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Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, travmatik pnömotoraks gelişen çocukların demografik özelliklerini, klinik karakteristiklerini, uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerini değerlendirmek ve konuyla ilgili tecrübelerimizi paylaşmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Travmatik pnömotoraks nedeniyle tedavi edilen çocukların dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, travmanın mekanizmaları, nedeni, pnömotoraks olan taraf, pnömotoraksın izole olup olmadığı, yatış süreleri, tedavi yöntemleri, göğüs tüpü süresi, mekanik ventilatöre bağlanıp bağlanmadığı, eşlik eden diğer sistem travmaları araştırıldı. Kız ve erkek cinsiyet arasında, önce künt ve penetran travmalar ardından izole ve izole olmayan toraks travmaları arasındaki farklılıklar araştırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS versiyon 21 ile yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak p, Objective: Aim of our study is to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment modalities of children with traumatic pneumothorax and to share our experiences.Material and Methods: Files of children treated for traumatic pneumothorax were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, mechanism of trauma, causes, side of pneumothorax, length-of-stay in hospital, treatment modalities, chest-tube duration, need for mechanical ventilation and other accompanying traumas were investigated. Differences between genders, blunt and penetrating traumas, and isolated and non-isolated thoracic traumas were investigated, respectively. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 21. p

Introduction The aim of this study was to make the differential diagnosis between acute appendicitis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) for patients presenting with the complaint of acute abdominal pain (AAP) and to identify the determining factors for the diagnosis of MIS-C. Materials and Methods Eighty-one children presenting with AAP/suspected AAP were evaluated. Of these, 24 (29.6%) were included in the MIS-C group (MIS-C/g) and 57 were included in the suspected appendicitis group (S-A/g), which consisted of two subgroups: appendicitis group (A/g) and control observation group (CO/g). Results Comparing MIS-C/g, A/g, and CO/g, duration of abdominal pain (2.4, 1.5, 1.8 days), high-grade fever (38.8, 36.7, 37°C), severe vomiting, and severe diarrhea were higher in MIS-C/g. Lymphocytes count (LC) was lower, while values of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and coagulopathy were higher in MIS-C/g (p Conclusion The duration of abdominal pain, presence of high-grade and prolonged fever, and evaluation of hemogram in terms of high neutrophil count and low LC exhibit high sensitivity and negative predictive value for MIS-C presenting with AAP. In case of doubt, inflammatory markers such as CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, and serology for SARS-CoV-2 should be studied to confirm the diagnosis.

Burned children generally arrive at emergency departments before referring to specialized burn centers. Their initial treatments are performed by non-burn doctors who work in emergency departments. The aim of this study was to evaluate emergency department doctors’ knowledge regarding the initial interventions and transfer of pediatric burn patients. There were 196 participants who completed the survey: 59 were emergency medicine specialists, 46 were general practitioners, and 91 were emergency medicine residents. Sixty-five stated that they always calculate the burn surface areas, and 144 stated that the Parkland formula should be used to calculate the fluid requirements for the first 24 hours. Of all participants, only 21 marked the correct choice as the Lund–Browder scheme to calculate the total burned surface area in children. Only 52 participants marked the correct choice as the Lactated Ringer’s of the fluid given in the first 24 hours. Only 108 correctly recognized inhalation injury. To the question “What is the first intervention that doctors should do at the emergency room to burned children?,” 127 participants stated correctly as the assessment of airway maintenance. Among the participants, 124 stated that they use lidocaine pomades when covering burned children’s wounds. Incorrect interventions with burned children increase morbidity and mortality. This survey shows that non-burn doctors working in emergency departments have insufficient knowledge about pediatric burns and require further training. Therefore, they should be trained continuously and regularly on the approach to both adult and childhood burns.

Gur-Cetinkaya P, Cagdas-Ayvaz DN, Oksuz AB, Ertoy A, Hayran U, Ozkan F, Erol M, Tezcan I. Advantage of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in primary immunodeficient patients with or without secondary protein loss. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 270-276. In recent years subcutaneous immunoglobulin is widely used for primary immunodeficient patients. Subcutaneous administration provides a more stable and higher serum immunoglobulin levels due to continuous and steady transition from lymphatics to the systemic circulation. We aimed to evaluate the changes in serum immunoglobulin levels under subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency with or without secondary protein loss. Nine patients with primary immunodeficiency who switched to subcutaneous immunoglobulin were enrolled. Age, gender, diagnosis, reasons of transition to subcutaneous route, reasons of secondary protein loss were recorded. A questionnaire consisting of frequencies and types of infections, side effects observed with intravenous and subcutaneous routes; date and reason of transition to subcutaneous route were asked to all participants. Serum immunoglobulin levels at the 3rd and the 6th months before and after subcutaneous route were recorded. Of the 9 patients (M/F=4/5) the median age was 12 years (6.1-28.7) and 5 of them had protein loss. In total, 444 injections were applied, and all patients experienced local reactions. Infections were more frequent under intravenous than subcutaneous route (p=0.004). We observed an increase in immunoglobulin levels under subcutaneous route (p=0.069 at 3rd; p=0.13 at 6th month). This increase was evident at the 3rd month of transition to subcutaneous route in patients with protein loss (p=0.080). There was an increase in serum immunoglobulin levels under subcutaneous route. However, increase was not statistically significant since the study group was small. This increment was prominent in patients with protein loss. Subcutaneous administration may be a good alternative for primary immunodeficient patients with protein loss who have persistent low serum immunoglobulin levels despite increments in the intravenous immunoglobulin doses.