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International audience; Within a p-i-n LED structure, energy band gaps of MOCVD grown %10 In content InGaN and GaN layers were obtained through traditional UV–Visible transmission-absorption measurements and utilizing surface photovoltage (SPV) and spectral photoconductivity (SPC) measurements. Moreover, all applied techniques determined that the total band offset between InGaN and GaN layers were around 0.3–0.4 eV. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of band gaps of each InGaN and GaN layer was analyzed through a modified Varshni relation where both Varshni coefficients and band tail energy width were explored. Band tails in a modified Varshni relation, SPV and SPC measurements were in agreement with each other and originated Franz-Keldysh Effect attributed to the presence of photon assisted tunneling.

Determination of the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is necessary before clinical applications. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of MSCs on cytokines secreted by the immune system cells. Intracellular cytokine levels (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Interleukin-17 (IL-17)) detected by flow cytometry before and after co-culture between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MCSs. At the same time, supernatant cytokine levels were measured using the ELISA. In our study, MSCs were isolated from cord blood (CB) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), and their surface markers (CD44 (100%), CD73 (99.6%), CD90 (100%), CD105 ( 88%)) shown by flow cytometry method. Both CB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs were used in co-culture MSC/PBMC ratios of 1/5 and 1/10, incubation times of 24 hours and 72 hours. In the present study, when we compared co-cultures of CB-MSC or WJ-MSC with PBMCs, intracellular levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17 (pro-inflamatory) and IL-4 (anti-inflamatory) were increased and supernatant levels were decreased significantly (p

International audience; Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements were carried out to detect radiative and non-radiative transitions on InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) blue light-emitting device (LED). The emissions, peaking at 3.03 eV and 2.89 eV, were present in both PL and SPV spectrum and shifted with the temperature in a decrease-increase-decrease manner; the so-called S-shaped behavior between 30-150 K. Remarkably, the shift continued with an increase in energy (blue shift) and finally saturated for a temperature above 150 K. The first variation below 150 K was explained by the composition fluctuation of In atom in the InGaN MQW layer. In contrast, the second significant shift in peak energy was caused to the localization effect, around 60 meV. The degree of localized (σ) value agreed with the activation energy of thermal quenching of PL intensity. A strong localization effect was also attributed to the sub-bandgap trap level in the quantum well and originated negative capacitance in admittance spectroscopy measurement.

Bu çalışma özel ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenlerin yetenek yönetimine yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma geleneklerinden durum çalışması deseninin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, özel okullarda görev yapan 10 okul yöneticisi ve 10 öğretmen ile yüz yüze yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yöntemleri doğrultusunda kodlanarak 7 temada toplanmış, betimsel ve içerik analizi uygulandıktan sonra her temaya ilişkin alt temalar oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda yetenek yönetimi kavramı temasında;okul yöneticileri kurumun hedeflerini öne çıkaran görüşlere daha fazla katılım gösterirken, öğretmenler kişisel gelişimi öne çıkaran ifadeleri daha fazla belirtmişlerdir. Yetenek yönetimine duyulan ihtiyaç temasında okul yöneticileri; başarılı ve verimli çalışma ortamı, rekabet, çağa ayak uydurma, kuruma bağlılık ve planlı yönetim süreci elde etme gibi unsurların yetenek yönetimine duyulan ihtiyacı artırdığını belirtirmiştir. Öğretmenler bu nedenleri, iş anlayışının değişmesi, bilgi teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler,rekabetve bireysel farklılıkları yönetme olarak belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; özel okullarda yetenek yönetimi kültürünün oluşturulabilmesi için gerekli eğitim ve seminerlerin verilmesi, bu eğitim ve seminerlerin devlet okulları ile iş birliği yapılarak projeleştirilmesi önerilebilir. This study was carried out to examine the opinions of administrators and teachers working in private primary and secondary education institutions on talent management. In the study, 10 school administrators and 10 teachers working in private schools were interviewed. With the obtained data, 7 themes were determined, and sub-themes were created by descriptive and content analysis. As a result of the interviews, school administrators participated more in the views that highlight the goals of the institution in the concept of talent management, while teachers stated more expressions that emphasize personal development. In the theme of“the need for talent management”school administrators stated that factors such as successful and productive working environment, competition, keeping up with the times, commitment to the institution and obtaining a planned management process increase the need for talent management. Teachers stated these reasons as the change in business understanding, developments in information technologies, competition and managing individual differences. According to the findings to create a culture of talent management in private schools, it may be suggested to give necessary trainings and seminars and to design these trainings and seminars in cooperation with public schools.

Ulusal ve uluslararası bazı kanun ve yönetmeliklerde, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları klinik araştırmaları sırasında uyulması gereken birçok hüküm bulunmaktadır. Bu hükümlere aykırı davranan ve gönüllü deneklerin kişilik haklarını ihlâl eden araştırmacıların Türk Medenî Kanunumuzda hüküm altına alınmış kişiliği koruyucu davalar ve kişilik hakkı ihlâli sonucu açılabilen davalar ile karşı karşıya kalması kaçınılmazdır. Kişilik hakkı değerleri insan üzerinde geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları klinik araştırmalarıyla ilişkilendirildiğinde, en temel ve ihlâl edilmesi en muhtemel değerler, T.C. Anayasası ve uluslararası sözleşmelerle de güvence altına alınmış olan, yaşam, sağlık ve vücut bütünlüğü değerleridir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarında klinik araştırmaların kişilik hakkı ile ilişkilendirilmesi ve geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarının klinik araştırmalarında kişilik haklarının nasıl korunacağı incelenmiştir.

Formation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) quasi-Bessel beams on a piezoelectric substrate through superposition of plane waves generated by interdigital transducers tilted symmetrically about the propagation axis is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Acting as an axicon, the tilted transducers provide a facile way for quasi-Bessel beam generation. Finite-element method simulations reveal that non-diffracting Bessel beams, whose length and width are 193 and 1.38 wavelengths, respectively, can be obtained on a YX-128∘ lithium niobate substrate for an axicon angle of 15 degrees. The corresponding values for 20 degrees are 146 and 1.05 wavelengths, respectively. For a wavelength of approximately 300 micrometers, transmission spectra show that Bessel beam formation can be achieved at frequencies around 13.3 MHz. Bessel beam is visualized through a thin liquid film of methanol on the substrate. SAW Bessel beams can be utilized in acoustophoresis in microfluidic systems and sensing applications.

In this paper, the effects of annealing temperature on the performance of a ZnO thin film-based Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) type ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is reported. ZnO thin films were grown on a glass substrate using the Pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Deposition (PFCVAD) technique at room temperature and after the deposition process the samples were annealed at 400, 450 and 550 °C in air condition to investigate the annealing effect on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the photodetector. ZnO thin films which have grains in nanometer range has an increasing in the diameter of grains from 10.5 to 18.3 nm as a function of annealing temperature results in a red shift in the cut-off wavelength of the photodetector from 3.25 eV (381 nm) to 3.23 eV (383 nm). It is demonstrated that the sensitivity and the speed (rise/fall times) of the ZnO thin film based MSM photodetectors enhances with increasing post growth annealing temperature of ZnO thin film due to the increase in the absorption coefficient and the decrease of the total area of the grain boundaries due to the larger grain sizes formation in ZnO thin films with increasing thermal annealing temperature.

WOS: 000431261100035, PubMed ID: 29714467, Background/aim: The aim of this study was to combine some easy and economical defined methods and constitute a comprehensive cell culture model to use in the bowel diseases characterized by inflammation. Materials and methods: Induction of inflammation was performed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a cytokine mixture (TNF-alpha: 10 ng/mL; IFN-gamma: 100 ng/mL; IL-1 beta: 1 ng/mL). IEC-6 cells were grown to confluence and serum-starved, wounds were constituted, and progress of cell migration into the wounds was photographed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h in the presence or absence of an inflammatory environment. Cells were then grown and multiple scratches were performed to replicate the conditions of migration assay. Nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions were assessed. Results: Cells covered 88% of the initial wound at 24 h in the control group, 54% in the LPS group, and 35% in the cytokine mixture group. LPS and the cytokine mixture were also found to independently increase iNOS and COX-2 expressions. Conclusion: Our study, being inexpensive and practical, describes a model that integrates some methods to constitute a basic model for bowel diseases characterized by inflammation. It can be integrated as a preliminary experiment for etiopathogenesis and drug research studies., Research Foundation of Ege University, Izmir, TurkeyEge University [2012-TIP-053], This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Ege University (Project No: 2012-TIP-053), Izmir, Turkey. The authors thanks Prof Dr Mehmet Orman (Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics) for his contribution in statistical analysis of the study data. Some of the data given in this article were presented as a poster presentation at the 22nd National Congress of Pharmacology, Antalya, Turkey.

WOS: 000417293400016, Flavopiridol is a synthetically produced flavonoid that potently inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cell lines. Flavopiridol exerts strong antitumor activity via several mechanisms, including the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and the modulation of transcriptional regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of flavopiridol on a subpopulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)44(+)/CD24(-) human breast cancer MCF7 stem cells. The CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells were isolated from the MCF7 cell line by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and treated with 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1,000 nM flavopiridol for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability and proliferation assays were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of flavopiridol. Gene expression profiling was analyzed using Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip microarray. According to the results, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of flavopiridol was 500 nM in monolayer cells. Flavopiridol induced growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) at the IC50 dose. The present study revealed several differentially regulated genes between flavopiridol-treated and untreated cells. The result of the pathway analysis revealed that flavopiridol serves an important role in translation, the ribosome biogenesis pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain pathway, carbon metabolism and cell cycle. A notable result from the present study is that ribosome-associated gene expression is significantly affected by flavopiridol treatment. The data of the present study indicate that flavopiridol exhibits antitumor activity against CD44(+)/CD24(-) MCF7 BCSCs through different mechanisms, mainly by inhibiting translation and the ribosome biogenesis pathway, and could be an effective chemotherapeutic molecule to target and kill BCSCs.

This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of in vivo administration of immunosuppressive agent FK-506 (tacrolimus) on the endothelial function of rat thoracic aortas with respect to nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In vitro effect of the drug on NO synthesis in cultured rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) was also studied.In vivo administration of tacrolimus (1 mg/kg/d, intramuscular) to rats for 14 days resulted in decreased relaxant responses to the higher concentrations (1 to 30 muM) of acetylcholine in the aortas; however, responses to calcium ionophore A23187, sodium nitroprusside, L-arginine, and L-NAME did not change significantly. No changes were observed in phenylephrine-induced contractions in endothelium-denuded or -intact preparations. Administration of the vehicle for 14 days did not affect these parameters. In order to evaluate the in vitro effect of tacrolimus on NO release, CMEC isolated from rat hearts were incubated with either tacrolimus (0.01, 0.1 microM) or the vehicle. Basal, calcium ionophore-stimulated, or interleukin-1 beta-induced NO synthesis was determined by measuring total nitrite in the media. Neither tacrolimus nor the vehicle changed nitrite accumulation. It has been concluded that therapeutic concentrations of tacrolimus do not alter NO production in rat thoracic aorta or cultured CMEC; however, it impairs relaxant responses of rat aorta induced by higher concentrations of acetylcholine, possibly through changes in the downstream of receptor activation or through an imbalance between endothelium-dependent relaxant and contracting factors within the endothelium in favor of the contracting factor(s).

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent its clinical use is restricted due to its organ toxicities. The present investigation relates to reducing DOX induced side effects to the liver, kidney and ileum by usage of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, resveratrol (RES) and to investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the process. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (saline i.p); DOX (20 mg/kg i.p), RES (20 mg/kg i.p) and DOX (20mg/kg i.p)+RES (20 mg/kg i.p). Immunohistochemical activity of both iNOS and eNOS were evaluated after DOX treatment and ultrastructural changes such as cellular damage and mitochondrial degeneration were evaluated. Degenerative ultrastructural changes were demonstrated especially in the DOX treated group. Variations in biochemical marker levels of oxidative stress on ischemia in tissues were not observed. Our data indicate that RES may prevent cellular damage in the early phase of DOX induced toxicity. RES could be used with its beneficial effects during early cellular damage in organ toxicity after DOX treatment in cancer patients.

The natural antioxidant, resveratrol has been suggested to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Although derangements in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by doxorubicin, the effects of resveratrol on these parameters have not been evaluated yet. We investigated the impact of resveratrol on doxorubicin-induced vascular dysfunction in rat thoracic aorta with regard to NO synthesis in an experimental, prospective, controlled study.Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups; doxorubicin (n=9), vehicle (dimethylsulphoxide) (n=8), resveratrol (n=8), doxorubicin+resveratrol (n=10), controls (n=9). Contractile and relaxant responses were evaluated on the isolated thoracic aortas. The expressions of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms of NO-synthase were also examined histopathologically on the aortas. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA for repeated measures for the response curves and one-way ANOVA for the pD2 (-log EC50) and Emax (maximum phenylephrine contraction) values with subsequent Bonferroni test.Doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p), not only decreased the contractile responses to phenylephrine (p0.001), but also attenuated the relaxant responses to acetylcholine (ACh) (p=0.002), calcium ionophore (A23187) (p=0.002) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (p=0.007). Immunohistochemistry revealed increased (p0.05) eNOS and iNOS protein expressions after doxorubicin treatment. Coadministration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/i.p.) reversed the increased expression of both NOS isoforms (p0.05). Similarly, it prevented the doxorubicin-induced attenuation in ACh- (p=0.013) and A23187- (p=0.038) induced responses. In healthy rats the antioxidant did not cause significant changes.Prevention of excessive NO formation through eNOS and iNOS overexpression by resveratrol might contribute to the reversal of vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with doxorubicin treatment.

Objective. To investigate the potential effects of therapeutic dosages of the immunosuppression agent rapamycin on endothelial function with regard to nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in rat thoracic aorta in vivo and rat coronary endothelial cells in vitro. Materials and Methods. Male Wistar rats were injected with rapamycin, 1.5 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 14 days. After the rats were sacrificed, the thoracic aortas were suspended in organ chambers and evaluated for endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular responses. Results. Rapamycin administration resulted in increased relaxant responses to L-arginine and to greater concentrations of the calcium ionophore (A23187) in the aortas. However, potassium chloride, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester responses remained unchanged. In addition, phenylephrine-induced contractions were significantly decreased in the aortas regardless of the presence of functional endothelium. In a series of in vitro experiments, isolated rat coronary endothelial cells were incubated with therapeutic concentrations of rapamycin (10 nmol/L). Nitrite accumulation in the supernatants revealed that rapamycin decreased nitrite release induced by interleukin-1 but did not affect basal or A23187-stimulated nitrite levels. Western blot analysis demonstrated that rapamycin decreased inducible NO synthase protein expression in coronary endothelial cells. Conclusion. Posttransplantation therapeutic concentrations of rapamycin not only preserve vascular endothelial function mediated by NO synthesis but possibly interact in vivo with adrenergic receptors in favor of vasodilatory mechanisms.

Rho kinase (ROCK) and nitric oxide (NO) are important targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we investigated the possible influence of NO on Rho kinase (ROCK-2 isoform) expressions in cultured rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells. The cells were isolated from Wistar rats on a Langendorff system, and were incubated overnight (similar to 16 h) with an NO generator, A-23187 (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) NO donors, such as sodium nitroprusside (10(-7) to 10-6 M) glyceryl trinitrate (10(-7) to 10-6 M), 2,2'-(hydroxynitro- sohydrazono)bis-ethanimine (10(-7) to 10(-6) M), and NaNO2 (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) or a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-G-nitro-L-arginme methylester (2x10(-4) M), or two ROCK inhibitors, (-+)(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)- N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate (Y-27632, 10(-5) M) and fasudil (10(-5) M) in the absence or presence of thrombin (4 U/mL). ROCK-2 and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expressions were detected by Western blotting. Moreover, nitrite/nitrate levels were detected by Griess method in the presence of the ROCK inhibitors. The NO donors and the NO generator had no significant effects on ROCK-2 expression. Y-27632 and fasudil did not alter eNOS expression and NO production. Nitrite/nitrate levels were 4.4 +/- 0.32 mu M in control and 4.0 +/- 0.93 mu M and in Y-27632 group. These results demonstrate that prolong NO donation could not suppress the expression of ROCK-2 protein, and the ROCK inhibitor did not change e-NOS expression and NO production in the cultured rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is widely recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery vascular disease, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of homocysteine on nitric oxide (NO) production in coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and putative mechanisms mediating this effect. CMECs were isolated on Langendorff system by collagenase perfusion of hearts from male rats and cultured. The effect of homocysteine (0.01 to 1 mM) on basal and stimulated NO production was evaluated by measuring nitrite in the culture media after incubation with or without N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (1 mM), superoxide dismutase (100 U/mL), or catalase (1000 U/mL) for 24 h. Total nitrite was measured using Griess reaction after reduction of nitrate to nitrite with nitrate reductase. Homocysteine did not affect basal nitrite accumulation; however, it significantly increased the nitrite accumulation induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or interleukin-1beta only at 1 mM. This effect of homocysteine was significantly inhibited by L-NAME, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In conclusion, homocysteine increases NO release from stimulated CMECs without affecting basal NO production, which is probably accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species. It can be postulated that endothelial cells generate NO in order to minimize the damage caused by homocysteine.

AMAÇ: Bu çalışma Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Farmakoloji ve Klinik Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı’na gebeliği sırasında ilaç kullanılması nedeniyle sevk edilen hastaların geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. GEREÇ-YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada 1 Ocak 2005- 31 Aralık 2005 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize başvuran hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm hastalar öncelikle bir kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanı tarafından görülmüş olup ilaçların gebeliğe etkileri için temel olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi ( FDA ) veritabanı kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Çalışmamızda 345 gebe değerlendirilmiştir. Olguların % 43’ü Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nin, % 24’ü diğer kamu hastanelerinin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum kliniklerinden, % 33’ü ise özel muayenehanelerden sevk edilmişti. Gebelerin % 30’u 25-29 yaş grubu içerisindeydi. Gebelik sırasında en sık kullanılan ilaçlar % 26.6 antiinfektifler, % 18.3 opioid ve opioid olmayan analjezikler, % 8.4 antidepresanlar, % 8.2 antigribal ilaçlardı. FDA sınıflamasına göre A kategoride yer alan ilaçlar % 1.4, B kategoride yer alan ilaçlar % 42.9, C kategoride yer alan ilaçlar % 42.4, D kategoride yer alan ilaçlar % 6.7 ve X kategoride yer alan ilaçlar % 3.1 idi. Gebelerin % 83.6 sı bu ilaçları ilk trimestirda kullanmıştı. Gebelerin sadece % 10’u tek bir etken maddeye maruz kalmıştı. SONUÇ: Kadınlar gebelikleri sırasında FDA sınıflamasına göre teratojenite potansiyeli olan ilaçlara önemli oranda maruz kalabilirler. İlaç reçetelendirilmesi sırasında gebeliğin sorgulanması bu oranı azaltabilir., AIM: The aim of this study was to provide retrospective information about the prescribed drugs among pregnant woman who referred to Ege University Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. MATERIAL-METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted among pregnant woman who referred to our department between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005. Initially, all women were evaluated by an obstetrician and and the effects of the drugs during pregnancy was determined according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) risk classification system database RESULTS: 345 pregnant women were evaluated during the study. 43 % of the women were referred from Ege University Medical Faculty Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and 24 % from public hospitals, whereas 33% were consigned from doctor offices. 30% of the women were between 25-29 years of age. The most commonly prescribed drugs were anti-infectives (26.6 %), opioid and non-opioid analgesics (18.3%), antidepressants (8.4%) and flu medications (8.2 %). According to the FDA classification 1.4% of the prescribed drugs were in category A, 42.9% were in category B, 42.4% were in category C, 6.7% were in category D and 3.1% were in category X. 83.6% of the pregnant women had medications during first trimester of their pregnancies. Only 10% of the women received a single drug. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that during their pregnancies an important proportion of women encounter drugs which might have a teratogenic potential. This proportion. can be reduced by interrogation of the patient about pregnancy before prescribing drugs.

Klinik çalışmalar atipik antipsikotiklerin klasik antipsikotiklere göre prolaktin düzeylerinde doza bağımlı artış gibi yan etkilerinin insidansının daha düşük olduğunu bildirmektedir. Olanzapinin daha az ekstrapiramidal hareket bozukluğuna, hiperprolaktinemiye ve seksüel disfonksiyona yol açtığı gösterilmiştir. Klinisyenler gebe olan ve aynı zamanda mental bir hastalığı bulunan kadınlarla çalışırken zor durumlarla karşı karşıya kalırlar. Tedavi edilmeyen bir psikotik atağın sonuçlarının ağır olabileceği ve annenin intiharına ya da bebeğini öldürmesine neden olabileceği iyi bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle klinisyenlerin annelere psikiyatrik hastalık tedavi edilmezse, kendilerinde ve bebeklerinde ortaya çıkacak potansiyel risklerle ilaç kullanımına bağlı fetal ve neonatal riskleri değerlendirmeleri konusunda yardım etmeleri gerekmektedir. Elde klasik antipsikotikler ve gebelik ile ilgili veriler bulunmasına rağmen atipik antipsikotik kullanan kadınlarda gebelik ile ilgili raporlar yetersizdir. Prenatal dönemde atipik antipsikotiklere maruziyetin sonuçlarının anlaşılması tedavi seçiminde yarar sağlayacaktır. Aşağıda olanzapin kullanırken gebe kalan ve gebeliği sırasında ilaç kullanmayı sürdüren bir anne ve bebeği sunulmaktadır., Clinical reports indicate that atypical antipsychotics are associated with a lower incidence of adverse events such as dose-related increases in prolactin concentrations than conventional antipsychotics. It has been shown that olanzapine causes less extrapyramidal movement disorder, hyperprolactinemia and sexual disfunction. Clinicians are confronted with challenging situations when working with women who are pregnant and have a co-existing mental illness. It is well known that potential consequences of an untreated psychotic episode may be severe and may lead to the mother attempting suicide and/or infanticide. For these reasons, clinicians need to help mothers weigh both fetal and neonatal risks of exposure to drugs against the potential risk they and their infant may incur if the psychiatric illness is not treated. Although data regarding conventional antipsychotics and pregnancy are available, reports about the course of pregnancy in women treated with atypical agents are insufficient. Understanding the risk of prenatal antipsychotic exposure can be of benefit in selecting therapies. Here we present a woman who was treated with olanzapine before and during her pregnancy and her baby.

Overproduction of nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular hyporesponsiveness of endotoxic shock. In this study, we investigated the effects of aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the decreased vascular responsiveness in endotoxic shock. Male albino rats were administered intraperitoneally aminoguanidine (25, 50 or 75 mg kg(-1)) 1 h after they received saline or lipolysaccharide (Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5). The thoracic aortas were removed 18 h after lipopolysaccharide administration and suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution, and tested for vascular reactivity. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and potassium chloride, and relaxant responses to acetylcholine were reduced in endotoxaemic animals. Aminoguanidine was ineffective in improving the vascular hypocontractility at 25 and 75 mg kg(-1) doses; but at 50 mg kg(-1) dose, it restored the decreased contractile responses toward normal values. Diminished relaxant responses to acetylcholine were restored by aminoguanidine at all three different doses. There were no significant differences in sodium nitroprusside induced relaxant responses between all groups. Administration of aminoguanidine in control animals did not change vascular responses to any agent. These data suggest that aminoguanidine treatment improves the vascular hyporesponsiveness to contractile- and endothelium-dependent relaxant agents observed in endotoxic shock.

International audience; InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well-based light-emitting diode LEDs were investigated over a wide range of injection currents (0.04 mA–0.1 A) and temperature (80–370 K)-dependent electroluminescence EL measurements. Two centers were identified for blue luminescence peaking at 2.9 eV and 3.0 eV, denoted as BL2 and BLC, respectively. Although the 3.0 eV center was more effective than 2.9 eV under low temperature (below 160 K), both vanished completely above 170 K due to the activation of non-radiative recombination under a low-current injection regime. At the same time, EL signal intensity was significantly reduced at a high-current injection regime. The recombination through a point trap in GaN barrier layer (known as H1 trap) in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structure was non-radiative recombination process: this leads to either vanishing or weakening of 3.0 eV center and its energy depth were determined as 0.9 eV through temperature-dependent dc current–voltage (I–V) and ac capacitance–temperature–frequency (C–T–ω) measurements. The trap depth, thermal quenching of the peak at 3.0 eV, and the sole presence of a peak at 2.9 eV at high temperature might be ascribed to carbon-related defects and agreed with recent theoretical and experimental works in literature.