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In the present work, 3D-printed wound dressings containing different amounts of Centella Asiatica extract were synthesized via dual-crosslinking method. Methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (Gel-MA) and pectin (Pec) were chosen as the base material for dressings. A dual crosslinked network was formed with Gel-MA photo-crosslinking using Irgacure 2959 and Pectin (Pec) psychical-crosslinking using Ca++ ions. Meanwhile, the developed dual-crosslinked hydrogel dressings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical, swelling, in vitro degradation as well as ex vivo bioadhesion tests. It has been observed that the preapred dressings provide good bioadhesion on the chicken skin. Moreover, MTT assay revealed cell viability of Gel-MA/Pec hydrogel dressings containing Centella Asiatica extract. The results presented the dressings as a promising biomaterial to be used for wound healing purposes, which should be further investigated in future.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) offer unique source of inspiration for design of bone mimetic biomaterials due to their superior mechanical properties, drug delivery capability and regulation cellular behaviors, particularly by divalent metal cations in their structure. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of LDHs holds great promise as a novel strategy thanks to highly tunable physiochemical properties and shear-thinning ability of LDHs, which allow shape fidelity after deposition. Herein, we introduce a straightforward strategy for extrusion bioprinting of cell laden nanocomposite hydrogel bioink of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biopolymer and LDHs nanoparticles. First, we synthesized LDHs by co-precipitation process and systematically examined the effect of LDHs addition on printing parameters such as printing pressure, extrusion rate, printing speed, and finally bioink printability in creating grid-like constructs. The developed hydrogel bioinks provided precise control over extrudability, extrusion uniformity, and structural integrity after deposition. Based on the printability and rheological analysis, the printability could be altered by controlling the concentration of LDHs, and printability was found to be ideal with the addition of 3 wt % LDHs. The addition of LDHs resulted in remarkably enhanced compressive strength from 652 kPa (G-LDH0) to 1168 kPa (G-LDH3). It was shown that the printed nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds were able to support encapsulated osteoblast survival, spreading, and proliferation in the absence of any osteoinductive factors taking advantage of LDHs. In addition, cells encapsulated in G-LDH3 had a larger cell spreading area and higher cell aspect ratio than those encapsulated in G-LDH0. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the developed GelMA/LDHs nanocomposite hydrogel bioink revealed a high potential for extrusion bioprinting with high structural fidelity to fabricate implantable 3D hydrogel constructs for repair of bone defects. WOS:000865405500001 Q2

In this study, modified kappa-carrageenan/pectin hydrogel patches were fabricated for treatment of buccal fungal infections. For this purpose, kappa-carrageenan-g-acrylic acid was modified with different thiolated agents (L-cysteine and 3-mercaptopropionic acid), and the thiol content of the resulting modified kappa-carrageenan was confirmed by elemental analyzer. Then, the hydrogel patches were fabricated, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ex vivo mucoadhesion test, and swelling behavior. Triamcinolone acetonide was added either directly or by encapsulating within the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The release amount of the drug from the directly loaded patch was 7.81 mg/g polymer, while it was 3.28 mg/g polymer for the encapsulated patch with the same content at 7 hr. The hydrogel patches had no cytotoxicity by cell culture studies. Finally, the drug loaded hydrogel patches were demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. These results provide that the novel modified kappa-carrageenan and pectin based buccal delivery system has promising antifungal property, and could have advantages compared to conventional buccal delivery systems. WOS:000723711600001 34846796 Q2

© 2023 Elsevier B.V.Because of the brain\"s complexity, developing effective treatments for neurological disorders is a formidable challenge. Research efforts to this end are advancing as in vitro systems have reached the point that they can imitate critical components of the brain\"s structure and function. Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) was first used for microfluidics-based systems with small synthetic tissues but has expanded recently to include in vitro simulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Defining the system\"s qualifying parameters may improve the BoC for the next generation of in vitro platforms. These parameters show how well a given platform solves the problems unique to in vitro CNS modeling (like recreating the brain\"s microenvironment and including essential parts like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)) and how much more value it offers than traditional cell culture systems. This review provides an overview of the practical concerns of creating and deploying BoC systems and elaborates on how these technologies might be used. Not only how advanced biosensing technologies could be integrated with BoC system but also how novel approaches will automate assays and improve point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and accurate quantitative analyses are discussed. Key challenges providing opportunities for clinical translation of BoC in neurodegenerative disorders are also addressed.

© 2023 Elsevier B.V.Hyperbranched polymers (HPB) are drawing attention as one of the drug delivery platforms that can encapsulate drugs owing to the internal voids in their three-dimensional construct. It is feasible to develop HBP-based nano-sized drug delivery platforms and improve the efficacy of cancer treatment due to its potential properties. In particular, the contribution of targeted drug delivery systems that can target malignant tissues in the treatment processes is undeniable. For this purpose, modifying an HBP-based nanoparticle delivery system with a targeting molecule is vital. In this study, we synthesized folic acid-modified HBP-based nanoparticles and their physical (DLS, zeta potential) and chemical (FTIR, NMR) characterizations were performed, and finally 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was loaded as a model active agent. The release properties (UV-VIS) and release kinetic models of 5-FU-loaded folic acid-modified nanoparticles were investigated in different pHs. In vitro cellular activities (MTT, cellular uptake) and targeting properties to the folate receptor (FR) were determined by flow cytometry on HeLa (FR, +) and L929 (FR, -) cells. According to all the results, folic acid-modified HBP-based nanoparticles were efficiently transported to the cell nucleus in the targeted FR + cells, and internalization of nanoparticles in HeLa cells is ∼2.5 times higher than L929 cells. All results suggest that folic acid modification to the nanoparticles is critical in folate receptor-positive cancer treatment.

In this research, the effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin (BSA)/chitosan (Chi) based buccal mucoadhesive patch was investigated. Thiolated BSA (BSA-SH) was prepared via 2-mercaptoethanol. FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed that BSA-SH was synthesized successfully. The buccal mucoadhesive patches were fabricated by the solvent casting method. Following the structural characterization of BSA/Chi and BSA-SH/Chi buccal patches, the mechanical characterization was performed by tensile tests. The drug release from triam- cinolone acetonide (TR) loaded buccal patches was evaluated in-vitro in simulated salivary. According to the ex- vivo buccal adhesion experiments, the mechanical and mucoadhesion properties of BSA-SH/Chi buccal patch had improved compared to BSA/Chi buccal patch. The total cumulative TR permeated after 12 h was higher for BSA- SH/Chi than BSA/Chi buccal patches. The developed mucoadhesive buccal patches were found to be biocom- patible in vitro. To conclude, the thiolated BSA-SH/Chi buccal adhesive patch is a promising biomaterial for a satisfied drug delivery, which provides advantages for various oral applications. 2-s2.0-85132367698

Three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinting as an emerging approach for tissue engineering possesses the promise to create highly mimicked organs or tissues by using computer-aided design. For biomedical applications in tissue engineering in our previous work, we developed an optimized nanocomposite bioink based on methylacrylated gelatin (GeIMA), methylacrylated chitosan (ChitMA), and double-layered hydroxide (LDHs) nanoparticles by using 3D-bioprinting technology. Herein, we used the previous formulation to fabricate human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs)-laden nanocomposite bioinks. The effect of LDHs nanoparticles on the cellular behaviors of the encapsulated-hBMMSCs in the scaffolds was evaluated for the first time. Live/Dead, PrestoBlue, and DAPI/Actin analysis were carried out to assess the cell viability, proliferation rate, and cellular morphology of encapsulated hBMMSCs within the scaffolds. In addition, osteogenic differentiation studies were performed culturing the scaffolds for up to 21 days. Results show that LDHs nanoparticles in the GeIMA/ChitMA scaffold formulation increased the viability of hBMMSCs, did not cause any adverse effect on the proliferation rate, cell morphology of the hBMMSCs, and increased the Runx2 protein expression of the encapsulated-hBMMSCs in the scaffolds. This study progresses the LDHs containing nanocomposite bioink for cell printing applications in tissue engineering. WOS:000786606000001

Wound dressings with antioxidant potential have attracted remarkable concerns for wound healing. The purpose of this work is to investigate blank, and quercetin loaded photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated kappa-carrageenan (KapMA) hydrogel. Wound dressings were produced by the photocrosslinking method in the presence of a photoinitiator. Quercetin was incorporated in photocrosslinkable GelMA/KapMA wound dressings with different ratios. Besides, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, swelling, and degradation tests were performed for characterization studies of the hydrogel wound dressings. The release of quercetin from GelMA/KapMA wound dressings was investigated at a physiological pH value of 7.4 at 37 degrees C. The antioxidant activity of the hydrogel dressings was further evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Biocompatibility of wound dressings was assessed using MTT assay tests on NIH-3T3 cell line, which evaluated its suitability in biomaterial applications. The obtained results indicated that quercetin incorporated photocrosslinked GelMA/KapMA wound dressings provide antioxidant activity, and they could be the ability for the potential wound dressings applications. 0366-6352

A recent approach for buccal mucoadhesive system is the production of thiolated polymers via thiomer. In this study, pectin was grafted with acrylic acid before the thiolation by L-cystein and it was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and TGA. Following that, modified/unmodified pectin and alginate patches were successfully fabricated by a casting method, and they were characterized by FTIR and TGA. The modified pectin/alginate patches had a higher swelling ratio than that of unmodified pectin/alginate patches. Moreover, ex-vivo mucoadhesion studies of modified pectin/alginate buccal patch was 0.11 ± 0.033 N which meant that mucoadhesion on buccal mucosa was improved as compared to unmodified pectin/alginate buccal patch. The triamcinolone acetonide release capacity of the modified pectin/alginate and unmodified pectin/alginate patches in pH 6.8 was found to be 32.6 and 28.5 mg/g, respectively. The drug release kinetic data best fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas model for both buccal patches. To cell culture studies, drug loaded, and unloaded buccal patches had no cytotoxicity against L929 cell line. According to our results modified pectin/alginate buccal patch can be used as a promising alternative for buccal mucoadhesive drug release systems. 2-s2.0-85121144720

The antibacterial sponges with high macroporosity, high interconnectivity and high biocompatibility is a significant concern for wound healing applications. In this work, novel Aloe vera (AV) based sponges were developed via subsequent lyophilization with further chemical crosslinking throughout the double network sponges. Single network was composed of gelatin-sodium alginate (G-SA) while the double network using gelatin-sodium alginate- sodium hyaluronate (G-SA-HA) was produced with the addition of hyaluronic acid solution into the gelatin-sodium alginate matrix. Lastly, Aloe vera as the bioactive agent was fabricated throughout the gelatin-sodium alginate-sodium hyaluronate matrix. The AV-based sponges demonstrated large pores with high interconnectivity. The swelling degree of the AV-based sponges were higher than that of G-SA and G-SA-HA sponges. The release of AV from the sponges reached an equilibrium value after 24 h showing a more controlled release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. AV-based sponges showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus and displayed any cytotoxicity against Mesenchymal stem cells. Scientific Projects Coordination Unit of Hitit UniversityHitit University [MUH19001.18.001]; Hitit University Scientific and Tecnical Application and Research Center The financial support from the Scientific Projects Coordination Unit of Hitit University under the project number MUH19001.18.001 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also greateful to the support of Hitit University Scientific and Tecnical Application and Research Center. WOS:000608662700001 2-s2.0-85100181974

Despite various strategies have been proposed to accelerate bone regeneration, the treatment of bone defects in critical size still remains a clinical challenge. In this study, we fabricated nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/nanosilicate (NS) hydrogels for the delivery of dexamethasone (DEX), and systematically investigated their performance in drug delivery for bone repair. Nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by mold casting, and exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to induce covalent crosslinking. Afterwards, we conducted a systematic characterization study to determine the effects of varying NS concentration, GelMA methacrylation degree and UV exposure time on mechanical, structural, and drug release behaviors of nanocomposite hydrogels. In particular, the higher methacrylation degree of GelMA, longer UV exposure and the presence of NS exhibited gradually enhanced mechanical properties. For instance, the compressive strengths of nanocomposite hydrogels containing 0% (w/v) NS (G0NS120) and 3% (w/v) NS (G3NS120) at 120 s of UV exposure were 194.816 kPa–367.284 kPa (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, they exhibited higher swelling ratio (%) and slower degradation rate (%) with longer UV exposure and increased NS amount. Nanocomposite hydrogels revealed slower drug release rate due to longer UV exposure and increased NS amount. At day 14 of the release study, 99.53% and 60.687% of DEX were released from G0NS120 and G3NS120, respectively. Particularly, the nanocomposite GelMA/ NS hydrogels supported osteoblast adhesion well, and NS and DEX exhibited synergistic effect on osteoblast proliferation with 5.01 fold increase after 7 days of culture. Our results clearly showed that GelMA/NS nanocomposite hydrogels with tunable physiochemical and drug carrier properties could provide a favorable option for accelerating bone repair. Q2

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), when incorporated into biomaterials, provide a tunable composition, controllable particle size, anion exchange capacity, pH-sensitive solubility, high-drug loading efficiency, efficient gene and drug delivery, controlled release and effective intracellular uptake, natural biodegradability in an acidic medium, and negligible toxicity. In this review, we study potential applications of LDH-based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering. We address how LDHs provide new solutions for nanostructure stability and enhancein vivostudies' success. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.

As a part of the central nervous system, the spinal cord (SC) provides most of the communications between the brain and other parts of the body. Any damage to SC interrupts this communication, leading to serious problems, which may remain for the rest of their life. Due to its significant impact on patients’ quality of life and its exorbitant medical costs, SC injury (SCI) is known as one of the most challengeable diseases in the world. Thus, it is critical to introduce highly translatable therapeutic platforms for SCI treatment. So far, different strategies have been introduced, among which utilizing various types of stem cells is one of the most interesting ones. The capability of stem cells to differentiate into several types of cell lines makes them promising candidates for the regeneration of injured tissues. One of the other interesting and novel strategies for SCI treatment is the appli- cation of nanomaterials, which could appear as a carrier for therapeutic agents or as a platform for culturing the cells. Combining these two approaches, stem cells and nanomaterials, could provide promising therapeutic strategies for SCI management. Accordingly, in this review we have summarized some of the recent advance- ments in which the applications of different types of stem cells and nanomaterials, alone and in combination forms, were evaluated for SCI treatment. 35850168

Corneal defects are associated with corneal tissue engineering in terms of vision loss. The treatment of corneal defects is an important clinical challenge due to a uniform corneal thickness and the apparent lack of regenerative ability. In this work, we synthesized a biocompatible and photocrosslinkable ocular tissue adhesive composite hydrogel prepared by using methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), which is called the most favorable derivative of gelatin used as a tissue adhesive, silk fibroin (SF), and GelMA/SF (GS) with high adhesion behaviours for use in corneal injuries. The adhesion behaviours of the materials prepared in the presence of silk fibroin were improved. Importantly, the effect of different UV curing times on the adhesion properties of the prepared materials was also investigated. The prepared GS tissue adhesives showed high physiological adhesion. GS can be modulated to increase its adhesive strength up to 3 times compared to G. GS was also found to be biocompatible and have a high healing potential. In addition, the obtained transmission value of GS is also close to that of the human cornea. GS supported cellular adhesion and proliferation. The burst pressure strength for fresh cornea of the GS-60s sealants (144.5 ± 13 kPa) was determined to be higher than that of the G-60s sealants (52.6 ± 33.5 kPa). 35297911

Chronic wounds are known as one of the biggest health challenges, especially in the case of diabetes patients, which annually engages millions of patients, and its management imposes an exorbitant economic cost on societies worldwide. Therefore, there is an unmet need to find novel therapeutic methods with lower costs and higher efficiency. In recent years, a wide range of nanomaterials (NMs) has been utilized and shown promising results in treating different types of chronic wounds via playing a vital role as carriers for therapeutic agents or directly act as the therapeutic compound. NMs could affect different phases of the healing process, from hemostasis to remodeling, via influencing various intracellular factors. Towards this, the current review aims to provide the most recent research progress and prospect on the application of different NMs in chronic wound healing, particularly focusing on their effects on intracellular factors. The chronic wounds and intracellular pathways involved in this process are elaborated, and several NMs-based therapeutic agents used for chronic wound healing are described. The potential pitfalls and challenges of utilizing NMs in chronic wound healing are covered, and future perspectives toward more successful translational applications are presented.

Kolayca modifiye edilebilir ve pek çok çalışmaya entegre edilebilir özellikleriyle mikroakışkan sistemler son yıllarda araştırmacıların ilgi odağındadır. Mikroakışkan çipler sayesinde daha az solüsyon ve sürekli perfüzyon ile kontrollü ve optimize hücre kültürü çalışmaları yapılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle rejeneratif tıbbın ilgisini çeken kök hücrelerin tek başına veya diğer hücrelerle birlikte kültürlenmesi ve kullanılan kök hücrelerin istenilen yönde farklılaştırılması çip sistemlerinde sıklıkla çalışılmaktadır. Bu sistemlere hücreler arası ortam koşullarını taklit edecek hidrojellerin veya hücrelerinden arındırılmış organ matrislerinin de ilave edilmesi in vivo'ya daha yakın sonuçlar vermektedir. Çiplerin üretildiği malzeme, yüzey modifikasyonları, akış hızı, besi yeri içeriği, kullanılan hidrojellerin mekano-kimyasal özellikleri, elektriksel, kimyasal ya da mekanik uyarımlar neticesinde kök hücrelerin farklılaşmaları da dahil tüm davranışlarının oldukça değiştiğini gösteren birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin ilerleyen zamanlarda kişiselleştirilmiş tıp, ilaç toksisite deneyleri, hasta-yanı hızlı tanı kitleri ve birçok temel bilim araştırmasına yeni bir boyut kazandıracağı, özellikle hayvan deneylerinin yerini alarak daha güvenilir ve ucuz potansiyel yöntemlerin başında geleceği öngörülmektedir. Tüm bu sebepler çip sistemlerini araştırma odağı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin üretimi, avantajları, dezavantajları ve doku mühendisliği alanındaki uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.

A functionalized hydrogel composed of 2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylamide (AAm) was synthesized by amination and saponification reactions, respectively, and its functionality was examined for the elimination of copper(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper(II) ions was 0.617 mmol g(-1) before saponification, whereas it was 1.2225 mmol g(-1) after saponification. The adsorption data was analyzed with pseudo-first-order (r(2) =0.8867), intra-particle diffusion (r(2) =0.9453), Elovich (r(2) =0.9489) and pseudo-second-order(r(2) =0.9999) kinetic models. Based on the adsorption equilibrium experimental data Freundlich(r(2) =0.9964), Langmuir(r(2) =0.998) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) (r(2) =0.9960) adsorption isotherms provided good fits for all of experimental results. Finally, the datas of kinetic experiments obtained in this study showed the applicability of the functionalized gel for Copper(II) ion removal. Research Fund of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [22058, 37685] This research was financially supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University, (Project No: 22058 and 37685). WOS:000491928700005 Q4

The aim of this study was to develop a novel carboxyl modified poly(vinyl alcohol) - crosslinked silk fibroin based hydrogel film (IF/PVA) as a potential drug carrier wound dressing. For the preparation of crosslinked hydrogels, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was modified with succinic anhydride (SA) to give carboxyl modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-COOH) and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR analyzes. Subsequently, a series of hydrogel films based on different concentrations of PVA-COOH and silk fibroin (IF) were prepared in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) by solvent casting method. The structures of the synthesized films were characterized by FTIR and XRD analyzes and their surface morphology was examined under optical microscope and their swelling behavior and mechanical strength properties were determined. According to the performed cytotoxicity tests, it was found that the synthesized IF/ PVA membrane dressings were not toxic. The selected IF/PVA hydrogel film with optimum properties was loaded with quercetin as a model drug and their release profile was investigated in phosphate buffered media (pH: 7.4). The results of the in vitro wound model (scratch test) have shown that IF/PVA film showing a controlled quercetin release profile over 10 days can be used as a potential drug-carrier wound dressing., Bu çalışmanın amacı, potansiyel yara örtüsü olarak ilaç taşıyıcı-yeni bir karboksil modifiyeli poli(vinil alkol)-çapraz bağlı ipek fibroin esaslı hidrojel filmi (İF/PVA) geliştirmektir. Çapraz bağlı hidrojellerin hazırlanması için poli(vinil alkol) (PVA), karboksil modifiye poli(vinil alkol) (PVA-COOH) verecek şekilde süksinik anhidrit (SA) ile modifiye edilmiş, FTIR ve 1H NMR analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Takiben çözücü döküm yöntemi ile 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) karbodiimid (EDC) ve n-hidroksisüksinimid (NHS) varlığında farklı konsantrasyonlarda PVA-COOH ve ipek fibroin (İF) esaslı bir seri hidrojel filmler hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen filmlerin yapıları FTIR ve XRD analizleri ile karakterize edilmiş, yüzey morfolojileri optik mikroskop altında incelenmiş, şişme davranışları ve mekaniksel dayanım özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen sitotoksisite testleri ile sentezlenen İF/PVA membran yara örtülerinin toksik olmadığı bulunmuştur. Optimum özelliklere sahip İF/PVA hidrojel filmine model ilaç olarak kuersetin yüklenmiş, etken madde yüklü filmlerin fosfat tamponu ortamında (pH:7,4) salım davranış profili incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen in vitro yara modeli (çizik testi) sonuçları, 10 güne kadar kontrollü kuersetin salım profili gösteren İF/PVA filminin potansiyel ilaç taşıyıcı bir yara örtüsü olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Recently, with the progression in wound dressings, the importance of the biocompatible material with enhanced features for potential applications in the biomedical field has been more developed. Current strategies focus on the acceleration of the wound healing by systematically designed dressing materials. In this study, biocompatible hydrogel films with the combination of silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid and gelatin biopolymers were fabricated. To gain the enhanced wound healing behavior of wound dressings, boric acid (BA) was formulated in various ratios. The prepared hydrogel films were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analysis. Following to the swelling and mechanical tests, in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing tests were performed against L929 fibroblast cell line. Results suggest that the presence of 1% (wt/vol) BA in the formulation of silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid based hydrogel films is the key in providing such an enhanced mechanical and wound healing feature and may offer an alternative approach for wound healing treatment. Demiroglu Bilim UniversityDemiroglu Bilim University [2019/01] Demiroglu Bilim University, Grant/Award Number: 2019/01 WOS:000702878900001 2-s2.0-85116110558

An amphiphilic core/shell-type polymer-based drug carrier system (HPAE- PCL-b-MPEG), composed of hyperbranched poly(aminoester)-based polymer (HPAE) as the core building block and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diblock polymers (MPEG-b-PCL) as the shell building block, was designed. The synthesized polymers were characterized with FTIR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and GPC analysis. Monodisperse HPAE-PCL-b-MPEG nanoparticles with dimensions of

In the last decade, 3D-bioprinting has attracted attention due to its capability to produce complex scaffolds. The selection of suitable biomaterials for the bioink design is very important for the success of 3D-bioprinting. In this study, chitosan and gelatin were chemically modified into methacrylated chitosan (ChiMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) with the methacrylic anhydride in order to obtain crosslinking points on the polymeric backbone. The eligible bioinks were formulated with the layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDHs). The effect of changing the amount of LDHs on the printability of the bioinks was evaluated by using rheological analysis and printability test with the extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting. The bioinks were crosslinked under UV light. Mechanical, swelling, degradation properties, and cell-adhesion behaviors of the obtained ChiMA/GelMA nanohybrid scaffolds containing LDHs were investigated. Based on the rheology and the printing results, ChiMA/GelMA nanohybrid scaffold containing 5% LDHs (ChiMA-G5) was found to be the optimal bioink. Notably, compression strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus of ChiMA-G5 scaffold were higher than neat and other ChiMA/GelMA scaffolds. In vitro cell culture studies showed that LDHs do not have any negative effects. These findings indicate that the developed ChiMA-G5 bioink has great potential as a bioink to utilize for tissue engineering applications. WOS:000702971700001 Q2

Ni(II) imprinted and non-imprinted bioadsorbent alginate beads were prepared, and utilized in the selective adsorption of Ni(II) ions. The optimum adsorption capacity were 6.00 mmol g?1 at 500 ppm initial metal ion concentration at pH 7 for Ni(II) imprinted alginate beads (IIP). The equilibrium data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and it fitted both isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters showed favorable and endothermic nature of adsorption. Ni(II) imprinted bead showed the strong ability to selective adsorption from Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions. In conclusion, Ni(II) ion imprinted alginate beads could be used repeatedly without any significant reduce of adsorption capacity. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Chitosan/collagen composite scaffolds encapsulating allantoin and lidocaine hydrochloride were formulated in various ratios and characterized in vitro for their applications in wound healing. After fabrication, scaffolds were characterized in terms of topographical properties, surface roughness, and swelling behavior, and then their stabilities were monitored by hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation studies. Following compatibility studies among the active ingredients, drugs were encapsulated within scaffolds, and encapsulation efficiency and drug release studies were carried. Finally, in vitro cell viability and scratch wound healing assays were carried to assess scaffolds as wound dressings. Results suggest that blending of polymers with drugs changed topographical properties and surface roughness prominently. It is found that the formulation with chitosan/collagen ratio of 70/30 is more resistant to both hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation routes due to having favored properties of both collagen and chitosan. In vitro drug release studies indicated rapid release of drugs, hence the scaffolds could be advantageous for patients that need an immediate anesthetic effect in wound healing therapy. The cell culture studies demonstrated that the chitosan/collagen composite scaffolds showed no toxicity, and cell migrations were increased depending on the collagen ratio in scaffolds. These results suggest that chitosan/collagen scaffolds combined with allantoin and lidocaine hydrochloride could be a promising candidate for wound healing applications. Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitMarmara University [SAG-CYLP-070317-0091] This work has been supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Grant [number SAG-CYLP-070317-0091]. WOS:000524010200001 Q2

Oxaceprol is well-defined therapeutic agent as an atypical inhibitor of inflammation in osteoarthritis. In the present study, we aimed to develop and characterize oxaceprol-loaded poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles for intra-articular administration in osteoarthritis. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Meanwhile, a straightforward and generally applicable high performance liquid chromatography method was developed, and validated for the first time for the quantification of oxaceprol. To examine the drug carrying capacity of nanoparticles, varying amount of oxaceprol was entrapped into a constant amount of polymer matrix. Moreover, the efficacy of drug amount on nanoparticle characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, morphology, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release was investigated. Nanoparticle sizes were between 229 and 509 nm for different amount of oxaceprol with spherical smooth morphology. Encapsulation efficiency ranged between 39.73 and 63.83% by decreasing oxaceprol amount. The results of Fourier transform infrared and DSC showed absence of interaction between oxaceprol and PLGA. The in vitro drug release from these nanoparticles showed a sustained release of oxaceprol over 30 days. According to cell culture studies, oxaceprol-loaded nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity with high biocompatibility. This study was the first step of developing an intra-articular system in the treatment of osteoarthritis for the controlled release of oxaceprol. Our findings showed that these nanoparticles can be beneficial for an effective treatment of osteoarthritis avoiding side effects associated with oral administration. Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitMarmara University [SAG-A-120613-0234] Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Grant/Award Number: SAG-A-120613-0234 WOS:000508046800001 31958153 Q2

Sutures, staples, clips, and skin closure strips are used as the gold standard to close wounds after an injury. In spite of being the present standard of care, the utilization of these conventional methods is precarious amid complicated and sensitive surgeries such as vascular anastomosis, ocular surgeries, nerve repair, or due to the high-risk components included. Tissue adhesives function as an interface to connect the surfaces of wound edges and prevent them from separation. They are fluid or semi-fluid mixtures that can be easily used to seal any wound of any morphology-uniform or irregular. As such, they provide alternatives to new and novel platforms for wound closure methods. In this review, we offer a background on the improvement of distinctive tissue adhesives focusing on the chemistry of some of these products that have been a commercial success from the clinical application perspective. This review is aimed to provide a guide to-ward the innovation of tissue bioadhesive materials and their associated biomedical applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Wound repair is a complex process that has not been entirely understood. It can conclude in several irregularities. Hence, designing an appropriate wound dressing that can accelerate the healing period is critical. Infections, a major obstacle to wound repair, cause an elevated inflammatory responses and result in ultimate outcome of incomplete and prolonged wound repair. To overcome these shortcomings, there is a growing requirement for antibacterial wound dressings. Dressings with antibacterial activities and multifunctional behaviors are highly anticipated to avoid the wound infection for successful healing. The aim of this review is not only to concentrate on the importance of antibacterial dressings for wound healing applications but also to discuss recent studies and some future perspectives about antibacterial wound dressings.

The aim of this study is to develop a novel folic acid conjugated, DL-lysine modified, PEGylated, the 3rd generation hyperbranched polymer (HBP-PEG-Lys-FA) for use in receptor-mediated therapy. 5-fluorouracil, model anti-cancer drug, loaded nanoparticles were found an average size of 177 nm with loading efficiency of 23.18%. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that nanoparticles showed pH-dependent release. HBP-PEG-Lys-FA were efficiently taken up by HeLa cells and specificity of targeted nanoparticles to folate receptors of cells was proved. It was concluded that the HBP-PEG-Lys-FA nanoparticles can provide an advantage on delivering of the drug efficiently into the cytosol for cancer therapy.

A new microgel was prepared by free radical precipitation polymerization of acrylamide (AAM), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) to be used for the controlled drug release. The zeta-potential and particle size of P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and found to be around - 36.4 +/- 6.29 mV and 592 nm, respectively. P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel was loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug. In vitro drug release profiles demonstrated that 5-Fu release from P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel at pH 7.4 was much faster than at pH 5.5 and pH 2.1. In addition, release kinetic studies showed that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel fit into Higuchi model release. The cytotoxicity study indicated that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel did not exhibit apparent cytotoxicity against L929 cell line. When all of the results were evaluated, it can be seen that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel can be effectively used as a polymeric drug carrier for the potential drug delivery systems in medical applications. Research Fund of the Hitit University [MUH19002.14.004] The authors wish to thank Prof. Dr. Gamze Guclu, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Isil Acar and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serkan Emik for their support. The present work was financially supported by the Research Fund of the Hitit University, Project no. MUH19002.14.004. WOS:000434836900019 Q2

The skin is the largest and most exposed organ in the human body. Not only it is involved in numerous biological processes essential for life but also it represents a significant endpoint for the application of pharmaceuticals. The area of in vitro skin tissue engineering has been progressing extensively in recent years. Advanced in vitro human skin models strongly impact the discovery of new drugs thanks to the enhanced screening efficiency and reliability. Nowadays, animal models are largely employed at the preclinical stage of new pharmaceutical compounds development for both risk assessment evaluation and pharmacokinetic studies. On the other hand, animal models often insufficiently foresee the human reaction due to the variations in skin immunity and physiology. Skin-on-chips devices offer innovative and state-of-the-art platforms essential to overcome these limitations. In the present review, we focus on the contribution of skin-on-chip platforms in fundamental research and applied medical research. In addition, we also highlighted the technical and practical difficulties that must be overcome to enhance skin-on-chip platforms, e.g. embedding electrical measurements, for improved modeling of human diseases as well as of new drug discovery and development.

Biophysical cues can potently direct a cell's or tissue's behavior. Cells interpret their biophysical surroundings, such as matrix stiffness or dynamic mechanical stimulation, through mechanotransduction. However, our understanding of the various aspects of mechanotransduction has been limited by the lack of proper analysis platforms capable of screening three-dimensional (3D) cellular behaviors in response to biophysical cues. Here, we developed a dynamic compression bioreactor to study the combinational effects of biomaterial composition and dynamic mechanical compression on cellular behavior in 3D hydrogels. The bioreactor contained multiple actuating posts that could apply cyclic compressive strains ranging from 0 to 42% to arrays of cell-encapsulated hydrogels. The bioreactor could be interconnected with other compressive bioreactors, which enabled the combinatorial screenings of 3D cellular behaviors simultaneously. As an application of the screening platform, cell spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were characterized in 3D gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Increasing hydrogel concentration from 5 to 10% restricted the cell spreading, however, dynamic compressive strain increased cell spreading. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was also affected by dynamic compressive strains. hMSCs in 5% GelMA hydrogel were more sensitive to strains, and the 42% strain group showed a significant increase in osteogenic differentiation compared to other groups. The interconnectable dynamic compression bioreactor provides an efficient way to study the interactions of cells and their physical microenvironments in three dimensions.

With the advent of technology, the role of nanomaterials in medicine has grown exponentially in the last few decades. The main advantage of such materials has been exploited in drug delivery applications, due to their effective targeting that in turn reduces systemic toxicity compared to the conventional routes of drug administration. Even though these materials offer broad flexibility based on targeting tissue, disease, and drug payload, the demand for more effective yet highly biocompatible nanomaterial-based drugs is increasing. While therapeutically improved and safe materials have been introduced in nanomedicine platforms, issues related to their degradation rates and bio-distribution still exist, thus making their successful translation for human use very challenging. Researchers are constantly improving upon novel nanomaterials that are safer and more effective not only as therapeutic agents but as diagnostic tools as well, making the research in the field of nanomedicine ever more fascinating. In this review stress has been made on the evolution of nanomaterials that have been approved for clinical applications by the United States Food and Drug Administration Agency (FDA).

Three-dimensional (3D) porous biocomposite hydrogel sponges consisting of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by the freeze-drying method. The biocomposite was also loaded with tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and its wound healing efficacy was investigated in an attempt to enhance healing through the release of the drug. The chemical nature, composition, thermal properties and morphology of the sponges were revealed by FTIR, TGA, and SEM/EDX, analysis. The hydrogels presented the swelling degree in the range of 650-1180% at pH 7.4; 1300-3160% at pH 5.5 and 550-920% at pH 9.0, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated the cytocompatibility of CS/SF/ZnO hydrogels against Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). CS/SF/ZnO-0 and CS/SF/ZnO-0.5 hydrogels exhibited no cytotoxic effect. In addition, CS/SF/ZnO hydrogels exhibited antimicrobial activity against some tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Physical immobilization of TCH in hydrogel matrix resulted in sustained release of the drug for more than 2 days at pH 7.4. The results showed that CS/SF/ ZnO-0.5 hydrogel sponge is safe, convenient and could be effective for wound healing applications. WOS:000909694100001 Q2

Wound care is a hot topic in recent years. Recent wound treatment regimens use dressings fabricated from natural materials due to their significant advantages compared to traditional or synthetic dressings. Because of their importance, in this chapter, wound dressings are discussed with an emphasis on the use of natural polymers and their function in the healing process. After a brief introduction to wounds and classification of wound dressings, the chapter focuses on (i) the impact of natural materials on wound dressing design such as mechanical properties, texture, wettability, composition, and porosity; (ii) commonly used natural polymers and their combinations with synthetic polymers and other bioactive components; (iii) state-of-the-art fabrication methods of dressings; and finally, (iv) other nature-derived materials as wound dressings such as decellularized skin extracellular matrix and tissue-engineered skin substitutes. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. 2-s2.0-85134587588

The desired organ in micro-tissue models of organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices dictates the optimum biomaterials, divided into natural and synthetic biomaterials. They can resemble biological tissues' biological functions and architectures by constructing bioactivity of macromolecules, cells, nanoparticles, and other biological agents. The inclusion of such components in OoCs allows them having biological processes, such as basic biorecognition, enzymatic cleavage, and regulated drug release. In this report, we review natural-based biomaterials that are used in OoCs and their main characteristics. We address the preparation, modification, and characterization methods of natural-based biomaterials and summarize recent reports on their applications in the design and fabrication of micro-tissue models. This article will help bioengineers select the proper biomaterials based on developing new techn WOS:000748803500001 Q2

In this study, a series of gelatin-methacrylate (GelMA)/ Silk fibroin tissue scaffolds with different contents of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared (J/IF LDH), the effects of Mg/Al LDH nanoparticles on physical, chemical, mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds and their use as bone tissue were investigated. Mg/Al LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, ICP-MS, TEM, particle size and zeta potential analysis. The cytotoxicity of Mg/Al LDH nanoparticles was assesed by using 3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with osteoblast cell line. Mg/Al LDH nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic. J/ IF LDH tissue scaffolds were prepared by micro-molding technique under UV light in the presence of Irgacure2659 (photoinitiator). Their structures were characterized by FTIR analysis. Swelling analysis, mechanical strength test and cell-adhesion test were performed with osteoblast cell line. All results showed that tissue scaffolds with different contents of Mg/Al LDH nanoparticles have great potential in artificial bone tissue production for bone tissue engineering applications. Bu çalışmada, farklı oranlarda çift katmanlı hidroksit bileşikleri (LDH) içeren bir seri jelatin-metakrilat (JelMA)/ İpek fibroin (J/IF LDH) doku iskeleleri hazırlanmış, LDH nanopartiküllerinin fiziksel, kimyasal, mekaniksel ve biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri ve kemik dokusu olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Mg/Al LDH nanopartikülleri hidrotermal metot ile sentezlenmiş, FTIR, XRD, ICP-MS, TEM, partikül boyu ve zeta potansiyeli analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Mg/Al LDH nanopartiküllerinin sitotoksisitesi osteoblast hücre hattı kullanılarak 3,(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolyum bromid (MTT) testi ile belirlenmiş ve toksik olmadıkları bulunmuştur. J/IF LDH doku iskeleleri Irgacure2659 (fotobaşlatıcı) varlığında UV ışığı altında mikro-kalıplama tekniği ile hazırlanmıştır. Yapısı FTIR analizi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Şişme analizi, mekaniksel dayanım testi ve osteoblast hücreleri ile hücre-adezyon testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm sonuçlar, Mg/Al LDH nanopartikül katkılı doku iskelelerinin kemik doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için yapay kemik üretiminde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. WOS:000732570500010

Sutures, staples, clips, and skin closure strips are used as the gold standard to close wounds after an injury. In spite of being the present standard of care, the utilization of these conventional methods is precarious amid complicated and sensitive surgeries such as vascular anastomosis, ocular surgeries, nerve repair, or due to the high-risk components included. Tissue adhesives function as an interface to connect the surfaces of wound edges and prevent them from separation. They are fluid or semi-fluid mixtures that can be easily used to seal any wound of any morphology-uniform or irregular. As such, they provide alternatives to new and novel platforms for wound closure methods. In this review, we offer a background on the improvement of distinctive tissue adhesives focusing on the chemistry of some of these products that have been a commercial success from the clinical application perspective. This review is aimed to provide a guide toward the innovation of tissue bioadhesive materials and their associated biomedical applications. WOS:000637808000033 33425002 Q1

Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physi-cochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and bio-molecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation. WOS:000660171400001 34072959 Q1

Wound repair is a complex process that has not been entirely understood. It can conclude in several irregularities. Hence, designing an appropriate wound dressing that can accelerate the healing period is critical. Infections, a major obstacle to wound repair, cause an elevated inflammatory responses and result in ultimate outcome of incomplete and prolonged wound repair. To overcome these shortcomings, there is a growing requirement for antibacterial wound dressings. Dressings with antibacterial activities and multifunctional behaviors are highly anticipated to avoid the wound infection for successful healing. The aim of this review is not only to concentrate on the importance of antibacterial dressings for wound healing applications but also to discuss recent studies and some future perspectives about antibacterial wound dressings. WOS:000578645500001 2-s2.0-85092403055 PubMed: 33047502

Kornea yaraları cerrahi, enfeksiyonlardan ve travmatik yaralanmalardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu yaralar geleneksel olarak naylon sütürler kullanılarak onarılmaktadır. Kornea bölgesindeki yaralanmanın şekline ve derecesine bağlı olarak, korneanın y apısal bütün lüğünü geri kazanması için genellikle birden fazla sütüre ihtiyaç vardır. Doku yapıştırıcıları, oftalmik cerrahide sütürlerin yerine kullanılabilmektedir. Doku yapıştırıcıları, sütür yardımcı maddeleri ve yaralı dokuların sızdırmazlığı için alternatif olar ak geliştirilmiştir. Doku yapıştırıcıları, çapraz bağlandıktan sonra bir dokuya yapışabilen ve dünya çapında hemen hemen tüm ameliyatlarda önemli bir element olan polimer temelli hidrojel sistemleridir. Uygulama koşullarına göre dahili ve harici olar ak sın ıflandırılırlar. Harici doku yapıştırıcları genellikle yara kapatma ve epidermal aşılama gibi topikal uygulamalarda uygulanır . Dahili doku yapıştırıcları ise dokular, organlar ve kronik organ sızıntısı onarımı ve kanama komplikasyonlarının azaltılması gibi vücut sıvıları dahil olmak üzere iç ortama doğrudan temas ile intrakorporal koşullarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, o küler uygulamalara yönelik literatürde geliştirilen doku yapıştırıcları, ticari uygulamaları ve uygulama teknikleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Kornea insizyonları için kullanılan mevcut doku yapıştırıcıları tartışılmış, komplikasyonları, güvenlik profilleri ve etkinli kleri, sentez yöntemleri ve içerikleri birlikte değerlendirilmiştir., Corneal wounds are caused by surgical infections and traumatic injuries. Traditionally, the nylon sutures are used to repair these corneal wounds. In order for the cornea to regain its structural integrity, more than one suture is usually required, depending on the shape and degree of the injury in the corneal wound. In ophthalmic surgery, tissue adhesives can be used instead of sutur es. Tissue adhesives have been developed as an alterna tive for suturing aids and for sealing injured tissues. Polymer based hydrogel systems, which can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an important element in almost all surgeries worldwide, are applied as tissue adhesives. They are classified as internal and external according to the application conditions. External tissue adhesives are generally applied in topical applications such as wound closure and epidermal vaccination. On the other hand, internal tissue adhesives are used in intracorporeal conditions with direct contact to the internal environment including tissues, organs and body fluids such as chronic organ leak repair and reduction of bleeding complications. In this review study, tissue adhesives deve loped in the literature for ocular ap plications, commercial applications and application techniques of these adhesives are focused. Existingtissue adhesives used for corneal incisions are discussed and complications, safety profiles and efficacy, synthesis methods and contents of these adhes ives are evaluated together.

Alumina (alpha-Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)) are well-known for being clinically successful bioceramic materials. In this work, in-vitro biological characterization of the sol-gel alumina-bovine hydroxyapatite composite powders was realized. Alumina powders were synthesized through the sol-gel process. First, boehmite (AlOOH) sol was prepared utilizing aluminium isopropoxide (Al(OC3H7)(3), AIP) as the starting precursor. Bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) powders, which can be defined as naturally derived calcium phosphate powders were added as 10, 20, 30, and 50% wt. of AIP to each AlOOH sol. Homogeneous dispersion of the BHA powders in the AlOOH sol was managed due to employing Na-alginate as a kind of thickener. Gelation of the AlOOH-BHA mixtures was carried out at 110 degrees C for 3h. After drying, AlOOH-BHA mixtures were heat-treated at 1300 degrees C for 2h. Chemical, microstructural, thermal, and physical properties of the precursors/process products were characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses. Indirect MTT assay was done to evaluate the biocompatibility of the Al2O3-BHA based biocomposite extracts using the L929 cell line. It is found that all Al2O3-BHA composite extracts with varying doses of 25% and 50% had no negative effect on the cell viability. In addition, % cell viability decreased with the increasing of the extract concentration. It can be concluded that the prepared Al2O3-BHA composites can be a good candidate for biomedical applications. Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [4201] This work was supported by Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Istanbul University [grant number 4201].

Bu çalışmanın amacı, potansiyel yara örtüsü olarak ilaç taşıyıcı-yeni bir karboksil modifiyeli poli(vinil alkol)-çapraz bağlı ipek fibroin esaslı hidrojel filmi (İF/PVA) geliştirmektir. Çapraz bağlı hidrojellerin hazırlanması için poli(vinil alkol) (PVA),karboksil modifiye poli(vinil alkol) (PVA-COOH) verecek şekilde süksinik anhidrit (SA) ile modifiye edilmiş, FTIR ve 1H NMR analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Takiben çözücü döküm yöntemi ile 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) karbodiimid (EDC) ve n-hidroksisüksinimid (NHS) varlığında farklı konsantrasyonlarda PVA-COOH ve ipek fibroin (İF) esaslı bir seri hidrojel filmler hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen filmlerin yapıları FTIR ve XRD analizleri ile karakterize edilmiş, yüzey morfolojileri optik mikroskop altında incelenmiş, şişme davranışları ve mekaniksel dayanım özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen sitotoksisitetestleri ile sentezlenen İF/PVA membran yara örtülerinin toksik olmadığı bulunmuştur. Optimum özelliklere sahip İF/PVA hidrojel filmine model ilaç olarak kuersetin yüklenmiş, etken madde yüklü filmlerin fosfat tamponu ortamında (pH:7,4) salım davranış profili incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen in vitroyara modeli (çizik testi) sonuçları, 10 güne kadarkontrollü kuersetin salım profili gösteren İF/PVA filminin potansiyel ilaç taşıyıcı bir yara örtüsü olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. The aim of this study was to develop a novel carboxyl modified poly(vinyl alcohol) - crosslinked silk fibroin based hydrogel film (IF/PVA) as a potential drug carrier wound dressing. For the preparation of crosslinked hydrogels, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was modified with succinic anhydride (SA) to give carboxyl modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-COOH) and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR analyzes. Subsequently, a series of hydrogel films based on different concentrations of PVA-COOH and silk fibroin (IF) were prepared in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS) by solvent casting method. The structures of the synthesized films were characterized by FTIR and XRD analyzes and their surface morphology was examined under optical microscope and their swelling behavior and mechanical strength properties were determined. According to the performed cytotoxicity tests, it was found that the synthesized IF/ PVA membrane dressings were not toxic. The selected IF/PVA hydrogel film with optimum properties was loaded with quercetin as a model drug and their release profile was investigated in phosphate buffered media (pH: 7.4). The results of the in vitro wound model (scratch test) have shown that IF/PVA film showing a controlled quercetin release profile over 10 days can be used as a potential drug-carrier wound dressing.

The skin is the largest and most exposed organ in the human body. Not only it is involved in numerous biological processes essential for life but also it represents a significant endpoint for the application of pharmaceuticals. The area of in vitro skin tissue engineering has been progressing extensively in recent years. Advanced in vitro human skin models strongly impact the discovery of new drugs thanks to the enhanced screening efficiency and reliability. Nowadays, animal models are largely employed at the preclinical stage of new pharmaceutical compounds development for both risk assessment evaluation and pharmacokinetic studies. On the other hand, animal models often insufficiently foresee the human reaction due to the variations in skin immunity and physiology. Skin-on-chips devices offer innovative and state-of-the-art platforms essential to overcome these limitations. In the present review, we focus on the contribution of skin-on-chip platforms in fundamental research and applied medical research. In addition, we also highlighted the technical and practical difficulties that must be overcome to enhance skin-on-chip platforms, e. g. embedding electrical measurements, for improved modeling of human diseases as well as of new drug discovery and development. WOS:000468552000002 30727878 Q3

With the advent of technology, the role of nanomaterials in medicine has grown exponentially in the last few decades. The main advantage of such materials has been exploited in drug delivery applications, due to their effective targeting that in turn reduces systemic toxicity compared to the conventional routes of drug administration. Even though these materials offer broad flexibility based on targeting tissue, disease, and drug payload, the demand for more effective yet highly biocompatible nanomaterial-based drugs is increasing. While therapeutically improved and safe materials have been introduced in nanomedicine platforms, issues related to their degradation rate and bio-distribution still exist, thus making their successful translation to clinical application very challenging. Researchers are constantly improving upon novel nanomaterials that are safer and more effective not only as therapeutic agents but as diagnostic tools as well, making the research in the field of nanomedicine ever more fascinating. In this review, the stress has been made on the evolution of nanomaterials that are under different stages of clinical trials or have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [AR057837, DE021468, D005865, AR068258, AR066193, EB022403, EB021148, R01EB024403]; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence [K99CA201603]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); TUBITAK - TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF); King Baudouin Foundation (KBS) The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health (AR057837, DE021468, D005865, AR068258, AR066193, EB022403, EB021148, R01EB024403) and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). Y.S.Z. acknowledges the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence Award (K99CA201603). The authors further acknowledge funding from Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) to S.H., TUBITAK - Turkey to A.B.O., Henri Benedictus postdoctoral fellowship from Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and King Baudouin Foundation (KBS) to S.S. WOS:000411546200011 29225665 Q1