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4. The diagnostic utility of FIB-4 as a non-invasive tool for liver fibrosis scoring among NAFLD patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Author

AMER, J., ALNEES, M., SALAMEH, M., DARAGHMEH, A., KABHA, A., ALHABIL, Y., DARWISH, A., NAJAJRA, D., AWWAD, M., HAMDEH, N. ABU, and ABDOH, Q.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Liver biopsy is the gold standard method to evaluate patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, due to its several limitations and complications, a reliable and non-invasive marker is required to assess liver fibrosis. In this study, we compared the performance of the FIB-4 index [based on age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and platelets count] with the Scheuer scoring system of liver biopsies to evaluate the diagnostic utility of FIB-4 among NAFLD patients with different liver fibrosis severities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH) in Palestine. The FIB-4 index was calculated using laboratory data for 128 NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsies between November 2014 and July 2022. The results of FIB-4 were compared with the Scheuer scoring system of liver biopsies (using F0, F1+F2, F3+F4) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of FIB-4 in detecting and staging liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Out of 128 patients involved in our study, 49 of them had advanced fibrosis according to liver biopsy (F3+F4), where their FIB-4 indices showed 87% sensitivity at 1.45 cut off point and 87% specificity at 3.25 cut off point. CONCLUSIONS: The FIB-4 index may be used as a screening tool in the primary care setting. To raise awareness of liver diseases, this non-invasive, inexpensive, simple, and quick marker could identify people in need of further liver fibrosis evaluation and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

7. In vitro Assessment of the Food Preference and Toxicity of Five Insecticides against The Land Snail Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda; Helicidae).

Author

Al-Harbi, R. K., Ismail, A. M., Bashandy, A. S. M. E., Awwad, M. H., Raddy, H. M., and Korrat, E. E. E.

Subjects
FOOD preferences, INSECTICIDES, ASPARTATE aminotransferase, CHLORANTRANILIPROLE, GASTROPODA, AGRICULTURAL pests, NON-target organisms
Abstract

The land snail Eobania vermiculata is one of the most cosmopolitan and harmful agricultural pests, causing economic devastation to many crops. For this purpose, the choice and non-choice methods was used to determine the palatability of certain plants for E. vermiculata. Moreover, the vulnerability of the snail was assessed via its exposure to five common insecticides (spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and fipronil) using leaf-dipping technique under laboratory conditions. The median lethal dose was determined for each compound while biomarkers, such as enzymatic activity levels of AST, ALT, total protein TP, and lipid TL were used to evaluate sublethal effects. The findings of the no-choice feeding trial revealed that E. vermiculata significantly consumed a higher amount of Lactuca scariola var. sativa leaves compared to other tested plants. Cichorium cicorea leaves were found to be the least preferred by E. vermiculata, with an average of 1.71 g after 5 days. On the other hand, the results of the free choice feeding trial revealed that L. scariola var. sativa and Brassica oleracea leaves were the most frequently consumed by E. vermiculata. Conversely, E. vermiculata exhibited the lowest preference towards Brassica rapa leaves. The results of the molluscicidal activity indicated that the mortality rate is dose-dependent. After one month of exposure to a concentration of 1,000 ppm per 100 mL, chlorantraniliprole caused 46.4% mortality, followed by sulfoxaflor and fipronil, which exhibited equal mortality values of 42.9%. The latter insecticides revealed LC50 of 1,010.5, 2,501.9, and 1,444.7 ppm per 100 mL against E. vermiculata, respectively. Nevertheless, spinetoram and spirotetramat caused a lower mortality rate for E. vermiculata. The biochemical analysis results showed that the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total proteins (LP), and the lipid profile of E. vermiculata have increased by 50% in response to the insecticides. Compared to the control and other compounds, spirotetramat increased total cholesterol by 33 mg dL-1. The activity of ALT, AST, and triglycerides decreased after the application of spinetoram and fipronil treatment, with values reaching 13 u L-1, 32 u L-1, and 4 mg dL-1 of TL, respectively. However, no substantial effects of insecticides were observed on TP, Total cholesterol, LDH, or LP levels after the exposure period. The study's findings indicate that chlorantraniliprole, a novel insecticide group, could be a promising approach for controlling the land snail E. vermiculata. Unlike other, more hazardous insecticides, chlorantraniliprole has not previously been used to control snails. Furthermore, it appears to be safe for non-target organisms and mammals, making it an excellent choice for snail management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Scalable psychological interventions for Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle East: STRENGTHS study protocol for a prospective individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

de Graaff, AM, Cuijpers, P, Acarturk, C, Akhtar, A, Alkneme, MS, Aoun, M, Awwad, M, Bawaneh, AY, Brown, FL, Bryant, R, Burchert, S, Carswell, K, Drogendijk, A, Engels, M, Fuhr, DC, Hansen, P, van't Hof, E, Giardinelli, L, Hemmo, M, Hessling, JM, Ilkkursun, Z, Jordans, MJD, Kiselev, N, Knaevelsrud, C, Kurt, G, Martinmaki, S, McDaid, D, Morina, N, Naser, H, Park, A-L, Pfaltz, MC, Roberts, B, Schick, M, Schnyder, U, Spaaij, J, Steen, F, Taha, K, Uygun, E, Ventevogel, P, Whitney, C, Witteveen, AB, Sijbrandij, M, de Graaff, AM, Cuijpers, P, Acarturk, C, Akhtar, A, Alkneme, MS, Aoun, M, Awwad, M, Bawaneh, AY, Brown, FL, Bryant, R, Burchert, S, Carswell, K, Drogendijk, A, Engels, M, Fuhr, DC, Hansen, P, van't Hof, E, Giardinelli, L, Hemmo, M, Hessling, JM, Ilkkursun, Z, Jordans, MJD, Kiselev, N, Knaevelsrud, C, Kurt, G, Martinmaki, S, McDaid, D, Morina, N, Naser, H, Park, A-L, Pfaltz, MC, Roberts, B, Schick, M, Schnyder, U, Spaaij, J, Steen, F, Taha, K, Uygun, E, Ventevogel, P, Whitney, C, Witteveen, AB, and Sijbrandij, M

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization's (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The STRENGTHS consortium aims to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of the individual format of PM+ and its group version (gPM+), as well as of the digital SbS intervention among Syrian refugees in seven countries in Europe and the Middle East. This is a study protocol for a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to evaluate (1) overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and (2) treatment moderators of PM+, gPM+ and SbS with Syrian refugees. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Five pilot randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven fully powered RCTs conducted within STRENGTHS will be combined into one IPD meta-analytic dataset. The RCTs include Syrian refugees of 18 years and above with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10>15)) and impaired daily functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0>16)). Participants are randomised into the intervention or care as usual control group, and complete follow-up assessments at 1-week, 3-month and 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are symptoms of depression and anxiety (25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist). Secondary outcomes include daily functioning (WHODAS 2.0), PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) and self-identified problems (PSYCHLOPS). We will conduct a one-stage IPD meta-analysis using linear mixed models. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach, and the economic evaluation approach will be assessed using the CHEC-list. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Local ethical approval has been obtained for each RCT. This IPD meta-analysis does not require ethical approval. The re

Published
2022

11. Effectiveness of a brief group behavioral intervention for common mental disorders in Syrian refugees in Jordan: A randomized controlled trial

Author

Murray, S, Bryant, RA, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Giardinelli, L, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Cuijpers, P, Sijbrandij, M, Ventevogel, P, Dawson, K, Akhtar, A, Murray, S, Bryant, RA, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Giardinelli, L, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Cuijpers, P, Sijbrandij, M, Ventevogel, P, Dawson, K, and Akhtar, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders are frequently experienced by refugees. This study evaluates the impact of a brief, lay provider delivered group-based psychological intervention [Group Problem Management Plus (gPM+)] on the mental health of refugees in a camp, as well as on parenting behavior and children's mental health. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial, 410 adult Syrian refugees (300 females, 110 males) in Azraq Refugee Camp (Jordan) were identified through screening of psychological distress (≥16 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) and impaired functioning (≥17 on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule). Participants were randomly allocated to gPM+ or enhanced usual care (EUC) involving referral information for psychosocial services on a 1:1 ratio. Participants were aware of treatment allocation, but assessors were blinded to treatment condition. Primary outcomes were scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL; depression and anxiety scales) assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months follow-up as the primary outcome time point. It was hypothesized that gPM+ would result in greater reductions of scores on the HSCL than EUC. Secondary outcomes were disability, posttraumatic stress, personally identified problems, prolonged grief, prodromal psychotic symptoms, parenting behavior, and children's mental health. Between October 15, 2019 and March 2, 2020, 624 refugees were screened for eligibility, 462 (74.0%) screened positive, of whom 204 were assigned to gPM+ and 206 to EUC. There were 168 (82.4%) participants in gPM+ and 189 (91.7%) in EUC assessed at follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that at follow-up, participants in gPM+ showed greater reduction on HSCL depression scale than those receiving EUC (mean difference, 3.69 [95% CI 1.90 to 5.48], p = .001; effect size, 0.40). There was no difference between conditions in anxiety (mean difference -0.56, 95% CI -2.09 to 0.96; p = .47; effect

Published
2022

12. Twelve-month follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of a brief group psychological intervention for common mental disorders in Syrian refugees in Jordan

Author

Bryant, RA, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Giardinelli, L, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Cuijpers, P, Sijbrandij, M, Ventevogel, P, Dawson, K, Akhtar, A, Bryant, RA, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Giardinelli, L, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Cuijpers, P, Sijbrandij, M, Ventevogel, P, Dawson, K, and Akhtar, A

Abstract

AIMS: There is increasing evidence that brief psychological interventions delivered by lay providers can reduce common mental disorders in the short-term. This study evaluates the longer-term impact of a brief, lay provider delivered group psychological intervention (Group Problem Management Plus; gPM+) on the mental health of refugees and their children's mental health. METHODS: This single-blind, parallel, controlled trial randomised 410 adult Syrians in Azraq Refugee Camp in Jordan who screened positive for distress and impaired functioning to either five sessions of gPM+ or enhanced usual care (EUC). Primary outcomes were scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25; depression and anxiety scales) assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 12 months Secondary outcomes included disability, posttraumatic stress, personally identified problems, prolonged grief, prodromal psychotic symptoms, parenting behaviour and children's mental health. RESULTS: Between 15 October 2019 and 2 March 2020, 204 participants were assigned to gPM + and 206 to EUC, and 307 (74.9%) were retained at 12 months. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that although participants in gPM + had greater reductions in depression at 3 months, at 12 months there were no significant differences between treatment arms on depression (mean difference -0.9, 95% CI -3.2 to 1.3; p = 0.39) or anxiety (mean difference -1.7, 95% CI -4.8 to -1.3; p = 0.06). There were no significant differences between conditions for secondary outcomes except that participants in gPM + had greater increases in positive parenting. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term benefits of a brief, psychological programme delivered by lay providers may not be sustained over longer time periods, and there is a need for sustainable programmes that can prolong benefits gained through gPM + .

Published
2022

13. Scalable psychological interventions for Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle East: STRENGTHS study protocol for a prospective individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

Acartürk, Zeynep Ceren (ORCID 0000-0001-7093-1554 & YÖK ID 39271); İlkkurşun, Zeynep; Kurt, Gülşah, de Graaff, A.M.; Cuijpers, P.; Akhtar, A.; Alkneme, M.S.; Aoun, M.; Awwad, M.; Bawaneh, A.Y.; Brown, F.L.; Bryant, R.; Burchert, S.; Carswell, K.; Drogendijk, A.; Engels, M.; Fuhr, D.C.; Hansen, P.; van 't Hof, E.; Giardinelli, L.; Hemmo, M.; Hessling, J.M.; Jordans, M.J.D.; Kiselev, N.; Knaevelsrud, C.; Martinmaki, S.; McDaid, D.; Morina, N.; Naser, H.; Park, A.L.; Pfaltz, M.C.; Roberts, B.; Schick, M.; Schnyder, U.; Spaaij, J.; Steen, F.; Taha, K.; Uygun, E.; Ventevogel, P.; Whitney, C.; Witteveen, A.B.; Sijbrandij, M.; STRENGTHS consortium, College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Acartürk, Zeynep Ceren (ORCID 0000-0001-7093-1554 & YÖK ID 39271); İlkkurşun, Zeynep; Kurt, Gülşah, de Graaff, A.M.; Cuijpers, P.; Akhtar, A.; Alkneme, M.S.; Aoun, M.; Awwad, M.; Bawaneh, A.Y.; Brown, F.L.; Bryant, R.; Burchert, S.; Carswell, K.; Drogendijk, A.; Engels, M.; Fuhr, D.C.; Hansen, P.; van 't Hof, E.; Giardinelli, L.; Hemmo, M.; Hessling, J.M.; Jordans, M.J.D.; Kiselev, N.; Knaevelsrud, C.; Martinmaki, S.; McDaid, D.; Morina, N.; Naser, H.; Park, A.L.; Pfaltz, M.C.; Roberts, B.; Schick, M.; Schnyder, U.; Spaaij, J.; Steen, F.; Taha, K.; Uygun, E.; Ventevogel, P.; Whitney, C.; Witteveen, A.B.; Sijbrandij, M.; STRENGTHS consortium, College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization's (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The STRENGTHS consortium aims to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of the individual format of PM+ and?its group version (gPM+), as well as of the digital SbS intervention among Syrian refugees in seven countries in Europe and the Middle East. This is a study protocol for a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to evaluate (1) overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and (2) treatment moderators of PM+, gPM+ and?SbS with Syrian refugees. Methods and analysis: Five pilot randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven fully powered RCTs conducted within STRENGTHS will be combined into one IPD meta-analytic dataset. The RCTs include Syrian refugees of 18 years and above with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10>15)) and impaired daily functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0>16)). Participants are randomised into the intervention or care as usual control group, and complete follow-up assessments at 1-week, 3-month and 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are symptoms of depression and anxiety (25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist). Secondary outcomes include daily functioning (WHODAS 2.0), PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) and self-identified problems (PSYCHLOPS). We will conduct a one-stage IPD meta-analysis using linear mixed models. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach, and the economic evaluation approach will be assessed using the CHEC-list. Ethics and dissemination: Local ethical approval has been obtained for each RCT. This IPD meta-analysis does not require ethical approval. The re, European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014–2020)

Published
2022

18. Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–Free surgical pathways during the SARS-cov-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

Author

James C Glasbey, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Omar Omar, Elizabeth Li, Mary L Venn, Mohammad Abou Chaar, Vita Capizzi, Daoud Chaudhry, Anant Desai, Jonathan G Edwards, Jonathan P Evans, Marco Fiore, Jose Flavio Videria, Samuel J Ford, Ian Ganyli, Ewen A Griffiths, Rohan R Gujjuri, Angelos G Kolias, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Siobhan C McKay, Helen M Mohan, Keith Roberts, Carlos San Miguel-Méndez, Peter Pockney, Richard Shaw, Neil J Smart, Grant D Stewart, Sudha Sundar, Raghavan Vidya, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Omar Omar, Aneel A Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana Ff Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard Jw Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Neil J Smart, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran, Ewen A Griffiths, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard Pt Evans, Philip Townend, Keith Roberts, Siobhan McKay, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi, John Edwards, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli, Samuel Ford, Anant Desai, Alessandro Gronchi, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra, Angelos Kolias, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri, Richard Shaw, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly, Raghavan Vidya, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil, Sudha Sundar, Christina Fotopoulou, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, T S Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara, Grant D Stewart, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte, Joana Ff Simoes, Tom Ef Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna GrÜndl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, C Allemand, L Boccalatte, M Figari, M Lamm, J Larrañaga, C Marchitelli, F Noll, D Odetto, M Perrotta, J Saadi, L Zamora, C Alurralde, E L Caram, D Eskinazi, J P Mendoza, M Usandivaras, R Badra, A Esteban, J S García, P M García, J I Gerchunoff, S M Lucchini, M A NIgra, L Vargas, T Hovhannisyan, A Stepanyan, T Gould, R Gourlay, B Griffiths, S Gananadha, M McLaren, J Cecire, N Joshi, S Salindera, A Sutherland, J H Ahn, G Charlton, S Chen, N Gauri, R Hayhurst, S Jang, F Jia, C Mulligan, W Yang, G Ye, H Zhang, M Ballal, D Gibson, D Hayne, J Moss, T Richards, P Viswambaram, U G Vo, J Bennetts, T Bright, M Brooke-Smith, R Fong, B Gricks, Y H Lam, B S Ong, M Szpytma, D Watson, K Bagraith, S Caird, E Chan, C Dawson, D Ho, E Jeyarajan, S Jordan, A Lim, G J Nolan, A Oar, D Parker, H Puhalla, A Quennell, L Rutherford, P Townend, M Von Papen, M Wullschleger, A Blatt, D Cope, N Egoroff, M Fenton, J Gani, N Lott, P Pockney, N Shugg, M Elliott, D Phung, D Phan, D Townend, C Bong, J Gundara, A Frankel, S Bowman, G R Guerra, J Bolt, K Buddingh, N N Dudi-Venkata, S Jog, H M Kroon, T Sammour, R Smith, C Stranz, M Batstone, K Lah, W McGahan, D Mitchell, A Morton, A Pearce, M Roberts, G Sheahan, B Swinson, N Alam, S Banting, L Chong, P Choong, S Clatworthy, D Foley, A Fox, M W Hii, B Knowles, J Mack, M Read, A Rowcroft, S Ward, G Wright, M Lanner, I Königsrainer, M Bauer, C Freyschlag, M Kafka, F Messner, D Öfner, I Tsibulak, K Emmanuel, M Grechenig, R Gruber, M Harald, L Öhlberger, J Presl, A Wimmer, I Namazov, E Samadov, D Barker, R Boyce, S Corbin, A Doyle, A Eastmond, R Gill, A Haynes, S Millar, M O'Shea, G Padmore, N Paquette, E Phillips, S St John, K Walkes, N Flamey, P Pattyn, W Oosterlinck, J Van den Eynde, R Van den Eynde, A Gatti, C Nardi, R Oliva, R De Cicco, I Cecconello, P Gregorio, L Pontual Lima, U Ribeiro Junior, F Takeda, R M Terra, M Sokolov, B Kidane, S Srinathan, M Boutros, N Caminsky, G Ghitulescu, G Jamjoum, J Moon, J Pelletier, T Vanounou, S Wong, M Boutros, S Dumitra, A Kouyoumdjian, B Johnston, C Russell, M Boutros, S Demyttenaere, R Garfinkle, J Abou-Khalil, C Nessim, J Stevenson, F Heredia, A Almeciga, A Fletcher, A Merchan, L O Puentes, J Mendoza Quevedo, G Bacic, D Karlovic, D Krsul, M Zelic, I Luksic, M Mamic, B Bakmaz, I Coza, E Dijan, Z Katusic, J Mihanovic, I Rakvin, K Frantzeskou, N Gouvas, G Kokkinos, P Papatheodorou, I Pozotou, O Stavrinidou, A Yiallourou, L Martinek, M Skrovina, I Szubota, J Žatecký, V Javurkova, J Klat, T Avlund, P Christensen, J L Harbjerg, L H Iversen, D W Kjaer, Hø Kristensen, M Mekhael, A L Ebbehøj, P Krarup, N Schlesinger, H Smith, A Abdelsamed, A Y Azzam, H Salem, A Seleim, A Abdelmajeed, M Abdou, N E Abosamak, M Al Sayed, F Ashoush, R Atta, E Elazzazy, M Elhoseiny, M Elnemr, M S Elqasabi, M E Elsayed Hewalla, I Elsherbini, E Essam, M Eweda, I Ghallab, E Hassan, M Ibrahim, M Metwalli, M Mourad, M S Qatora, M Ragab, A Sabry, H Saifeldin, M Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas, A Samih, A Samir Abdelaal, S Shehata, K Shenit, D Attia, N Kamal, N Osman, A M Abbas, Has Abd Elazeem, M M Abdelkarem, S Alaa, A K Ali, A Ayman, M G Azizeldine, H Elkhayat, S M Elghazaly, F A Monib, M A Nageh, M M Saad, M Salah, M Shahine, E A Yousof, A Youssef, A Eldaly, M ElFiky, A Nabil, G Amira, I Sallam, M Sherief, A Sherif, A Abdelrahman, H Aboulkassem, G Ghaly, R Hamdy, A Morsi, H Salem, G Sherif, H Abdeldayem, I Abdelkader Salama, M Balabel, Y Fayed, A E Sherif, D Bekele, J Kauppila, E Sarjanoja, O Helminen, H Huhta, J H Kauppila, C Beyrne, L Jouffret, L Lugans, L Marie-Macron, E Chouillard, B De Simone, J Bettoni, S Dakpé, B Devauchelle, N Lavagen, S Testelin, S Boucher, R Breheret, A Gueutier, A Kahn, J KÜn-Darbois, A Barrabe, Z Lakkis, A Louvrier, S Manfredelli, P Mathieu, A Chebaro, V Drubay, M El Amrani, C Eveno, K Lecolle, G Legault, L Martin, G Piessen, F R Pruvot, S Truant, P Zerbib, Q Ballouhey, B Barrat, J Laloze, H Salle, A Taibi, J Usseglio, D Bergeat, A Merdrignac, Roy B Le, L O Perotto, A Scalabre, A Aimé, A Ezanno, B Malgras, P Bouche, S Tzedakis, E Cotte, O Glehen, V Kepenekian, J Lifante, G Passot, A D'Urso, E Felli, D Mutter, P Pessaux, B Seeliger, J Bardet, R Berry, G Boddaert, S Bonnet, E Brian, C Denet, D Fuks, D 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E Rahman, D Snee, R Vidya, N Yassin, F Colombo, D Fountain, M T Hasan, K Karabatsou, R Laurente, O Pathmanaban, A Al-Mukhtar, S Brown, J Edwards, A Giblin, C Kelty, M Lee, G Lye, T Newman, A Sharkey, C Steele, N Sureshkumar Shah, E Whitehall, R Athwal, A Baker, L Jones, C Konstantinou, S Ramcharan, S Singh, J Vatish, R Wilkin, M Ethunandan, G K Sekhon, H Shields, R Singh, F Wensley, S Lawday, A Lyons, T Abbott, S Anwar, K Ghufoor, C Sohrabi, E Chung, R Hagger, A Hainsworth, A Karim, H Owen, A Ramwell, K Williams, C Baker, A Davies, J Gossage, M Kelly, W Knight, J Hall, G Harris, G James, C Kang, D J Lin, A D Rajgor, T Royle, R Scurrah, B Steel, L J Watson, D Choi, R Hutchison, A Jain, V Luoma, H Marcus, R May, A Menon, B Pramodana, L Webber, I A Aneke, P Asaad, B Brown, J Collis, S Duff, A Khan, F Moura, B Wadham, H Warburton, T Elmoslemany, M Jenkinson, C Millward, R Zakaria, S Mccluney, C Parmar, S Shah, J Allison, M S Babar, B Collard, S Goodrum, K Lau, A Patel, R Scott, E Thomas, H Whitmore, D Balasubramaniam, B Jayasankar, S Kapoor, A Ramachandran, A Elhamshary, Smb Imam, K Kapriniotis, V Kasivisvanathan, J Lindsay, S Rakhshani-Moghadam, N Beech, M Chand, L Green, N Kalavrezos, H Kiconco, R McEwen, C Schilling, D Sinha, J Pereca, J Singh, S Chopra, D Egbeare, R Thomas, T Combellack, Sef Jones, M Kornaszewska, M Mohammed, A Sharma, G Tahhan, V Valtzoglou, J Williams, P Eskander, K Gash, L Gourbault, M Hanna, T Maccabe, C Newton, J Olivier, S Rozwadowski, E Teh, D West, H Al-Omishy, M Baig, H Bates, G Di Taranto, K Dickson, N Dunne, C Gill, D Howe, D Jeevan, A Khajuria, K Martin-Ucar AMcEvoy, P Naredla, V Ng, S Robertson, M Sait, D R Sarma, S Shanbhag, T Shortland, S Simmonds, J Skillman, N Tewari, G Walton, M A Akhtar, A Brunt, J McIntyre, K Milne, M M Rashid, A Sgro, K E Stewart, A Turnbull, M Aguilar Gonzalez, S Talukder, C Boyle, D Fernando, K Gallagher, A Laird, D Tham, M Bath, P Patki, C Sohrabi, C Tanabalan, T Arif, C Magee, T Nambirajan, S Powell, R Vinayagam, I Flindall, A Hanson, V Mahendran, S Green, M Lim, L MacDonald, V Miu, L Onos, K Sheridan, R Young, F Alam, O Griffiths, C Houlden, R Jones, V S Kolli, A K Lala, S Leeson, R Peevor, Z Seymour, L Chen, E Henderson, A Loehrer, K Brown, D Fleming, A Haynes, C Heron, C Hill, H Kay, E Leede, K McElhinney, K Olson, E C Osterberg, C Riley, P Srikanth, M Thornhill, D Blazer, G DiLalla, E S Hwang, W Lee, M Lidsky, J Plichta, L Rosenberger, R Scheri, K Shah, K Turnage, J Visgauss, S Zani, J Farma, J Clark, D Kwon, E Etchill, H E Gabre-Kidan AJenny, A Kent, M Ladd, C Long, H Malapati, A Margalit, S Rapaport, J Rose, K Stevens, L Tsai, D Vervoort, P Yesantharao, A Dehal, D Klaristenfeld, K Huynh, L Brown, I Ganly, J Mullinax, N Gusani, J Hazelton, J Maines, J S Oh, A Ssentongo, P Ssentongo, M Azam, A Choudhry, W Marx, J Fleming, A Fuson, J Gigliotti, A Ovaitt, Y Ying, M K Abel, V Andaya, K Bigay, M A Boeck, L Chen, H Chern, C Corvera, I El-Sayed, A Glencer, P Ha, Bcs Hamilton, C Heaton, K Hirose, D M Jablons, K Kirkwood, L Z Kornblith, J R Kratz, R Lee, P N Miller, E Nakakura, B Nunez-Garcia, R O'Donnell, D Ozgediz, P Park, B Robinson, A Sarin, B Sheu, M Varma, K Wai, R Wustrack, M J Xu, D Beswick, J Goddard, J Manor, J Song, T Fullmer, C Gaskill, N Gross, K Kiong, C L Roland, S N Zafar, M Abdallah, A Abouassi, M Almasri, G Kulkarni, H Marwan, M Mehdi, S Aoun, V S Ban, H H Batjer, J Caruso, D Abbott, A Acher, T Aiken, J Barrett, E Foley, P Schwartz, S N Zafar, A Hawkins, A Maiga, J Laufer, S Scasso

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Critical Care, SARS-CoV-2, International Cooperation, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Postoperative Complications, Elective Surgical Procedures, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Epidemics, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Published
2021

19. Feasibility trial of a scalable transdiagnostic group psychological intervention for Syrians residing in a refugee camp

Author

Akhtar, A, Giardinelli, L, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Sijbrandij, M, Cuijpers, P, Dawson, K, Bryant, R, Akhtar, A, Giardinelli, L, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Sijbrandij, M, Cuijpers, P, Dawson, K, and Bryant, R

Abstract

Background: Approximately 10% of Syrian refugees currently reside in camp settings, which can impose additional post-migration stressors. With elevated rates of psychological distress and few available resources, task-shifting psychosocial programmes are necessary to provide adequate care. One such programme developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is Group Problem Management Plus (GroupPM+). Objective: This study aimed to test the safety and acceptability of GroupPM+ in a refugee camp and to identify areas for adaptation in preparation for a definitive RCT. Method: A feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Syrian adults aged ≥18 years, (2) parent of a child aged 10-16 years, (3) experiencing psychological distress as defined by a score of ≥16 on the Kessler Distress Scale, and (4) ≥17 on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Following baseline assessments, participants were randomized to receive GroupPM+ or enhanced treatment-as-usual. Post-assessments were conducted one week following the last GroupPM+ session. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptance of GroupPM+; symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, prodromal psychosis, grief, and child's self-reported psychological distress were also assessed. Results: Of the 207 persons screened, 64 (31%) screened positive for psychological distress. Of the 35 randomized into the GroupPM+ intervention, 24 (69%) completed the intervention. No adverse events were reported throughout the trial. Children whose parents received GroupPM+ had greater reductions in internalizing and externalizing symptoms at posttreatment. 55 (86%) participants completed the post-assessment follow-up. These results demonstrate both the feasibility of conducting the trial in a camp and acceptance of the GroupPM+ intervention by Syrian refugees. Conclusions: Following the feasibility trial, both the implementation procedures and intervention were saf

Published
2021

20. A longitudinal study of mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Syrian refugees

Author

Akhtar, A, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Sijbrandij, M, Cuijpers, P, Bryant, RA, Akhtar, A, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Al-Hayek, H, Sijbrandij, M, Cuijpers, P, and Bryant, RA

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased anxiety and depression around the world. Refugees may be particularly vulnerable to the mental health effects of the pandemic because of their higher rates of mental health disorders, trauma histories, and daily stressors. OBJECTIVES: This study used data from a controlled trial of a brief behavioural intervention for psychological distress in Syrian refugees living in Azraq Camp in Jordan to examine the psychological effects of the pandemic on refugee mental health. METHOD: A total of 410 participants were randomized to either the intervention or control arms of the trial and were assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Half the sample (199; 48.5%) completed their 3-month follow-up assessment after the pandemic restrictions began in Jordan and 211 (51.5%) completed the assessment prior to the pandemic. Refugees were independently assessed for symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression at baseline and follow-up, and pandemic-related worries were assessed at follow-up for those who completed their assessment during the pandemic. RESULTS: The most commonly reported worries were economic difficulties (82.4%), shortage of essential supplies (71.3%), and infecting others (59.7%) or themselves (51.9%). Refugees who were assessed during the pandemic had less severe PTSD symptoms than those assessed prior to the pandemic. Significant predictors of pandemic-related worries were lower levels of depression prior to the pandemic and greater anxiety during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the specific needs of refugees during the pandemic and suggest that pre-existing mental health issues may not necessarily be the key risk factors for who will experience major mental health issues or worries during the pandemic.

Published
2021

23. Group problem management plus (gPM+) in the treatment of common mental disorders in Syrian refugees in a Jordanian camp: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author

Akhtar, A, Giardinelli, L, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Naser, H, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Sijbrandij, M, Bryant, RA, STRENGTHS Consortium, Akhtar, A, Giardinelli, L, Bawaneh, A, Awwad, M, Naser, H, Whitney, C, Jordans, MJD, Sijbrandij, M, Bryant, RA, and STRENGTHS Consortium

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Accessing quality mental health care poses significant challenges for persons affected by adversity, especially in low- and middle-income countries where resources are scarce. To mitigate this, the World Health Organization has developed group problem management plus (gPM+), a low-intensity psychological intervention for adults experiencing psychological distress. gPM+ is a group-based intervention consisting of five-sessions, and can be delivered by non-specialist providers. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial of gPM+ in Jordan. METHODS: We will conduct a single-blind, two-arm, randomized controlled trial in a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan. We aim to enrol 480 adults into the trial. Participants will be eligible for the trial if they screen positive for levels of psychological distress. Following screening, those eligible will be randomly assigned to receive the gPM+ intervention or enhanced treatment as usual. The primary outcome is reduction in levels of psychological distress at 3-months post-treatment. Secondary outcomes include anxiety, depression, prodromal psychotic symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, prolonged grief, daily functioning, economic effectiveness, and change in parenting behaviour. Secondary outcomes also include the reduction in psychological distress of the participant's child. DISCUSSION: The trial aims to deliver a template for affordable and scalable psychosocial interventions that can readily be implemented in refugee settings, and that can benefit both the participant and their child. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619001386123. Registered prospectively on 10/10/2019.

Published
2020

24. Optical amplification and stability of spiroquaterphenyl compounds and blends

Author

Fuhrmann-Lieker T., Lambrecht J., Hoinka N., Kiurski M., Wiske A., Hagelstein G., Yurttagü N., Abdel-Awwad M., Wilke H., Messow F., Hillmer H., and Salbeck J.

Subjects
amplified spontaneous emission, lasers, organic materials, optical materials, waveguides, threshold, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

In this contribution, we present a systematic investigation on a series of spiroquaterphenyl compounds optimised for solid state lasing in the near ultraviolet (UV). Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds in the order of 1 μ/cm2 are obtained in neat (undiluted) films and blends, with emission peaks at 390±1 nm for unsubstituted and meta-substituted quaterphenyls and 400±4 nm for para-ether substituted quaterphenyls. Mixing with a transparent matrix retains a low threshold, shifts the emission to lower wavelengths and allows a better access to modes having their intensity maximum deeper in the film. Chemical design and blending allow an independent tuning of optical and processing properties such as the glass transition.

Published
2015
Full Text
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45. T Cell-Mediated Tumor Regression in Experimental Systems

Author

North, R. J., Awwad, M., Dunn, P. L., Melchers, Fritz, editor, Albert, E. D., editor, von Boehmer, H., editor, Dierich, M. P., editor, Du Pasquier, L., editor, Eichmann, K., editor, Gemsa, D., editor, Götze, O., editor, Kalden, J. R., editor, Kaufmann, S. H. E., editor, Kirchner, H., editor, Resch, K., editor, Riethmüller, G., editor, Schimpl, A., editor, Sorg, C., editor, Steinmetz, M., editor, Wagner, H., editor, and Zachau, H. G., editor

Published
1989
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