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EgeUn###, Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey. Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently. Results: Overall prevalence of any psychopathology was 37.6% without impairment criterion, and 17.1% with impairment criterion. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by anxiety (19.5% and 16.7% without impairment, 12.4% and 5.3% with impairment, respectively). Lower education level and presence of a physical or psychiatric problem of the parents were independent predictors of any psychopathology of the offspring. Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group.

Objective: Although a strong inflammatory basis has been demonstrated, the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been defined clearly. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), one of the inflammatory disruptors, plays a role in the etiology of ADHD. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 50 patients aged 7–13 years, diagnosed with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, without any chronic or other psychiatric disease, and 25 healthy controls. Parents of the children in the study group completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale—Revised Short, and teachers completed the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale—Revised Short. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure suPAR levels in plasma samples. Results: The mean plasma suPAR level of patients with ADHD was 2.92+-1.74 ng/ml, the suPAR level of the controls was 2.54+-1.05 ng/ml, and there was no significant difference in suPAR levels between ADHD and controls (Z=0.084, p=0.933). No correlation was found between plasma suPAR levels and ADHD severity as assessed by Conners' parent and teacher scales. Conclusion: The role of inflammatory systems and mediators in ADHD was emphasized in many studies, and many important data on ADHD etiopathology were obtained. However, we found no significant relationship between ADHD and suPAR levels. Further research is needed with large samples.

GOKCEN, CEM/0000-0003-3824-5890; Topal, Zehra/0000-0001-8397-5636; Tural, Umit/0000-0002-1593-2180; Unal, Fatih/0000-0001-8386-9884; Acikel, Burak/0000-0002-8964-9513; Erden, Semih/0000-0002-7723-9584; Kilic, Birim Gunay/0000-0002-4566-2564; Ucar, Halit Necmi/0000-0002-2706-7454; CELIK, GONCA/0000-0001-6101-0796; Gunes, Serkan/0000-0002-8247-2145; Isik, Umit/0000-0001-6006-3247; Coskun, Murat/0000-0002-4808-5870; Tufan, ALI EVREN/0000-0001-5207-6240; Donmez, Yunus Emre/0000-0002-7785-2805; Ceri, Veysi/0000-0001-6152-0227; Uzun, Necati/0000-0003-3381-2331; Hesapcioglu, Selma Tural/0000-0002-4816-0228; Kandemir, Hasan/0000-0002-1138-4973; Gormez, Vahdet/0000-0002-2704-9520 WOS: 000439557000070 PubMed: 29936389 Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population. Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher. Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment. Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the plasma levels of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), leptin and ghrelin and in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigate the neurobiological mechanisms beneath side effects of methylphenidate such as lack of appetite, weight loss and/or decrease in weight gain. Methods: Thirty children diagnosed as ADHD with DSM-5 and 21 healthy children similar to study group with age and gender were included in the study. All subjects are evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). All parents filled sociodemographic data form, also parents of the chil-dren with ADHD filled Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). ADHD group evaluated with Barkley Stimulant Side Effect Evaluation Form after two months of extended release methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) therapy. Plasma NPY, leptin and ghrelin levels were evaluated in control group for once and in ADHD group for twice, before and 2 months after treatment with enzyme-like immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: In our study, when plasma leptin, ghrelin and NPY levels of healthy controls and ADHD group were compared; NPY level was lower in the ADHD group. Compared with healthy controls, post-treatment ADHD group leptin level was observed to be lower. In the ADHD group, only NPY level was found to be higher after treatment than before treatment. Conclusion: It was observed that NPY levels were found to be lower in the ADHD group than in the healthy group, and plasma levels increased after treatment. In addition, leptin and ghrelin levels not changed after treatment. Thus, further studies with larger study groups are needed whether these changes will be more meaningful when the treatment duration is prolonged. New studies may reveal neurobiological mechanisms beneath loss of appetite and/or weight loss associated with methylphenidate treatment.

Bazı akademik çalışmalar, kültürel üretim yapılan sektörlerdeki iş tanımlarını, çalışanların kendilerini meslekleri ile tanımlama yöneliminin daha fazla olması ve üretilenlerin değerlendirilme aşamasındaki belirsizlikler gibi bazı özellikleri yüzünden diğer sektörlerdeki iş tanımlarından ayırmış ve bu sektörleri kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edebilmek için çalışanların tecrübelerine başvurulması gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. Bahsedilen çalışmaların izinden gidilerek bu tez çalışmasında 17 belgeselci ile yapılan mülakatlar aracılığıyla belgeselcilerin sektör ve çalışma koşulları hakkında yorum yaparken kullandıkları yollar incelenmiş; böylece ülkenin belgeselcilik sektörü değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak belgeselcilerin yaptıkları değerlendirmelerin Türkiye'de üretilen belgesellerin sayısının az olması ve kalitesinin yeterli miktarda olmaması konuları üzerinde yoğunlaştığı ve bu konuların çoğu zaman diğer ülkelerde (genellikle Batı ülkelerinde) üretilen belgeseller ile Türkiye'deki belgeseller arasında karşılaştırma yapılarak tartışıldığı fark edilmiştir. Fakat Türkiye'de belgeselcilik hakkındaki akademik kaynaklara ve resmi kayıtlara bakıldığında son yıllarda üretilen çok sayıda belgesel olduğu görülmekte ve bu belgesellerin içerisinde iyi kalitede belgesellerin olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu kaynaklarda belgesellerin sayısı veya kalitesinin yanı sıra dağıtımındaki ve izlenirliğindeki sorunlara da dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, bahsedilen iki farklı bakış açısının olası nedenleri ve sonuçları Garbiyatçılık literatüründen faydalanarak tartışılmıştır: Belgeselcilik koşullarını sürekli olarak başka bağlamlar ile (çoğu kez Batı ülkelerindeki sektörler ile) karşılaştıran ve Türkiye'de üretilen belgesellerin kalitesine bu şekilde karar veren söylemin belgesellerin dağıtımı ve izlenirliği hakkındaki problemleri görmezden geldiği ve böylece olası çözüm yollarını gizliyor olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. In order to provide critique of a creative cultural work, besides focusing on political and economic organization of a cultural industry or the content of its end products, some scholars highlighted the importance of focusing on subjective experiences of workers. They argue experiences of the workers must be more in the foreground due to some of characteristics of the work that makes it more complex than other types of work, such as its impacts on the self-esteem of workers or the ambivalent criteria for deciding on the quality of end products of cultural industries. By embracing these perspectives in the literature, with the help of discourses in the empirical data gathered by interviewing with 17 documentary filmmakers, this thesis analyzes subjective experiences of the documentary filmmakers producing in Turkey and accordingly, documentary filmmaking sector of the country. This thesis argues that the focus of discourses is on the insufficiency of the quantity and quality of documentaries produced in Turkey. However, the literature about documentary filmmaking in Turkey and official accounts address the non-negligible number of documentaries being produced annually in Turkey and they highlight the satisfaction of the audiences and critics on the quality of documentaries. These accounts rather address other kinds of problems such as the visibility and distribution of the documentaries. This thesis argues that the framework of Occidentalism could be useful to discuss the impacts of these discourses and reason of the difference between two tendencies: Discourses that are focusing on the quality and quantity of the documentaries, mostly by emphasizing either being a country that has a strong tradition of cultural production (like 'Western countries') or not, can trap the discussion about the genre. As a result, they can be paving the way of de-emphasizing other kinds of urgent problems of the sector in the country, such as the visibility and distribution of the documentaries. 104

This study evaluates the associations among the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD) in the context of their relationships with reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 342 treatment-naive children with ADHD. The severity of ADHD and DBD symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated inventories. Anxiety sensitivity, reactive-proactive aggression and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of children were evaluated by self-report inventories. According to structural equation modeling, depression and anxiety scores had a relation with the DBD scores through reactive-proactive aggression. Results also showed a negative relation of the total scores of anxiety sensitivity on DBD scores, while conduct disorder scores had a positive relation with anxiety scores. This study suggests that examining the relations of reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity with internalizing and externalizing disorders could be useful for understanding the link among these disorders in ADHD.

Introduction Numerous factors including anxiety, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and depression were reported to be relevant to the aggression both for disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD) in children and for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the pathways through which they act are insufficiently understood. Objectives To investigate the role of anxiety, AS, and depression in the relationship between aggression and DBD symptoms in ADHD children. Methods The sample consisted of 342 treatment naive children with ADHD aged 9-17 years. ADHD severity and comorbid DBD were assessed via parent and teacher rated Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale. Severity of anxiety, AS, depression, and reactive and proactive agression of children were evaluated by self-report inventories. The association between DBD and other psychiatric variables was evaluated with two separate structural equation models. Results Relationships of psychiatric variables and DBD symptoms were presented in Figures 1 and 2. Discussion: These results may suggest the presence of a vicious circle between anxiety, reactive aggression and DBD in ADHD children. However, global AS seems to have a protective effect on the development of DBD, probably due to its role in aversive conditioning. Download : Download full-size image Download : Download full-size image Figure . Structural model for the perdictores of parent-rated disruptice behavioural disorders symptoms in children with ADHD