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The aim of this study is to determine the role of metabolic and volumetric parameters obtained from 18Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced nonsquamous cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement.Pre and post-treatment PET/CT images of the ALK + NSCLC patients between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated. The highest standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values were obtained from pre-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) basal PET/CT (PETpre) and post-TKI PET/CT (PETpost) images. Total MTV (tMTV) and total TLG (tTLG) values were calculated by summing MTV and TLG values in all tumor foci. The change (Δ) in pSUVmax, pMTV, pTLG, tMTV and tTLG before and after treatment was calculated.The relationship of these parameters with OS and PFS was analyzed.tTLGpre, tMTVpre, pTLGpre, pMTVpre, ∆SUVmax, ∆tMTV and ∆tTLG values were found to be associated with OS; ∆tMTV, ∆tTLG, tTLGpre, tMTVpre, pTLGpre and pMTVpre were associated with PFS. The cutoff values in both predicting OS and PFS were calculated as -31.6 and 391.1 for ∆tMTV and tTLGpre, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, ∆tMTV and stage for OS and ∆tMTV and tTLGpre for PFS were obtained as prognostic factors.Metabolic and volumetric parameters, especially TLG values in the whole body before treatment and change in whole body MTV value, obtained from PET/CT may be useful in predicting prognosis and determining treatment strategies for patients with advanced ALK + NSCLC.

Objective Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation types is of great importance before treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Radiomics is a new strategy for noninvasively predicting the genetic status of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the predictive power of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomic features for mutational status before treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to develop a predictive model based on radiomic features. Methods Images of patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging with the diagnosis of NSCLC between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated using LIFEx software. The region of interest (ROI) of the primary tumor was established and volumetric and textural features were obtained. Clinical data and radiomic data were evaluated with machine learning (ML) algorithms to create a model. Results For EGFR mutation prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLZLM_GLNU and clinical data was Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.751, MCC: 0.347, acc: 71.4%). For ALK rearrangement prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLCM_correlation, GLZLM_LZHGE and clinical data was evaluated as Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.682, MCC: 0.221, acc: 77.4%). Conclusions In our study, we created prediction models based on radiomic analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Tissue analysis with ML algorithms are non-invasive methods for predicting ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC, which may be useful for targeted therapy selection in a clinical setting.

Objective The aims were to evaluate the performance of models that predict Gleason Grade (GG) groups with radiomic data obtained from the prostate gland in dual time 68Ga-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET/CT) images for prostate cancer (PCa) staging, and to analyze the contribution of late imaging to the radiomic model and to evaluate the relationship of the distance between tumor foci in the body (Dmax) obtained in early PET images with histopathology and prostate specific antigen (PSA) value. Methods Between October 2020 and August 2021, 41 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging of PCa were retrospectively analyzed. Volumetric and radiomics data were obtained from early and late PSMA PET images. The differences between age, metastasis status, PSA, standard uptake value (SUV), volumetric and radiomics parameters between GG groups were analyzed. Early and late PET radiomic models were created, area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the models were obtained. In addition, the correlation of Dmax values with total PSMA-tumor volume (TV), Total lesion (TL)-PSMA and PSA values was evaluated. In metastatic patients, the difference in Dmax between GG groups was analyzed. Results There was a significant difference between patients with GG 3 in 35 of the early PET radiomic features. In the early PET model, multivariate analyses showed that GLRLM_RLNU and PSA were the most meaningful parameters. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the early model in detecting patients with GG > 3 were calculated as 0.902, 76.2%, 84% and 78.1%, respectively. In 36 late PET radiomic features, there was a significant difference between patients with GG 3. In multivariate analyses; SHAPE_compacity and PSA were obtained as the most meaningful parameters. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the late model in detecting patients with GG > 3 were calculated as 0.924, 85.7%, 85% and 85.4%. There was a strong correlation between Dmax and PSA values (p < 0.001, rho: 0.793). Dmax showed strong correlation with PSMA-TVtotal and TL-PSMAtotal (p < 0.001, rho: 0.797; p < 0.001, rho: 0.763, respectively). In patients with metastasis, median Dmax values of the GG > 3 group were higher than GG

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment response and survival with post-therapy images in patients who received one cycle of Lu-177 PSMA I&T treatment. Material and Methods: After Lu-177 PSMA I&T treatment was administered to 54 patients, maximum count, pixel count (tumor extent) and sum (total tumor burden) values were calculated with a semiautomatic program. The images after the first treatment were evaluated as basal disease images. Images obtained after the second treatment were considered the response to the first cycle treatment. Results: It was determined that the number of maximum counts (p: 0.015) and tumor extent (p: 0.014) were significantly reduced after one cycle of Lu177 PSMA treatment. No significant change in total tumor burden (p:0.206) was detected. After one treatment cycle the maximum count in 46% of the patients and the total tumor burden in 63% of the patients. The number of pixels (tumor prevalence) in 41% of the patients decreased by >= 25%. Based on the Naive-Bayes method, one-year survival accuracy was 71.6%. Conclusion: With the texture analysis and machine learning of the Lu-177 PSMA post-therapy images, treatment response and survival were determined with high accuracy.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the standard uptake value (SUV) of body weight and SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) parameters obtained from the prostate gland in gallium-68 (68Ga)-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with Gleason grade (GG) groups, D'Amico risk groups, and presence of metastases. Methods Patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging at our center between February 2017 and October 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Maximum SUV (SUVmax), SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak, SUVmean, and SULmean values of the prostate tumor were obtained. The difference in these values between GG groups (≥3

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metastatic potential of primary tumor and survival in esophageal cancer (EC) patients by using metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from the stagingMedical records of EC patients were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-two patients with stagingSignificant factors on survival were determined as lymph node or distant metastasis (p=0.024, 0.008, respectively) at the staging PET/CT. A significant relationship between volumetric parameters of the primary tumor and total tumor burden (MTVp, TLGp, MTVwb and TLGwb) between survivors and non-survivors for one-year and five-year was detected. In receiver operating characteristics analysis, the most significant volumetric parameter was MTVwb, with area under curve 0.771 in estimated five-year survival. The best cut-off value was detected as 36.1 mL with 78% sensitivity and 75% specificity for MTVwb in determining long-term survivors.Tumor burden inBu çalışmanın amacı evrelemeÖK tanılı hastaların tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Evreleme anındaSağkalım üzerinde önemli faktörler evreleme PET/BT’de lenf nodu veya uzak metastaz bulunması (sırasıyla; p=0,024, 0,008) olarak belirlendi. Primer tümörün volümetrik parametreleri ile toplam tümör yükü (MTVp, TLGp, MTVwb ve TLGwb) arasında, bir yıl ve beş yılda sağ kalanlar ve ölenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edildi. Alıcı işlem karakteristikleri analizinde, beş yıllık sağkalımı tahmin etmede en önemli hacimsel parametre eğrinin altındaki alan 0,771 ile MTVwb idi. Uzun süreli sağ kalanların belirlenmesinde MTVwb için en iyi kesim değeri %78 duyarlılık ve %75 özgüllük ile 36,1 mL olarak tespit edildi.ÖK’li hastaların evreleme anındaki

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between volumetric data obtained from staging 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET computerized tomography (CT) images with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), risk groups, Gleason Grade (GG) groups and presence of metastasis.We performed a retrospective analysis of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT images from 88 patients undergoing initial staging of prostate adenocarcinoma between January 2015 and September 2018. Images were evaluated in LIFEx software; PSMA involvement above the background activity in prostate gland, lymph node and other distant metastases was plotted with 40% SUVmax threshold, SUVmax, PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA) values were obtained.In all patients, there was a moderate correlation between PSA and PSMA-tumor volume whole-body (PSMA-TVwb) (P0.001, r = 0.580) and a high correlation between total lesion-PSMAwb (TL-PSMAwb) (P0.001, r = 0.636). Prostate PSMA-TV (PSMA-TVp) and TL-PSMA (PSMA-TVp) values were different in local and locally advanced/metastatic patients (P = 0.020 and 0.006, respectively). PSMA-TVp and TL-PSMAp values were significantly different in low-moderate and high-risk patients (P = 0.003 and0.001, respectively), and in patients with and without metastasis (P = 0.008 and0.001, respectively). PSMA-TVp, PSMA-TVwb, TL-PSMAp and TL-PSMAwb values were significantly different in patients with GG ≤3 and3 (P = 0.030, 0.002,0.001 and0.001, respectively).Pretreatment 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT volumetric parameters provides unique data to use in the clinical decision-making process of patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Urbanization models that do not comply with the planning criteria are affecting human lives. In urban areas, street trees have positive contributions to the ecosystem and human thermal comfort. In this study, the thermal comfort of the main streets that connect people to each other and provide access and transportation has been thermally explored. Cumhuriyet Street, which is one of the vibrant streets in Erzurum, was selected as a case study scenario in the winter and summer periods in 2018 by using the ENVI-met V. 4.4.2 winter model. A different green scenario is proposed, and the best thermal comfort scenario in both seasons is determined. The results show that, in the summer period, the air temperature of the greener street scenario is about 1.0 degrees C cooler than the existing condition and about 2.0 degrees C warmer in the winter period. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) value was better in narrow canyon streets in winter months, but in wide canyon streets in summer months. The green scenarios of wide canyon streets positively affect the outdoor thermal comfort in both seasons. These results clearly imply that green streets are an appropriate strategy for city streets that suffer from discomfort levels in cold winter and hot summer periods. It has been concluded that it is possible to increase thermal comfort through improvement in the open space in street and more suitable plant preferences for livable urbanization. Planning streets in a new city characterized by summer and winter seasons should take into consideration an accurate decision for providing a thermal comfort level and healthy urbanization.

Kentleşme gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. İnsanların yaklaşık üçte ikisi kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Kentleşmenin artması, kentsel alanlarda hem doğal hem de kültürel peyzaj kaynaklarına büyük baskılar oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözülmesi için mavi -yeşil altyapı kapsamında yapılacak doğru ve etkili planlamalar, küresel baskıları azaltamayı sağlayacaktır. Mavi-yeşil alt yapı çok yönlü olması ve bağlantılığı sağlamasıyla bu hedefin başarılmasında etkindir. Çalışmada, mavi- yeşil altyapı sistemleri hakkında dünya ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Erzurum’daki Mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen mevcut aktif yeşil alanların (86,43 ha) 2,28 m² olduğu kentte mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerinden, kentsel yeşil alanların yetersiz olduğu sayısal olarak görülmektedir. Ayrıca Erzurum kentinde diğer bileşenlerin de yetersizliği belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerini artırmaya yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kentleşmeyle birlikte artan kentsel ısı adası etkisi sıcak iklim bölgelerinde yazın daha fazla serinletme, soğuk iklim bölgerinde ise kışın daha fazla ısıtma talebiyle enerji kullanımının artmasına sebep olmuştur. Son yıllarda güneş enerjisinden en üst seviyede faydalanarak enerji tasarrufu sağlama, hava kirliliğini azaltmak için çözümler üretme, ısıtma ve soğutma maliyetlerini azaltmak için öneriler sunma ile ilgili birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Kentlerdeki yeşil alan varlığının fazla olması yansımayı azaltacağı için ısı adası etkisini de azaltmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle ağaçların soğutma etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Ancak soğuk iklim bölgeleri için ağaçların ortamın ısınmasına olan katkıları da incelenmelidir. Bu araştırma; yüksek rakım ve soğuk iklim şartlarının hakim olduğu Erzurum kentinde, yeni bir yerleşim alanı olan Yıldızkent mevkiinde bulunan bir site bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Bu site 16 adet villadan oluşmaktadır. Bu alanda, çevresinde bitki örtüsü bulunan bir evin birinci katına, güney ve kuzey cephelere 2 adet meteorolojik veri ölçüm cihazı yerleştirilmiştir. Aralık 2017’de araştırma alanından 24 saatlik mikroiklim verileri kaydedilmiş olup, ortalama değerleri hazırlanan senaryolar için ENVI-met yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Bu senaryolarda, binanın ağaçlar ile olan farklı mesafelerinin termal konfor üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mesafeler; binaya bitişik, 2m ve 4m olarak belirlenerek, hangi senaryonun konforlu olduğu analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ağaçlar ve bina arasındaki mesafe 2m olduğunda, ortamın sıcaklığının mevcut durumdan 9.2 °C daha sıcak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Verilere ait Tahmini Ortalama Oy (PMV) analizi ile insanlar tarafından hissedilir mevcut durum ve alternatif senaryolar için haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak termal konforlu ve termal stresin olmadığı durum bitkilerin binaya 2m ve 4m aralıklarla dikildiği senaryolar olup, 0.2-0.3 °C PMV değeri belirlenmiştir.

A 57-year-old man with newly diagnosed with prostate cancer was admitted to our department for 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT imaging. The patient, who was asymptomatic at the time of imaging, had increased diffuse 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake in the trachea on PET/CT. No ground-glass density suggestive of pneumonia in both lungs was observed. The patient, whose symptoms developed 2 days after PET/CT imaging, was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

The aim of this study is to predict the prognosis in patients with metastatic rectal cancer (mRC) by obtaining a model with machine learning (ML) algorithms through volumetric and radiomic data obtained from baseline 18-Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images.Sixty-two patients with mRC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging between January 2015 and January 2021 were evaluated using LIFEx software. The volume of interest (VOI) of the primary tumor was generated and volumetric and textural features were obtained from this VOI. In addition, metabolic tumor volume (tMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (tTLG) values of tumor foci in the whole body. Clinical and radiomic data were evaluated with ML algorithms to create a model that predicts survival. Significant associations between these features and 1-year and 2-year survival were investigated.Random forest algorithm was the most successful algorithm in predicting 2-year survival (AUC: 0.843, PRC: 0.822, and MCC: 0.583). The model obtained with this algorithm was able to predict 49 patients with 79.03% accuracy. While tMTV and tTLG values were successful in predicting 1-year survival (p: 0.002 and 0.007, respectively), texture characteristics from the primary tumor did not show a significant relationship with 1-year survival.In addition to the important role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in staging patients with mRC, this study shows that it is possible to predict survival with ML methods, with parameters obtained using texture analysis from the primary tumor and whole body volumetric parameters.

The scan demonstrated multiple linear and patchy hypermetabolic lesions in skeletal muscles, mimicking the coat of a tiger, and was referred to as "a tiger man" sign. A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with weakness, shortness of breath, and muscle pain. A CT scan showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the mass with a preliminary diagnosis of thymoma; heterogeneous 18F-FDG uptake in the mediastinal mass and tiger man findings in skeletal muscles were observed in PET/CT images.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. ThePreoperative PET/CT data of 66 patients with EC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into low and high-risk groups according to the European Society for Medical Oncology criteria. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVThe SUVSUV and volumetric parameters obtained from PET/CT, especially TLG, are strong predictors of tumor characteristics, such as MI and CSI, FIGO stages, and LNM, and are useful in noninvasively defining the risk groups in the preoperative period.Endometriyum kanserleri (EK) en sık görülen kadın genital sistemi malignitesidir.Preoperatif evreleme amaçlı PET/BT çekimi yapılan 66 EK tanılı hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.Yüksek ve düşük riskli hasta grupları arasında TLG, MTV ve SUV

Objective In this study, our aim was to evaluate the relationship of the quantitative data obtained from pretreatment 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET-computerized tomography (PET/CT) with treatment response of the patients with the diagnosis of metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT). Methods The patients who were given three or four cycles of 177Lu-PSMA RLT between January 2016 and June 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Volumetric data; PSMA tumor volume (TV) and total lesion (TL) PSMA, were obtained from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for whole (PSMA-TVT and TL-PSMA(T)). The distance between the two furthest lesions (D-max) was calculated. Posttreatment early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values on the fourteenth day after treatment were obtained. According to the PSA responses, the patients were divided into two groups as progressed and nonprogressed. In univariate analysis, the relationship of PET quantitative data with biochemical response groups was evaluated with Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results A total of 38 patients were included in the study. In univariate analysis, D-max, PSMA-TVT and TL-PSMA(T) values were obtained at lower levels in the progressed group. In multivariate analysis, only D-max was found to be a prognostic factor in predicting early biochemical response. Conclusion D-max is the most prognostic parameter in predicting the early biochemical response in patients with mCRPC; high total tumor volume and burden are also parameters that give us an idea about the response to treatment. The success rate will be higher if 177Lu-PSMA RLT treatment is planned for patients with higher tumor volume and spread.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the interreader agreement in evaluation 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT according to three current criteria European association of nuclear medicine, PROMISE with miTNM, and PSMA-RADS in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PC) patients. Methods The images of 101 patients who had been diagnosed with PC and underwent Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT at the time of initial staging were evaluated according to the three interpretation criteria by two nuclear medicine specialists. Local tumor, pelvic lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were evaluated separately. Abdominal lymph nodes, bone and visceral organ metastases were additionally evaluated as subregions of distant metastatic sites. Patients were evaluated in subgroups Gleason score >= 8 or prostate-specific antigen >= 20 ng/mL as the high-risk group (HR) and prostate-specific antigen

Objective This study evaluates the ability of several machine learning (ML) algorithms, developed using volumetric and texture data extracted from baseline F-18-FDG PET/CT studies performed initial staging of patient with esophageal cancer (EC), to predict survival and histopathology. Methods The initial staging F-18-FDG PET/CT images obtained on newly diagnosed EC patients between January 2008 and June 2019 were evaluated using LIFEx software. A region of interest (ROI) of the primary tumor was created and volumetric and textural features were obtained. A significant relationship between these features and pathological subtypes, 1-year, and 5-year survival was investigated. Due to the nonhomogeneity of the data, nonparametric test (The Mann-Whitney U test) was used for each feature, in pairwise comparisons of independent variables. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed for features with p < 0.05. Correlation between the significant features was evaluated with Spearman correlation test; features with correlation coefficient < 0.8 were evaluated with several ML algorithms. Results In predicting survival in a 1-year follow-up J48 was obtained as the most successful algorithm (AUC: 0.581, PRC: 0.565, MCC: 0.258, acc: 64.29%). 5-year survival results were more promising than 1-year survival results with (AUC: 0.820, PRC: 0.860, MCC: 271, acc: 81.36%) by logistic regression. It is revealed that the most successful algorithm was naive bayes (AUC: 0.680 PRC: 0.776, MCC: 0.298, acc: 82.66%) in the histopathological discrimination. Conclusion Texture analysis with ML algorithms could be predictive of overall survival and discriminating histopathological subtypes of EC.

Objective: This study evaluated how much of the myocardium was hibernating in patients with left ventricle dysfunction and/or comorbidities who planned to undergo either surgical or interventional revascularization. Furthermore, this study also identified which irrigation areas of the coronary arteries presented more scar and hibernating tissue. Methods: At rest, Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and cardiac F-18 FDG PET/CT images collected between March 2009 and September 2016 from 65 patients (55 men, 10 women, mean age 64±12) were retrospectively analyzed in order to evaluate myocardial viability. The areas with perfusion defects that were considered metabolic were accepted as hibernating myocardium, whereas areas with perfusion defects that were considered non-metabolic were accepted as scar tissue. Results: Perfusion defects were observed in 26% of myocardium, on average 48% were associated with hibernation whereas other 52% were scar tissue. In the remaining Tc-99m MIBI images, perfusion defects were observed in the following areas in the left anterior descending artery (LAD; 31%), in the right coronary artery (RCA; 23%) and in the Left Circumflex Artery (LCx; 19%) irrigation areas. Hibernation areas were localized within the LAD (46%), LCx (54%), and RCA (64%) irrigation areas. Scar tissue was also localized within the LAD (54%), LCx (46%), and RCA (36%) irrigation areas. Conclusion: Perfusion defects are thought to be the result of half hibernating tissue and half scar tissue. The majority of perfusion defects was observed in the LAD irrigation area, whereas hibernation was most often observed in the RCA irrigation area. The scar tissue development was more common in the LAD irrigation zone.

Due to increasingurbanization, the importance of open-green areas in cities is increasing infunctional, ecological, aesthetic, economic and socio-cultural terms. In recenttimes, the emergence of public garden applications is seen to be very useful interms of increasing urban open-green areas. However, there is a need for uniqueurban designs that are in tune with the natural and cultural resources of thecities and open to use all year round. The city of Erzurum is particularlyprivileged due to the extreme conditions that occur with high altitude.Therefore, new approaches are needed outside of the classical understanding inboth structural and vegetative designs and applications. The applications ofopen-green areas available in thecity as flexible andconvertible throughout the year are not sufficient. For this reason, publicoutdoor spaces that are easily accessible, cheap, year-round, comfortable,safe, active and passive recreation opportunities in our cities with extremeclimatic conditions such as Erzurum should be handled with a new understanding.In this study, the concept of closed landscaping was emphasized for the firsttime as a new concept for Erzurum, which is intended to be a model for ourregion and our country by evaluating the transformable indoor landscapes withfew examples in the world. As a result of this study, an architectural modelwas created for this purpose. In the complex, which will bring brand value andprovide recreational opportunities to the city people, the complex will besupported by open-green areas, ice museum, mini arberatum (plant museum), localhandicrafts museum and gastronomy. It is aimed to use the complex, light-greenareas defined for the first time as the concept of "Landscape 12"throughout the year. This original structure, which will constitute the firstexample of the indoor landscape application in our country, will not only meetthe recreational demands of the urban people, but will also contribute to thediversification of the city's tourism., Artan kentleşme hareketlerine bağlı olarak kentlerdeaçık-yeşil alanlarınn önemi işlevsel, ekolojik, estetik, ekonomik,sosyo-kültürel açıdan giderek artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan milletbahçesi uygulamaları kentsel açık-yeşil alanların artırılması açısından oldukçayararlı görülmektedir. Bununla beraber kentlerin doğal ve kültürel kaynakdeğerleri ile barışık ve bütün yıl boyu kullanıma açık, özgün kentseltasarımlara ihtiyaç vardır. Erzurum kenti özellikle yüksek rakımla beraber ortayaçıkan extrem ikli şartları nedeni ile diğer kentlerimizden ayrıcalıkgöstermektedir. Bundan dolayı dış mekanlarda gerek yapısal gerekse bitkiseltasarım ve uygulamalarda klasik anlayışın dışında yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaçduyulmaktadır. Kentte mevcut açık-yeşil alanların esnek ve dönüştürülebilirolarak bütün yıl boyu kullanımına yönelik uygulamalar yeterli değildir. Bunedenle Erzurum gibi extrem iklim şartlarına sahip kentlerimizde kolayerişilebilen, ucuz, yıl boyu kullanılbilen, konforlu, güvenli, aktif ve pasifrekreasyon fırsatlar sunan kamusal dış mekanlar yeni bir anlayışla elealınmlıdır. Bu çalışmada dünyadaki az sayıda örnekleri bulunandönüştürülebilen kapalı peyzaj alanları değerlendirilerek, bölgemize veülkemize bir model oluşturması hedeflenen Erzurum için yeni bir konsept olarakilk kez kapalı peyzaj kavramı üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda bu amacayönelik mimari bir model oluşturulmuştur. Kentte marka değeri kazandıracak vekent insanına tüm yıl boyunca rekreasyonel fırsatlar sunması hedeflenenkomplekste açık-yeşil alanlar, buz müzesi, mini arberatum (bitki müzesi),yöresel el sanatları müzesi, gastronomi vb. ünitelerle desteklenecektir. Peyzaj12 kavramı olarak ilk kez tanımlanan kompleks ile açık-yeşil alanların yıl boyukullanılması hedeflenmektedir. Ülkemzdeki kapalı peyzaj uygulamasının ilkörneğini oluşturacak bu özgün yapı, sadece kent halkının rekreasyoneltaleplerini karşılamakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda kentin turizminin deçeşitlendirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the different risk groups of prostate cancer (PCa) regarding the presence of metastasis and the gallium-68 prostate specific membrane antigen (One hundred thirty nine patients with newly diagnosed, untreated PCa who underwentThere were statistically significant differences between D'Amico risk groups in terms of prostate SUVmax levels. The SUVmax levels of the patients in the high risk group were significantly higher than the SUVmax levels of the patients in the low-medium risk groups (P0.001). Maximum standardized uptake value levels of the patients with PSA level 20ng/mL and above were significantly higher than those with PSA level below 20ng/mL (P0.001). The metastatic rate of patients withThe strong correlation between PSA values and/or Gleason score/Grade and SUVmax values suggests that the SUVmax value of the prostate gland might be a valuable determinant in risk classifications.

Objectives Radioiodine can be applied for remnant ablation in low and low to intermediate-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A controversy still exists about the application time interval of radioiodine following total thyroidectomy. In this study, we investigated the effect of radioiodine (RAI) therapy timing on the success rates of the ablation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of DTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and were treated with radioiodine remnant ablation during 2013-2017. Because the objective of this study was to determine the success of ablation according to the postoperative RAI therapy timing, any patients with a pathologic uptake outside the thyroid bed as well as high-risk patients determined before and at RAI therapy were excluded from the study. Finally, 503 patients with low and low to intermediate-risk groups were included in the study. Successful ablation was defined as no visible focal uptake on the neck on I-131 whole body scan with stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) level of < 1 ng/mL and a normal or undetectable antithyroglobulin antibody (ATG). The time interval from total thyroidectomy to RAI therapy (titRAI) was calculated as months for each patient. Results A total of 115 (22.9%) patients were in the low to intermediate-risk group whereas most of the patients were at the low-risk group according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015. Successful ablation was observed in 388 (77.1%) patients. The titRAI was 3 months in 352 (70.0%) patients. The ratio of successful ablation was statistically higher in patients with a titRAI > 3 months (81.2% of patients) than in patients with 0.5). Conclusion Investigated the effect of radioiodine therapy initiated before 3 months after total thyroidectomy and it seems to decrease ablation success.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of(18)F-FDG PET/CT texture analysis to predict the exact pathological outcome of thyroid incidentalomas. Methods F-18-FDG PET/CT images between March 2010 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed in patients with focal(18)F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland and who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy from this area. The focal uptake in the thyroid gland was drawn in 3D with 40% SUVmax threshold. Features were extracted from volume of interest (VOI) using the LIFEx package. The features obtained were compared in benign and malignant groups, and statistically significant variables were evaluated by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The correlation between the variables with area under curve (AUC) value over 0.7 was examined; variables with correlation coefficient less than 0.6 were evaluated with machine learning algorithms. Results Sixty patients (70% train set, 30% test set) were included in the study. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was observed in 6 conventional parameters, 5 first-, and 16 second-order features between benign and malignant groups in train set (p < 0.05). The feature with the highest benign-malignant discriminating power was GLRLM(RLNU)(AUC:0.827). AUC value of SUVmax was calculated as 0.758. GLRLM(RLNU)and SUVmax were evaluated to build a model to predict the exact pathology outcome. Random forest algorithm showed the best accuracy and AUC (78.6% and 0.849, respectively). Conclusion In the differentiation of benign-malignant thyroid incidentalomas, GLRLM(RLNU)and SUVmax combination may be more useful than SUVmax to predict the outcome.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) via the volumetric and texture data obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Methods In total, 110 patients who had undergone NCRT after initial PET/CT and followed by surgical resection were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly as a train set (n: 88) and test set (n: 22). Pathological response using three-point tumor regression grade (TRG) and metastatic lymph nodes in PET/CT images were determined. TRG1 were accepted as responders and TRG2-3 as non-responders. Region of interest for the primary tumors was drawn and volumetric features (metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) and texture features were calculated. In train set, the relationship between these features and TRG was investigated with Mann-WhitneyUtest. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed for features withp < 0.05. Correlation between features were evaluated with Spearman correlation test, features with correlation coefficient < 0.8 were evaluated with the logistic regression analysis for creating a model. The model obtained was tested with a test set that has not been used in modeling before. Results In train set 32 (36.4%) patients were responders. The rate of visually detected metastatic lymph node at baseline PET/CT was higher in non-responders than responders (71.4% and 46.9%, respectively,p = 0.022). There was a statistically significant difference between TLG, MTV, SHAPE_compacity, NGLDMcoarseness, GLRLM_GLNU, GLRLM_RLNU, GLZLM_LZHGE and GLZLM_GLNU between responders and non-responders. MTV and NGLDMcoarseness demonstrated the most significance (p = 0.011). A multivariate logistic regression analysis that included MTV, coarseness, GLZLM_LZHGE and lymph node metastasis was performed. Multivariate analysis demonstrated MTV and lymph node metastasis were the most meaningful parameters. The model's AUC was calculated as 0.714 (p = 0.001,0.606-0.822, 95% CI). In test set, AUC was determined 0.838 (p = 0.008,0.671-1.000, 95% CI) in discriminating non-responders. Conclusions Although there were points where textural features were found to be significant, multivariate analysis revealed no diagnostic superiority over MTV in predicting treatment response. In this study, it was thought higher MTV value and metastatic lymph nodes in PET/CT images could be a predictor of low treatment response in patients with LARC.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of (18)F-FDG PET/CT texture analysis to predict the exact pathological outcome of thyroid incidentalomas. METHODS: (18)F-FDG PET/CT images between March 2010 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed in patients with focal (18)F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland and who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy from this area. The focal uptake in the thyroid gland was drawn in 3D with 40% SUVmax threshold. Features were extracted from volume of interest (VOI) using the LIFEx package. The features obtained were compared in benign and malignant groups, and statistically significant variables were evaluated by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The correlation between the variables with area under curve (AUC) value over 0.7 was examined; variables with correlation coefficient less than 0.6 were evaluated with machine learning algorithms. RESULTS: Sixty patients (70% train set, 30% test set) were included in the study. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was observed in 6 conventional parameters, 5 first-, and 16 second-order features between benign and malignant groups in train set (p

Universities perform a series of socio-economic and cultural functions in addition to beingeducational institutions. It is of great importance to provide a livable outdoor for academic staff and particularlyfor students through suitable landscape designs in university campuses. In campuses, particularly those whichtake place in cities with cold climate such as Erzurum, people long for spending time outside at short intervalsof comfortable seasons since winters last for long. This study was carried out in order to reveal user satisfactionfor pre-design and post-design of open green field at Atatürk University where landscape design was performed.Therefore, two questionnaires were conducted to students, academic staff, and officers at different time. Accordingto the results, it was pointed out that users found the field as being poor in terms of visuality (74.2) and botanicaldesign (71.6) before landscape design. In this sense, it was concluded that it is really needed such a design that willoffer more comfortable service for the students and academic staff who are the primary users of this field. In fact,through the questionnaire carried out after landscape design, it was demonstrated that user satisfaction has arisen,75.6% of the participants believe that landscape design is of necessity, and the field which was designed has broughtprestige for the university., Üniversiteler eğitim ve öğretim kurumları olmalarının yanı sıra aynı zamanda sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürelbir dizi işlevleri yerine getirmektedir. Üniversite yerleşkelerinde uygun peyzaj tasarımlarıyla başta öğrenciler olmaküzere eğitim ve öğretim kadrosuna yaşanabilir dış mekan oluşturulması oldukça önemlidir. Özelikle Erzurum gibisoğuk iklim şartlarına sahip yerleşkelerde kışları uzun geçmesinden dolayı kısa olan konforlu iklim aralıklarında dışmekanda zaman geçirmeye karşı olan özlem daha fazla olmaktadır. Bu çalışma Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesinde,merkezi açık yeşil alanda peyzaj tasarımı yapılan alanın yapım öncesi ve yapım sonrası kullanıcı memnuniyetiniortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, öğrenciler, öğretim üyeleri ve memurlarla farklı dönemlerde 2anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre peyzaj tasarımı yapılmadan önce kullanıcıların alanı görsel(74.2) ve bitkisel tasarım yönünden zayıf buldukları (71.6) saptanmıştır. Bu nedenlerle, bu alanın önceliklikullanıcıları olan öğrenci ve üniversite çalışanlarına daha konforlu hizmet sunacak bir duruma getirecek bir tasarımyapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Nitekim peyzaj tasarım uygulaması sonrası yapılan anketlerlekullanıcı memnuniyetinin arttığı, katılımcıların %75.6’sının alanda yapılan tasarımın gerekli olduğuna inandıklarıve tasarım yapılan bu alanın üniversiteye prestij kazandırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric therapy response via Ga-68 PSMA I&T PET/CT in patients treated with Lu-177 PSMA I&T therapy. The secondary purpose was to determine the impact of volumetric parameter responses to overall survival. Methods PSMA tumor volumes (PSMA-TV) and tumor lesion PSMA expressions (TL-PSMA) were calculated with a semi-automatic program on Ga-68 PSMA I&T PET/CT images that were obtained before and after Lu-177 PSMA I&T therapies with 19 patients. The median overall survival was compared with PSMA-TV, TL-PSMA, SUVmax, PSA, and alteration in PERCIST criteria. Results PSMA-TV values were decreased in 12 patients (63%), and TL-PSMA values were decreased in 15 patients (79%) following the therapy. The SUVmax and the PSA values were also decreased in 14 (74%) and 10 (53%) patients, respectively. The complete remission (CR) was observed in two patients (10%). The partial response (PR) and progressive disease were observed in 6 (32%) and 11 (58%) patients, respectively, according to PRECIST criteria. The survival rates were statistically significant in patients with a decrease in PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA values than patients without any decrease (p 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). However, the survival rates did not differ in responders (PR or CR) and non-responders according to the PERCIST criteria (p 0.232). The survival rates did not also differ in responders and non-responders according to the SUVmax and PSA values (p 0.140, p 0.206, respectively). Conclusions Molecular and volumetric parameters are beneficial in the assessment of Lu-177 PSMA I&T therapy response. Although the number of patients is small, TL-PSMA response, which includes both the tumor volume and PSMA expression in tumor, may be considered as the most valuable parameter for the evaluation of the therapy response and the prediction of survival rate.

Kentleşme hareketlerine bağlı olarak kentselmekanlarda nüfus yoğunluğu giderek artmaktadır. Bu süreçte kentsel açık yeşilalanlar kent sağlığı, kent ekolojisi ve kent estetiği açısından önemkazanmıştır. Bu alanların kentteki dağılımları, büyüklükleri, donatıları,estetik, ekolojik ve işlevsel özellikleri kadar yıl boyu kent halkına hizmetvermeleri de önemlidir. Erzurum kentinde kış ayları çok soğuk ve uzun olduğuiçin insanlar uzun süre kapalı mekanlarda yaşamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu durumkent merkezinde ve yakın çevresindeki rekreasyonel alanlara olan istekleriarttırmaktadır. Kent halkının dış mekan kullanımlarındaki seçimleri, bualanlarda hangi rekreasyonel tesisleri istedikleri, alışveriş merkezlerinegidiş nedenleri, uygun dış mekan düzenlemelerinin olması durumunda mekankullanım isteklerinin hangi yönde olacağı gibi eğilimleri belirlemek amacıylabir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anketler Şubat ve Mart 2018 aylarında bire biryapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kent merkezindeki parkların yeterliolmadığı (%78,8) sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%86.4)kış aylarında dış mekanda yapacak çok fazla etkinlik olanağı olmadığı içinalışveriş merkezlerini daha çok kullandıkları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yaşammekanları yakınında istenilen dış mekan alan kullanımlarına bakıldığında isekatılımcıların %36.1’i park alanlarını ve %23.1’i kışın kullanabilecekleri kapalıçocuk oyun alanları istenmektedir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kentparklarından özellikle kış aylarında da yararlanılmasına yönelik soğuk iklimbölgelerinde yıl boyu peyzajın kullanılabileceği yeni peyzaj tasarımlarınaihtiyaç duyulduğu fikri üzerinde durulmuştur., Population density is increasing in urban areasdue to urbanization movements. In this process, urban green areas have gainedimportance in terms of urban health, urban ecology and urban aesthetics. It isalso important that these areas serve for the city population all year long, aswell as their distribution, size, equipment, aesthetics, ecological andfunctional characteristics. Since the winter months are long and extreme inErzurum, people have to live in closed areas for a long time. This situationincreases the demand for recreational areas in the city center and itssurroundings. A survey was conductedin order to determine the tendencies in which the urban people used theiroutdoor uses, which recreational facilities they wanted in these areas, thereasons for going to shopping centers, the direction of use of space in case ofappropriate outdoor arrangements. The surveys were conducted one by one inFebruary and March 2018. As a result of the research, it was concluded that theparks in the city center were not sufficient (78.8%). The majority of the participants(86.4%) stated that they prefer shopping centers because there is not muchactivity to do outside in the winter months. 36.1% of the participants demandparking spaces near living spaces and 23.1% of them require indoor playgroundsfor children to use in winter. As a result of the research, it was emphasizedthe necessity of the closed landscape parks in the cold climate regions for theuse of urban parks especially in winter months.