da EMG, o nervo ciático direito e parte do esquerdo foram excisados com um comprimento de no mínimo 15 mm para exame histopatológico. A comparação das proporções da amplitude do PAMC direito/esquerdo antes e 14 dias após o procedimento mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,000). Não houve diferenças em inflamação perineural entre os grupos D, S e E aos 14 dias.

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that high dose dexmedetomidine would increase the duration of antinociception to a thermal stimulus in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade without causing nerve damage. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane. After electromyography (EMG) recordings, right sciatic nerves were explored and perineural injections were delivered: Group D (n = 7), 40 μg μg kg−1 dexmedetomidine administration, Group II (n = 6), (0.2 mL) saline administration, Group III (n = 2), only surgically exploration of the right sciatic nevre. Time to paw withdrawal latency (PAW) to a thermal stimulus for both paws and an assessment of motor function were measured every 30 min after the nerve block until a return to baseline. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of right and left sciatic nerves were recorded 10 times per each nerve once more after perineural injections at 14 day. After EMG recordings, right and the part of left sciatic nerve were excised at a length of at minimum 15 mm for histopathological examination. Comparison of right/left CMAP amplitude ratios before and 14 days after the procedure showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). There were no differences in perineural inflammation between the Group D, Group S, and Group E at 14 days. Resumo: O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para testar a hipótese de que dexmedetomidina em dose alta aumentaria a duração da antinocicepção a um estímulo térmico em modelo de rato de bloqueio do nervo ciático sem causar danos ao nervo. Os ratos foram anestesiados com isoflurano. Após os registros da eletromiografia (EMG), os nervos ciáticos direitos foram explorados e injeções perineurais foram administradas: Grupo D (n = 7) recebeu 40 μg/kg−1 de dexmedetomidina, Grupo II (n = 6) recebeu 0,2 mL de solução salina, Grupo III (n = 2) recebeu apenas exploração cirúrgica do nervo ciático direito. O tempo de latência de retirada pata (LRP) a um estímulo térmico para ambas as patas e uma avaliação da função motora foram avaliados a cada 30 minutos após o bloqueio do nervo até o retorno à fase basal. O potencial de ação muscular composto (PAMC) dos nervos ciático direito e esquerdo foi registrado 10 vezes para cada nervo, mais uma vez, após as injeções perineurais no 14° dia. Após os registros da EMG, o nervo ciático direito e parte do esquerdo foram excisados com um comprimento de no mínimo 15 mm para exame histopatológico. A comparação das proporções da amplitude do PAMC direito/esquerdo antes e 14 dias após o procedimento mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,000). Não houve diferenças em inflamação perineural entre os grupos D, S e E aos 14 dias. Keywords: Paw withdrawal latency testing, Analgesia meter, Sciatic nerve, Electromyography, Dexmedetomidine, Palavras-chave: Testes de latência de retirada da pata, Medidor de analgesia, Nervo ciático, Eletromiografia, Dexmedetomidina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in intraocular pressures (IOP) in patients who underwent pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A total of 42 patients operated for elective coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on CPB were randomly allocated to pulsatile (Group P) and non-pulsatile (Group N) groups. Pulsatile flow was applied to Group P patients during crops-clamp period. The IOP measurements were made before and after the induction of anesthesia, before the onset of CPB, on the 5th, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th min of CPB, after CPB and at the end of the operation. The results of repetitive measurements were analyzed at different intervals and in two groups. The second IOP measurements of right and left eyes displayed statistically significant decreases from the baseline level [11.9 ± 2.9 (p = 0.0001) and 12.5 ± 3.2 (p = 0.0001), respectively]. The significant decrease in the IOP values persisted in the repeated measurements except for the 5th min of CPB values [17.0 ± 3.5 (p = 0.346) and 16.7 ± 3.6 (p = 0.399)]. Comparison of two groups demonstrated significant differences at pre-CPB (right 12.8 ± 2.3 vs. 10.8 ± 2.4; p = 0.013 and left 13.3 ± 2.4 vs. 11.5 ± 2.5; p = 0.023), and 5th min of CPB measurements (right 18.5 ± 3.1 vs. 15.9 ± 3.4; p = 0.015; left 18.2 ± 3.0 vs. 15.7 ± 3.6; p = 0.019). We noted a steady decrease in repeated IOP measurements except for the transient increase in CPB values on 5th min. The IOP values were higher in pulsatile CPB group in pre-CPB and 5th min of CPB measurements; however, the difference was not significant in the repeated measurements.

BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the effect of morphine and fentanyl on shivering when used adjunctively with bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery on an outpatient basis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a total of 90 patients, aged 25-45 years, ASA I-II, scheduled to undergo endovenous laser ablation under spinal anesthesia for lower extremity venous insufficiency/varicose vein disease. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Group M (morphine group) received 5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 0.1 mg morphine, Group F (fentanyl group) received 5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 µg fentanyl, and Group C (control group) received 5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + physiologic saline. The level of sensory blockade was assessed with pin-prick test and the level of motor blockade was assessed with Bromage scale at 5-min intervals. Shivering grade and time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was recorded. RESULTS Level and time of sensory block showed a slight but insignificant increase in the Morphine Group and Fentanyl Group. Time of postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly longer in patients who received morphine (p

Mechanical complications of central venous catheterization (CVC) include artery puncture, vein injuries, catheter malposition (CM), pneumothorax, hemothorax, air embolism, subcutaneous hematoma and arrhythmia. This report was aimed to present the case developing hemothorax due to multilumen catheter (MLC) malposition following venous perforation which is overlooked during CVC. A 21-year old female patient was planned urgent surgery due to a sharp object injury on the right arm. MLC was inserted to left internal jugular vein (IJV) using the seldinger technique in the second attempt. Despite administration of erythrocyte suspension, fluid and noradrenaline infusion through the MLC, patient’s Hct did not increase, hypotension and tachycardia were continued. Catheter was not used and peripheral venous vascular access was used for replacement and infusions. Postoperatively, opacity covering the left hemithorax was detected on the chest radiograph, marked pleural effusion and pneumothorax on the left side was detected on thorax computed tomography. MLC was removed and tube thoracostomy drainage was administered. Hemorrhagic fluid was drained from thorax. Conservative treatment was deemed appropriate since stable vital signs after chest tube application. The complication rate is low and success rate is high in CVC from IJV. Malposition is rare in CVC application from right IJV than in CVC application from left IJV. There is a sharp curve in CVC from the left IJV, which frequently leads to malposition of the MLC. CM should be suspected with no aspiration of blood through catheter or aspiration of another substance such as air, chylous fluid, etc. and non-pulsatile blood flow. If dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension and desaturation develop after catheter administration we should be alert.

ResumoObjetivoDexmedetomidina é um agonista α2‐adrenérgico que tem uma ampla gama de efeitos, incluindo sedação do cérebro de mamíferos, e propriedades tanto analgésicas quanto simpatolíticas. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos de dexmedetomidina e propofol sobre as características da sedação em pacientes submetidos ao bloqueio combinado dos nervos ciático e femoral via abordagem anterior em procedimento ortopédico de membro inferior.MétodosQuarenta pacientes, entre 18 e 65 anos, submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico por causa de fraturas lateral e medial do maléolo foram incluídos neste estudo, conduzido no Departamento de Anestesiologia do Hospital de Ensino e Pesquisa Bağcılar de 8 de setembro de 2011 a 7 de junho de 2012. O bloqueio dos nervos ciático e femoral foi feito via abordagem anterior em todos os pacientes incluídos no estudo, com ultrassonografia. Os pacientes foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos para as infusões de: dexmedetomidina (grupo D [n=20]; 0,5μgkg−1h−1) e propofol (grupo P [n=20]; 35mgkg−1h–1).ResultadosOs sinais vitais e os valores da escala de sedação de Ramsay no período intraoperatório foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Os tempos de início e término da sedação no grupo D foram significativamente maiores do que os do grupo P (p

Critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM) is a primary axonal-degenerative condition that occurs in sensory and motor fibers after the onset of a critical illness. It is thought that it develops due to tissue damage due to hypoxia/ischemia. When 24-year-old female patient was followed in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to diabetic ketoacidosis, she was extubated on the second day. She was reintubated on the third day because of respiratory acidosis. Sedation was withdrawn on the fifth day, however the patient could not recover consciousness until the 14th day and tetraplegia was found during her neurological examination. Motor peripheral nerve-transmission response in the upper-and lower-extremity was evaluated to be of low amplitude in the conducted needle electroneuromyography. The patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation on the 23rd day. The neuromuscular symptoms developing as a result of critical illnesses reflect themselves as an increase in the hospitalization duration in the ICU, a difficulty in separation from the mechanical ventilator and an extension of rehabilitation.

Objective: Our study aims at determining infection frequency in patients receiving or not receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), detecting the microorganisms most frequently isolated, and measuring the effect of TH on mortality and morbidity. Material and Method: We examined retrospectively the files of 44 patients receiving successful CPR. Patients were separated into two groups: the ones receiving (n=20) and not receiving (n=24) TH. Their leucocyte numbers and C- reactive protein (CRP) values were recorded in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day. Their demographic data, hospitalization period in intensive care unit (ICU), the first day that culture positivity occurred, in which culture(s) reproduction occured, which microorganisms reproduced in these cultures, and discharge state of the patients from ICU were recorded. Results: No significant difference was found in patients’ demographic data, and Glasgow coma score (GCS) averages. Culture positivity observed in the first 10 days after intensive care follow-ups, blood, deep tracheal aspiration (DTA), urine culture growth rate, and leukocyte numbers were not significantly different between the groups. Although there was no significant difference between the mortality rates of the groups, hospitalization time in the ICU was significantly lower in the group receiving TH. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of leucocyte numbers in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day. The CRP value in the 1st day in the group receiving TH was significantly lower than those not receiving TH. There was no significant difference between the CRP values in other days. Conclusion: Although mortality rates are not significantly affected, hospitalization period in ICU was found to be shorter in the group receiving TH. For this reason, we think that TH which was proved to have favorable neurologic advances, should be applied to post CPR patients in ICU practice.

Objective: Monitored anesthesia care is the combination of local anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics drugs for sedation and analgesia. The aim of this prospective, randomized double blinded study was to compare intraoperative and postoperative effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusion in patients scheduled for lower extremity surgery under epidural anesthesia, Amaç: Monitörize anestezi bakımı, sedasyon ve analjezi için lokal ve intravenöz anesteziklerin kombinasyonudur. Bu prospektif, randomize çift kör çalışmanın amacı, epidural anestezi altında alt ekstremite cerrahisi geçirecek hastalarda intravenöz deksmedetomidin ve ketamin kullanımının intraoperatif ve postoperatif etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.Yöntem: Çalışmaya alt ekstremite cerrahisi planlanan, 18-80 yaşları arasında ve ASA I-II grubuna giren 60 hasta dahil edildi. Standart monitörizasyonun ardından, tüm hastalara epidural kateter uygulandı ve 14 ml 0.5% bupivakain ile anestezi uygulandı. Aynı anda; Grup I’deki olgulara 0.9%NaCl; Grup II’deki olgulara 0.5 mcg/kg/sa deksmedetomidin ve Grup III’deki olgulara 0.5 mg/kg/sa ketamin intravenöz infüzyonu başlatıldı. Operasyon sonunda (0), 30. dk 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48. saatlerde: hemodinamik ölçümler, solunum sayısı, oksijen saturasyonu, sedasyon ve ağrı skorları kaydedildi. Postoperatif dönemde hasta kontrollü epidural analjezi yöntemi uygulandı. Epidural anestezik tüketimi ve yan etkiler postoperatif 24 ve 48. saatlerde kaydedildi.Bulgular: Cerrahi blok düzeyine ulaşma zamanı, periferik oksijen satürasyonu, solunum sayısı, cilt ısısı, idrar ve kanama volümü, enfeksiyon oranları ve yan etkiler benzerdi. Operasyon esnasında 45 - 105. dak arasında sistolik ve diyastolik basınçlar deksmedetomidin grubunda düşüktü (p

Objective Prolonged ventilation (PV) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a common postoperative complication. Preoperative and operative parameters were evaluated in order to identify the patients at risk for prolonged ventilation postoperatively in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. Design Retrospective. Setting Research and training hospital, single institution. Participants The authors analyzed the prospectively collected data of 830 on- and off-pump coronary bypass patients. Interventions The relationships of PV (>24 hours) with preoperative and operative parameters were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Measurements and Main Results Forty-six patients (5.6%) required PV postoperatively. Hospital mortality was significantly higher in this group (45.7% v 4.0%; p = 0.0001). Univariate analysis showed that these patients were older (65.6±9.3 v 60.4±9.9; p = 0.001), had higher incidences of cerebrovascular disease (21.7% v 10.5%; p = 0.032), advanced ASA (58.7% v 41.8%; p = 0.026) and NYHA classes (32.6% v 12.2%; p = 0.001), and chronic renal dysfunction (20.0% v 4.0%; p = 0.0001). Concomitant procedures were more commonly performed in these patients (30.4% v 7.8%; p = 0.0001), and total durations of perfusion were longer (147.2±69.1 v 95.7±33.9 minutes; p = 0.0001). In regression analysis, advanced NYHA class (odds ratio = 8.2; 95% CI = 1.5-43.5; p = 0.015), chronic renal dysfunction (odds ratio = 7.7; 95% CI = 1.3-47.6; p = 0.027), and longer perfusion durations (p = 0.012) were found to be independently associated with delayed weaning from the ventilator. Every 1-minute increase over 82.5 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass increased risk of delayed extubation by 3.5% (95% CI = 0.8%-6.4%). Conclusions Postoperative prolonged ventilation is associated with advanced NYHA class, chronic renal dysfunction and longer perfusion times in CABG patients.

OZ Giris: Geleneksel olarak, non depolarizan kas gevsetici etkilerinin geri dondurulmesinde asetil kolinesteraz inhi- bitorleri kullanilmaktadir. Ancak, bu ajanlarin bazi yan etkileri mevcuttur. Sugammadeks, steroid yapidaki kas gev- seticilerin etkisini geri dondurmek icin hazirlanmis olan ilk ve tek selektif ajandir ve asetil kolinesteraz inhibitorlerinin istenmeyen kolinerjik ve muskarinik yan etkilerine sahip degildir. Gebelerde sugammadeks kullanimi ile ilgili yeter- li veri mevcut degildir. Bu retrospektif calismada sezaryen uygulanan gebelerde 1 yillik surede sugammadeks ile ilgili deneyimlerimizin sunulmasi amaclandi. ABSTRACT Retrospective Analysis of Sugammadex Administration in Pregnants Background: Usually acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for the reversal of non depolarising agents induced neuromuscular blockade. However, these agents have some side effects. Sugammadex is the first and only selective agent for reversing the effect of steroidal neuromuscular blockers and has not any unwanted cholinergic and musca- rinic effects unlike acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. There is not sufficient data for sugammadex usage in pregnant pati - ents. In this retrospective study we would like to present our data for sugammadex usage after cesarean sections. Material and Methods: During this retrospective study we looked through intraoperative anesthesiology data and patient dossiers of all patients, who had been undergo- ne cesarean section between 01/09/2011 and 01/09/2012 in our clinic. We have recorded patients' age, ASA score, body weight, pre-pregnancy body weight, duration of the operation, allergic reactions, intraoperative and postope- rative complications, previous aneesthesis, comorbide di- seases, whether the operation was performed in emergency or elective conditions and the indication of sugammadex administration. Results: Sugammedex was used for 16 (1 %) patients from total 1681 cesarean sections. The average operation dura- tion was 52.81±16.83 minutes. 37.5 % of the patients were operated in elective condition and 62.5 % in emergency condition. Sugammadex indication was difficult entubati - on for 4 patients (25 %), inadequate decurarisation for 7 patients (43.7 %), morbid obesity for 2 patients (12.5 %), HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver functions and low pla- telet count) syndrome for 2 patients (12.5 %) and severe hemodynamic instability for 1 patient (6.2 %). We have not experienced any allergic reactions, intraoperative and pos- toperative complications in Sugammadex used patients. Sonuc: Sugammadex was used for 1 % of patients operated for cesarean section. The indication of Sugammadex admi- nistration was difficult intubation, morbid obesity, inadequa - te decurarisation and hemodynamic instability. We have not experienced any compliction due to Sugammadex usage.

Noonan syndrome is a genetically transmitted autosomal dominant disorder characterized by various anatomic anomalies and pathophysiologic derangements. Associ­ated anomalies include hyperthelorism, ptosis, microgna­thia, downward sloping palpebral fissures, low-set ears, abnormal helix of ear, deeply grooved philtrum, short and/ or webbed neck, low hairline and cervical vertebral anom­alies. Patients with Noonan syndrome are known to pres­ent with challenging airways. Tracheal intubation can be difficult because of airway and cervical vertebral anoma­lies and bag mask ventilation may be difficult because of asymmetrical face. We present a case of anesthetic man­agement for Noonan syndrome. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (2): 238-241, Noonan sendromu değişik patofizyolojik düzensizlikler ve değişik anatomik anomalilerle görülen, otozomal domi­nant genetik geçişle karakterize bir hastalıktır. Bu send­romla ilişkili anomaliler, hipertelorizm, pitozis, mikrognati, aşağı dönük palpebral fissürler, düşük yerleşimli-anormal heliksli kulaklar, derin oluklu filtrum, kısa ve/veya yele bo­yun, düşük ense saç çizgisi şeklinde dismorfik bulgulardır. Noonan sendromu tanısı almış hastalar zor hava yolu ile karşımıza çıkar. Trakeal entübasyon hava yolu ve servikal vertebral anomalilere ve maske ile ventilasyon asimetrik yüz yapısına bağlı olarak zor olabilir. Biz Noonan send­romlu bir olguya anestezik yaklaşımımızı sunmak istedik.

Background and objectives: : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of reinsertion of the stylet after a spinal anesthesia procedure on the Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) Methods: We have enrolled into this study 630 patients who were undergoing elective operations with spinal anesthesia and randomized them to Group A (stylet replacement before needle removal) and Group B (needle removal without stylet replacement). These patients were observed for the duration of 24 hours in the hospital and they were checked for PDPH on the 3rd and the 7th day of the study. Results: Overall, the PDPH incidence was at 10.8% (68 patients). Thirty-three of these patients (10.5%) who were in Group A (stylet replacement before needle removal) and the other 35 patients (11.1%) who were in Group B (needle removal without stylet replacement) experienced PDPH. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the PDPH. Conclusions: In contrary to the diagnostic lumbar puncture, reinsertion of the stylet after spinal anesthesia with 25-gauge Quincke needles does not reduce the incidence of PDPH. Keywords: Anesthesia, Spinal, Post-Dural Puncture Headache.

Resumen Justificativa y objetivos: Este estudio fue hecho para investigar los efectos de la reinsercion del estilete en la cefalea pos puncion dural (CPPD) despues de la raquianestesia. Metodos: Un total de 639 pacientes sometidos a la cirugia electiva con raquianestesia se seleccionaron para este estudio. Los pacientes fueron aleatoriamente designados para dos grupos: Grupo A (reinsercion del estilete antes de la retirada de la aguja) y Grupo B (retirada de la aguja sin la reinsercion del estilete). Los pacientes fueron observados durante 24 horas en el hospital y evaluados CPPD en el tercero y en el septimo dia del estudio. Resultados: En general, la incidencia de CPPD fue de un 10,8% (68 pacientes). Treinta y tres de ellos (10,5%) que estaban en el Grupo A (reinsercion del estilete antes de la retirada de la aguja) y 35 (11,1%) en el grupo B (retirada de la aguja sin la reinsercion del estilete) tuvieron CPPD. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos con relacion a la CPPD. Conclusiones: Al contrario de la puncion lumbar diagnostica, la reinsercion del estilete posterior a la raquianestesia con agujas tipo Quincke de calibre 25 no reduce la incidencia de CPPD.

Therapeutic hypothermia is efficient on comatose patients after cardiac arrest. This article aims to demonstrate successful therapeutic hypothermia management for a patient with asystole. A 39 years old female patient, to whom after cardiac arrest due to dilated cardiomyopathy 45 minutes CPR in emergency department was performed and an arterial catheter was applied via right femoral artery for coronary for angiograpy and arteriograpy, hospitalized in our intensive care unit. We have inserted a left femoral vein catheter for therapeutic hypothermia application. Therapeutic hypotermia was performed to reduce body temperature 0.5 degrees C per hour until 32 degrees C was reached and continued for 72 hours. The consciousness of the patient opened at 12th day and at at 16th day we applied weaning and extubated the patient. During the observation and treatment period after TH a pseudoaneurysm was developed at the right femoral artery and the patient was operated by the cardiovascular surgery. Afterwards a large tissue defect developed in the operation region. After completed follow-upand treatment in the ICU, the patient was transferred at full conscious and breathing condition to the plastic surgery clinic for tissue defect repairing, on 31th day. Therapeutic hypothermia improves neurological recovery in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients and it should be taken into consideration.

WOS: 000392430900025, PubMed: 27764981, Introduction and aim: To study the protective, preventive effect of luteolin from colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.Material and method: Four different treatment options were tested on rats: colistin, luteolin, and a combination of colistin and luteolin, intraperitoneally as two doses a day, for seven days. Another group of rats were used as the control and treated with sterile saline. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after treatment. Histological changes and colistin-induced apoptosis (Insitu BrdU-red DNA Fragmentation Assay Kit) of the renal tissues were examined after the scarification procedure.Results: In the Colistin Group, post-treatment creatinine levels were statistically higher than the pretreatment levels (p=.001). In the remaining groups, no significant changes were observed. Cells that undergo apoptosis were counted and it was shown that all groups except the colistin-treated group had a similar number of apoptotic cells, whereas the colistin-treated group had statistically higher number of apoptotic cells compared to other groups (p=.0001). Renal histological damage was also measured and the score of the colistin treated group was higher as compared to other groups.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study demonstrated us that luteolin was capable of preventing colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and that this effect was significant at histopathological level., Bagcilar Training and Research HospitalIstanbul Bagcilar Training & Research Hospital [2014-24], Colistimethate sodium was provided from Kocak Farma Pharmaceutical Company free of charge. Supported by a grant (2014-24) Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital.

Anaesthesiologists must always prefer the safest method to minimize the risk for patients. At present, ultrasound-guided blockage of the greater occipital nerve can be performed in a safe manner. In this report, we presented our experience of ultrasound-guided blockage of the greater occipital nerve that we performed in a patient with a mass at the back of the neck who had risk of general anaesthesia because of comorbidities.

BackgroundThere are limited data to determine the impact of subarachnoid blockade with local anesthetics on perioperative pulmonary function. The effects of local anesthetics used in spinal anesthesia are very important in terms of respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bupivacaine versus levobupivacaine on pulmonary function in patients with COPD undergoing urologic surgery.MethodsPatients were randomized into 2 groups: group B (n = 25) received 3 mL of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine; group L (n = 25) received 3 mL of isobaric 0.5% levobupivacaine. Both agents were administered intrathecally. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), vital capacity (VC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured using spirometry 10 and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia and 30 minutes after completion of the operation. An arterial blood gas test was performed before and after spinal anesthesia.ResultsFifty male patients aged 40 to 80 years completed the study. There were no differences in the results of preoperative and postoperative FVC, FEV1, PEFR, VC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and arterial blood gas between the bupivacaine (n = 25) and levobupivacaine (n = 25) groups. However, patients who took bupivacaine showed a significant decrease in intraoperative PEFR at 30 minutes compared with baseline, a result not seen in patients who took levobupivacaine (P = 0.036 and P = 0.282, respectively).ConclusionsIn 50 patients with moderate COPD undergoing urologic surgery, hyperbaric bupivacaine caused a decrease in intraoperative PEFR compared with baseline because of higher level block; however, the effects of hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric levobupivacaine on pulmonary function in these patients showed equally effective potencies for spinal anesthesia.

To prevent hemodynamic and respiratory changes that are likely to occur during cementation in partial hip prosthesis by prophylactic use of pheniramine maleate and dexamethasone.The study included 40 patients aged between 60 and 85 years with an American Society ofAnesthesiologists (ASA) grade of II-III who underwent partial hip prosthesis. Just after spinal anesthesia, 4 mL normal saline was pushed in patients in Group S, whereas 45.5 mg pheniramine maleate and 8 mg dexamethasone mixture was pushed intravenously in a total volume of 4 mL in patients in Group PD.Amounts of atropine and adrenaline administered after cementation were significantly higher in Group S than in Group PD (P0.05). There was a significant difference between SpO2 values before and after cementation in Group S; SpO2 value was lower after cementation (P0.05) except for 1. min after cementation. SpO2 value increased 1 min after cementation (P = 0.031) CONCLUSION: Prophylactic use of pheniramine maleate and dexamethasone in partial hip prosthesis led to an increase in SpO2 value and a decrease in the utilization of adrenaline and atropine after cementation.

Introduction: We have analyzed our initial results of our anesthesia techniques in our new-onset endovascular aortic reconstruction cases. Patients and Methods: The perioperative data of 15 elective and emergent endovascular aortic reconstruction cases that were operated in 2010-2011 were collected in a database. The choice of anesthesia was made by the risk factors, surgical team's preferences, type and location of the aortic pathology and by the predicted operation duration. The data of local and general anesthesia cases were compared. Results: Thirteen (86.7%) cases were male and 2 (13.3%) female. Eleven patients were in ASA Class III. The demographic parameters, ASA classifications, concurrent diseases were similar in both groups. Thirteen (86.7%) cases had infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and 2 (13.3%) had Type III aortic dissection. The diastolic arterial pressures were lower in general anesthesia group in 20th and 40th minutes' measurements just like the mean arterial pressure measurements at the 40th, 100th minutes and during the deployment of the graft. Postoperative mortality occurred in 3 (20.0%) patients and they all had general anesthesia and they were operated on emergency basis. Postoperative morbidity occurred in four patients that had general anesthesia (acute renal failure, multi-organ failure and pneumonia). The other patient had atrial fibrillation on the 1st postoperative day and was converted to sinus rhythm with amiodarone infusion. Conclusion: Edovascular aortic reconstruction procedures can safely be performed with both general and local anesthesia less invasively compared to open surgery. General anesthesia may be preferred for the better hemodynamic control., Giriş: Hastanemizde yeni başlayan endovasküler aort rekonstrüksiyonu olgularında uyguladığımız anestezi tekniklerini değerlendirerek ilk sonuçlarımızı inceledik. Hastalar ve Yöntem: 2010-2011 yılları arasında elektif ve acil endovasküler aort rekonstrüksiyonu uygulanan 15 olgunun peroperatif verileri oluşturduğumuz veri tabanında toplandı. Uygulanacak anestezi yöntemi, olguların risk faktörleri değerlendirilerek, cerrahi ekiple görüşülerek, aort patolojisinin yeri, tipi, operasyon ve öngörülen cerrahi süre belirlenerek planlandı. Lokal ve genel anestezi uygulanan grupların değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Olguların 13 (%86.7)'ü erkek ve 2 (%13.3)'si kadın idi. Olguların 11'i ASA III idi. Ortalama yaşları 64.5 ± 14.0 (36-81) idi. Gruplara göre olguların demografik özellikleri, ASA durumları, eşlik eden ek hastalıkların karşılaştırmalarında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. On beş olgudan, 13 (%86.7)'üne infrarenal abdominal aort anevrizması ve 2 (%14.3)'sine Tip III aort disseksiyonu sebebiyle endovasküler aort rekonstrüksiyonu uygulandı. Diyastolik arter basınçları 20 ve 40. dakika ölçümlerinde lokal anestezi grubunda daha yüksek idi. Ortalama arter basınçları ise 40 ve 100. dakikalar ile greft açılırken anlamlı olarak genel anestezi grubunda daha düşük olarak hesaplandı. Postoperatif mortalite 3 (%20.0) hastada gelişti. Her üç hastaya da genel anestezi altında işlem uygulandı. Üç hasta da acil olarak işleme alınmıştı. Postoperatif morbidite genel anestezi uygulanmış olan dört hastada gelişti. Bu hastalardan üçünde mortalite gelişti (akut böbrek yetmezliği, çoklu organ yetmezliği ve pnömoni). Diğer hastada postoperatif birinci günü atriyal fibrilasyon gelişti ve amiodaron infüzyonu ile sinüs ritmine döndü. Sonuç: Endovasküler aort rekonstrüksiyon genel ve lokal anestezi ile güvenle uygulanabilen açık cerrahiye kıyasla daha az invazif bir işlemdir. Genel anestezi, sağladığı daha iyi hemodinamik kontrol açısından tercih edilebilir.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed at determining the short-, mid- and long-term effects of a triple shoulder injection accompanied by fluoroscopy on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values in patients with chronic shoulder pain. METHODS The study was conducted by retrospective investigation of the files of 92 patients experiencing chronic shoulder pain, and on whom a triple shoulder injection with 40 mg methylprednisolone and 25 mg bupivacaine accompanied by fluoroscopy was applied between January 01, 2011 and August 31, 2012. RESULTS 1st week, 1st-6th month, and 1st year VAS values were significantly lower when compared to the basal VAS values from a statistical point of view (p

A seventy-seven year-old male patient had a stroke two years ago. Following the stroke, the patient had continuous, excruciating, severe pain between the left knee, which increased when standing and walking. We looked into the change in the character of the patient's pain after treatment. This study aimed to present our treatment approaches to the patients who develop central neuropathic pain, degenerative disk disease-related peripheral neuropathic pain and radicular nociceptive pain, and gonarthrosis-related nociceptive pain in the left leg following stroke.

Pregabalin is an antiepileptic, analgesic and anxiolytic drug that GABA analogue with similar structure and actions to gabapentin. There are very few reports about pregabalin intoxication in the literature. A 24-year-old male presented following ingestion of 3 g of pregabalin in this report. He was managed with General Supportive Care and Symptomatic Approach (GSCSA) such as discontinuation of the drug, hydration with IV fluids, oxygenation, gastric lavage and activated charcoal administration and enhanced elimination techniques. But, it is to be noted that either the kidneys of the patients are in good functioning state or there is a hemodialysis facility in the immediate vicinity.

Background Hypothermia has been used in cardiac surgery for many years for neuroprotection. Mild hypothermia (MH) [body temperature (BT) kept at 32–35°C] has been shown to reduce both mortality and poor neurological outcome in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study investigated whether patients who were expected to benefit neurologically from therapeutic hypothermia (TH) also had improved cardiac function. Methods The study included 30 patients who developed in-hospital cardiac arrest between September 17, 2012, and September 20, 2013, and had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following successful CPR. Patient BTs were cooled to 33°C using intravascular heat change. Basal BT, systolic artery pressure (SAP), diastolic artery pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, central venous pressure, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI), extravascular lung water index (ELWI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were measured at 36°C, 35°C, 34°C and 33°C during cooling. BT was held at 33°C for 24 hours prior to rewarming. Rewarming was conducted 0.25°C/h. During rewarming, measurements were repeated at 33°C, 34°C, 35°C and 36°C. A final measurement was performed once patients spontaneously returned to basal BT. We compared cooling and rewarming cardiac measurements at the same BTs. Results SAP values during rewarming (34°C, 35°C and 36°C) were lower than during cooling (P

Intensive care unit (ICU) readmissions after coronary bypass (CABG) operations occur in a significant number of patients, and the prognosis is poor. We analyzed the risk factors for ICU readmissions after CABG operations.We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected data of 679 coronary bypass patients operated in a single institution in order to evaluate the risk factors for readmittance to the ICU with logistic regression analysis. The outcome results of patients readmitted to the ICU (Group R) and others (Group N) were compared.Thirty-six (5.3%) patients were readmitted to the ICU. Postoperative in-hospital mortality and pulmonary and neurologic morbidity occurred in 43 (6.3%), 135 (19.9%), and 46 (6.8%) patients, respectively. The comparison of groups showed that mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in Group R compared to Group N (mortality 16.7% vs. 5.9, p=0.029; pulmonary morbidity 66.7% vs. 17.3%, p=0.0001; neurologic morbidity 38.9% vs. 5.0%, p=0.0001). Features associated with readmission included presence of left ventricular dysfunction preoperatively[odds ratio (OR)=4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.4-12.5; p=0.013], advanced NYHA Class (OR=5.3; 95% CI=1.3-21.7; p=0.022), pulmonary complications (OR=7.3; 95% CI=2.1-25.5; p=0.002), and neurologic complications (OR=4.6; 95% CI=1.3-16.7; p=0.021).Patients readmitted to the ICU postoperatively have higher rates of mortality and pulmonary and neurologic morbidity after coronary bypass operations. Left ventricular dysfunction, advanced NYHA class, and postoperative pulmonary and neurologic complications are significant risk factors for readmission to the ICU.

There is a passive blood flow to the stomach during oral and nasal surgery. It may cause postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We researched the relationship between gastric decompression (GD) and severity of PONV in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. 137 patients who have been into ENT surgery were included in the study. In Group I (n=70), patients received GD after surgery before extubation; patients in Group II (n=67) did not receive GD. In postoperative 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th hours, the number and ratio of patients demonstrating PONV were detected to be significantly more in Group II as compared to Group I. PONV was also significantly more severe in Group II as compared to Group I. In Group I, the PONV ratio in the 2nd hour was significantly more for those whose amounts of stomach content aspired were more than 10 mL as compared to those whose stomach content aspired was less than 10 mL. In the 4th, 8th, and 24th hours, there is no statistically significant difference between the stomach content aspired and PONV ratio. GD reduces the incidence and severity of PONV in ENT surgery.

OBJECTIVE In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of laparoscopic procedures in which the abdominal cavity at a Trendelenburg position of 15 degrees was insufflated with CO2 on cardiac and liver markers. METHODS Forty patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynaecological surgery were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken the day before operation and 6 hours after surgery, and later, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), myoglobin (MY) and d-dimer (d-D) were measured. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the values of preoperative and postoperative ALT (16.8±9.4 and 17.8±9.3; p=0.579), AST (19.4±7 and 20.9±7.6; p=0.361) and ALP (65.2±16.2 and 63.3±16.9; p=0.609), but LDH (385.1±117.3 and 460.6±156.3; p=0.003), CK (113.8±138.5 and 247.9±283.5; p=0.0001), CK-MB (22.8±13.3 and 28.7±16; p=0.011), MY (28.1±12.9 and 138.8±129; p=0.0001) and d-D (509.5±815: 1026±1054; p=0.0001) increased significantly. CONCLUSION After laparoscopic operations in the Trendelenburg position, postoperative serum ALT, AST and ALP levels, remained unchanged, when compared to preoperative values, but LDH, CK, CK-MB, myoglobin and d-dimer values increased significantly.

Recent advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques have facilitated general anesthesia and surgical possibilities in the higher-risk patient group. Although general anesthesia is the only preferred approach for breast surgery, there have been many clinical trials about breast surgery that has been achieved with regional anesthesia techniques. It is known that regional anesthesia application decreases the preoperative stress, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Additionally, this application positively affects the early start of feeding and mobilization. Regional anesthesia techniques like high thoracic epidural anesthesia, cervical epidural anesthesia and paravertebral block have been applied successfully in mastectomy operations. Combined thoracic epidural anesthesia-interscalene block technique may also be a good alternative to general or cervical, high thoracic epidural anesthesia. We aimed herein to present a case who underwent successful mastectomy and axillary dissection under combined thoracic epidural anesthesia-interscalene block.

Objective: Dexmedetomidine is an α-2 adrenergic agonist having wide range of effects including sedation in mammalian brain, and has analgesic as well as sympatholytic properties. This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol infusion on sedation characteristics in patients undergoing combined sciatic nerve and femoral nerve block via anterior approach for lower limb orthopedic procedure. Methods: Forty patients, who were between 18 and 65 years old, this study was made at anesthesiology clinic of Bağcılar training and research hospital in 08 September 2011 to 07 June 2012, and underwent surgical procedure due to fractures lateral and medial malleol, were included. Sciatic nerve and femoral nerve block were conducted with an anterior approach on all patients included in the study, with an ultrasonography. The patients were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine [Group D (n = 20); 0.5 μg kg−1 h−1] and propofol [Group P (n = 20); 3 mg kg−1 h–1] infusion groups. Results: The vital findings and intra-operative Ramsay sedation scale values were similar in both groups. Time taken for sedation to start and time required for sedation to become over of Group D were significantly higher than those of Group P (p

Objective There is an increasing interest in reexamining the relationship between glucose levels and postoperative complications. Threshold levels of HbA1c below those currently recommended may be additional indicators of risk for renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. In this study, the authors analyzed the perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations to evaluate the association of HbA1c levels and renal complications. Design Retrospective. Setting Research and training hospital, single institution. Participants The prospectively collected data of 510 coronary bypass patients with documented HbA1c levels were analyzed. Interventions The relationship of HbA1c with postoperative renal morbidity was evaluated with logistic regression analysis with lower threshold value (5.9%) for elevated levels. Measurements and Main Results Two hundred ninety-three patients (57.5%) had elevated HbA1c values. Patients with high HbA1c levels (>5.9%) had higher incidences of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. The incidence of acute kidney injury was higher in the high HbA1c group (11.9% v 1.8%; p = 0.0001). The high HbA1c group had higher incidence of renal morbidity (odds ratio = 4.608), and every 1% increase over 5.9% increased risk of renal complications by 23.6%. The other factors associated with renal morbidity were known history of diabetes, chronic renal disease, and performance of any concomitant procedure. Conclusions The elevated levels of HbA1c are associated with increased renal complications and the cut-off values of HbA1c could be lowered to the upper range of normal limits.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis whether preemptive administration of rofecoxib, a novel selective COX-2 inhibitor, can prolong intraarticular bupivacaine analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Group 1 (n=21) was administered oral rofecoxib 50 mg 1 h before surgery plus intraarticular 0.5 % bupivacaine 20 ml postoperatively. Group 2 (n=21) was administered the same dose of bupivacaine. Group 3 (n=20) was administered saline 20 ml intraarticularly after surgery. Pain scores (VAS) were assessed at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. Analgesia duration, analgesic (tramadol and tenoxicam) requirements, and adverse effects were recorded postoperatively for 24 h. Pain scores were significantly lower in the Group 1 at all time points (p0.05, p0.001) and were significantly lower in the Group 2 at 30 min (p0.001), 1 and 4 h (p0.05) compared to the Group 3. Pain scores were significantly lower in the Group 1 compared to the Group 2 during the first 4 h after surgery (p0.05, p0.001). Analgesia duration was longer in Group 1 than Group 2 or 3 (743.0 +/- 480.5 min versus 262.4 +/- 292.2 min and 17.0 +/- 12.1 min; p0.05, p0.001 respectively), and in Group 2 than Group 3 (p0.05). Tramadol requirements were significantly less in Group 1 than Group 2 and 3 (4.8 +/- 15.0 mg versus 40.5 +/- 43.6 mg and 67.5 +/- 24.5 mg; p0.05, p0.001 respectively), and in Group 2 than Group 3 (p0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups regarding the tenoxicam requirements and adverse effects. In conclusion, the combination of oral rofecoxib administered preemptively and intraarticular bupivacaine administered postoperatively provided a significant analgesic benefit and decreased the opioid requirements after arthroscopic knee surgery, when compared to bupivacaine alone or saline.