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Pyruvate was produced using novel organic macronutrients, pre-treated rice straw and corn steep (CSL) in the media formulation. The results were optimised using response surface methodology and compared using glycerol and jackfruit peel as carbon source. The compromised optimisation of process parameters with rice straw as carbon source reveals significant effects on pyruvate concentration influencing linearly at confidence level at less than 1%. Optimal levels of CSL concentration assisted with incubation time and temperature for glycerol, rice straw, and jackfruit peel resulted in an overall yield of 45.03 g/L, 41.94 g/L, and 40.57 g/L for pyruvate concentration and 0.36 g/L, 0.74 g/L, and 0.87 g/L for reducing sugars, respectively. The purified pyruvate salt extracted from the optimised runs of the three carbon sources was tested using SEM analysis and was found comparable to industrial product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to see the impact of incorporation of aloe vera juice on the sensory and physico - chemical characteristics of juice blends. Aloe vera juice was incorporated into the best combination out of six different combinations of carrot - orange juice (CO) blends. Addition of aloe vera juice brought significant decrease in total solids, TSS, titrable acidity, reducing sugar and total sugar content of carrot orange - aloe vera juice (COA) blends. Ascorbic acid and beta carotene content of carrot - orange juice (CO) was found to be significantly higher than carrot orange - aloe vera juice (COA) blends. No significant difference was observed in the sensory attributes of CO and COA juice blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beetroot stalks are regarded as agroindustrial waste, despite their nutritious and colourant characteristics. The pigments found in beetroot waste stalks were extracted using an ultrasonication approach in this investigation. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate and assess the individual and interaction effects of power intensity, solid-solvent ratio, and sonication period on the betalains. Under optimal conditions (power intensity of 79.801 W/cm2, solid-solvent ratio of 22.4 g/ml, and sonication time of 26.7 min), the maximum betacyanin (3 mg/g) and betaxanthin (4.36 mg/g) were achieved. All responses of betalains extracted from beetroot waste stalks showed a significant (P <0.05) influence of process factors. It was also revealed in the study that ultrasound assisted extraction had actual yield of betalains (betacyanin, 2.92 mg/g and betaxanthin 4.27 mg/g), total phenolic content (69.74 mg GAE/g), as well as superior antioxidant activity (76.32%), than traditional techniques, under optimal conditions of independent process variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]