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Hazrat Bilal,1 Dongxing Zhang,2,3 Muhammad Shafiq,4 Muhammad Nadeem Khan,5 Canhua Chen,6 Sabir Khan,1 Qian Wang,1,7 Lin Cai,1 Muhammad Awais,8 Haibin Hu,9 Yuebin Zeng1,10 1Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 5Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; 6Clinical Laboratory, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Medical-Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Sassari, Italy; 8Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; 9The First Clinical Medical college, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 523808, People’s Republic of China; 10Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuebin Zeng, Tel +8618607549813, Email zeng_yb@163.comObjective: Cryptococcosis is a fatal infection that can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and it is little understood in China’s various regions. This research aimed to look at the epidemiology, risk factors, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Cryptococcus neoformans in eastern Guangdong, China.Methods: A six-year (2016– 2022) retrospective study was conducted at Meizhou People’s Hospital, China. Demographical, clinical, and laboratory data of cryptococcal patients were collected from hospital records and statistically analyzed using the chi-square and ANOVA tests.Results: Overall, 170 cryptococcal infections were recorded, of which meningitis accounted for 78 (45.88%), cryptococcemia for 50 (29.41%), and pneumonia for 42 (24.7%). The number of cases increased 8-fold during the study duration. The median age of patients was 58 years (Inter quartile range: 47– 66), and the high proportion of cases was from the male population (n = 121, 71.17%). The underlying diseases were identified only in 60 (35.29%) patients, of which 26 (15.29%) were severely immunocompromised, and 26 (15.29%) others were mildly immunocompromised. A statistically significant difference was reported for chronic renal failure, and anemia (p < 0.05) persisted in cases of three infection types. A high number of non-wild type (NWT) isolates were found against amphotericin B (n=13/145, 8.96%), followed by itraconazole (n=7/136, 5.15%) and voriconazole (n=4/158, 2.53%). Only six isolates (3.79%) were multidrug-resistant, four of which were from cryptococcemia patients. Compared to meningitis and pneumonia, cryptococcemia revealed a higher percentage of NWT isolates (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In high-risk populations, cryptococcal infections require ongoing monitoring and management.Keywords: cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, epidemiology, risk factors, antifungal susceptibility

A variety of genetic techniques have been devised to determine cell lineage relationships during tissue development. Some of these systems monitor cell lineages spatially and/or temporally without regard to gene expression by the cells, whereas others correlate gene expression with the lineage under study. The GAL4 Technique for Real-time and Clonal Expression (G-TRACE) system allows for rapid, fluorescent protein-based visualization of both current and past GAL4 expression patterns and is therefore amenable to genome-wide expression-based lineage screens. Here we describe the results from such a screen, performed by undergraduate students of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Undergraduate Research Consortium for Functional Genomics (URCFG) and high school summer scholars as part of a discovery-based education program. The results of the screen, which reveal novel expression-based lineage patterns within the brain, the imaginal disc epithelia, and the hematopoietic lymph gland, have been compiled into the G-TRACE Expression Database (GED), an online resource for use by the Drosophila research community. The impact of this discovery-based research experience on student learning gains was assessed independently and shown to be greater than that of similar programs conducted elsewhere. Furthermore, students participating in the URCFG showed considerably higher STEM retention rates than UCLA STEM students that did not participate in the URCFG, as well as STEM students nationwide.

In this work, we explore the mathematical structuring of Prandtl fluid flow towards an inclined stretched cylinder. Modelling of this newly proposed model is manifested in three different ways. A momentum equation for the concerned model is established under the role of an induced Lorentz field, whereas the thermal and mass transport mechanisms account for the role of the heat generation-absorption process and chemical reaction phenomenon. For a more realistic and schematic analyses of the present problem, the field expressions are expressed mathematically in terms of PDEs. The obtained intricate differential system is converted into ODEs by means of transformations. Improved numerical simulation is conducted using the Cash and Carp method to foresee the pattern of thermophysical distribution towards existing involved constraints. It is noticed that Prandtl fluid velocity declines for increases in both the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic parameter. Further, the fluid temperature increases the effects of the magnetic field, curvature, and the melting parameters while the concentration profile shows decline curves for both the Schmidt and chemical reaction parameters. It is important to note that this nature is preserved for both the magnetized and non-magnetized cases. Key words: Prandtl fluid model, chemical reaction, MHD, melting heat transfer, heat generation-absorption, Runge-Kutta method (Cash and Carp). Nous cherchons ici une description mathematique pour l'ecoulement d'un fluide de Prandtl vers un cylindre incline etire. La modelisation de ce nouveau systeme implique trois elements. L'equation d'impulsion pour ce modele est obtenue en incluant un champ de Lorentz, alors que les mecanismes de transport de chaleur et de masse tiennent compte de la generation/ absorption de chaleur et des reactions chimiques respectivement. Pour une analyse plus schematique et plus realiste, les champs sont decrits par des equations aux derivees partielles. Afin de faciliter la solution, ces equations sont transformees en equations differentielles ordinaires par transformations de similarite. Ces dernieres sont alors solutionnees numeriquement par la version de Cash et Carp de la methode de Runge-Kutta pour obtenir les distributions thermo-physiques satisfaisant les contraintes du probleme. Nous notons que la vitesse du fluide de Prandtl diminue sous augmentation des parametres de Prandtl et d'elasticite. De plus, la temperature du fluide est stimulee par le champ magnetique, la courbure et le parametre de fusion, mais le profil de concentration diminue suite a l'augmentation des parametres de Schmidt et de reaction chimique. Il est important de dire que ces conclusions restent vraies avec et sans champ magnetique. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : modele du fluide de Prandtl, reaction chimique, MHD, transfert de chaleur de fusion, generation/absorption de chaleur, methode de Runge-Kutta (Cash et Carp)., 1. Introduction The investigation of the mutual interaction between moving fluids and the magnetic field is commonly known as magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Alfven [1] was the first to describe the class [...]

After various thought-provoking experimental and theoretical investigations on heat transfer characteristics of usual liquids, researchers recommended the idea of inclusion of nano-sized structures into host liquid. This idea yielded a tremendous revolution in the world of fluid mechanics and brought researchers' and scientists' attention in this direction. The present paper is addresses enhancing the unique flow features of Williamson fluid by the inclusion of nano-sized particles. The Williamson fluid model along with prominent factors like magnetic field, heat generation-absorption, stagnation point, and active heat-mass flux are considered over a wedge. The mathematical formulation for the concerned problem is addressed in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations under acceptable governing laws. The attained system of coupled equations is hard to solve analytically. Therefore, a self-coded algorithm known as the shooting method is executed to report a numerical solution. A graphical representation of pertinent profiles and the parameters that affect them are included. Tabular and graphical trends present the influence of involved variables on Williamson momentum conservation and thermal and mass fields. In addition, the physical quantities at the surface of the wedge are also examined. In addition, reliability of the current work is established by constructing a comparison for skin friction values with the published literature. Our result indicates that increment in unsteadiness parameter causes temperature and concentration drop of flowing fluid over the wedge, whereas a positive effect on momentum profile is manifested. Furthermore, viscosity ratio parameter tends to follow the temperature and increase the velocity field. Magnetic field controls the turbulence by decreasing the velocity and increases the temperature. Accelerating behavior in velocity field and diminishing pattern in velocity is portrayed. Key words: Williamson nanofluid model, wedge surface, melting heat transfer, new mass flux condition, Cash and Carp method, heat generation-absorption. Apres un grand nombre des travaux experimentaux et theoriques sur les caracteristiques de transfert de chaleur de liquides normaux, les chercheurs se penchent maintenant sur l'inclusion de nanoparticules dans les liquides. Cette idee represente une revolution importante dans le monde de la mecanique des fluides qui incite les chercheurs et scientifiques a aller dans cette direction. Gardant a l'esprit ces faits interessants, nous examinons ici l'amelioration des proprietes d'ecoulement d'un liquide de Williamson apres ajout de nanoparticules. En vue d'identifier les ameliorations que cela apporte au liquide de Williamson, nous considerons un modele avec des facteurs importants, comme le champ magnetique, la generation- absorption de chaleur, le point de stagnation et le flot actif de chaleur-masse passant un coin. La formulation mathematique du probleme s'ecrit sous la forme d'un systeme d'equations differentielles ordinaires avec certaines lois directrices pertinentes. L'ensemble du systeme d'equations ainsi obtenu est tres difficile a solutionner analytiquement. Nous utilisons notre logiciel de calcul utilisant la methode de tir pour obtenir une solution numerique. Nous faisons une presentation graphique des parametres importants correspondant a des profils pertinents. Nous utilisons tables et graphiques pour presenter l'influence des variables impliquees sur la conservation de l'impulsion de Williamson et les champs thermique et massique. Nous examinons aussi les quantites physiques a la surface du coin. Nous validons nos resultats en comparant nos valeurs de friction superficielle avec des valeurs dans la litterature. Nos resultats indiquent que l'augmentation du parametre d'instabilite cause une baisse de la temperature et de la concentration du flot passant le coin, alors que l'impulsion augmente. De plus, le parametre de rapport de viscosite tend a fixer la temperature et augmente le champ de vitesse. Le champ magnetique controle la turbulence en diminuant la vitesse et augmentant la temperature. Nous illustrons l'acceleration du champ de vitesse et la diminution du profil de vitesse. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : modele du nanofluide de Williamson, surface d'un coin, transfert de chaleur de fusion, nouvelle condition de flot massique, methode de Cash Karp., 1. Introduction Academic curiosity and technological applications have generated prodigious interest from the current research community towards the understanding of non-Newtonian fluid rheology. In recent years numerous investigations of these [...]

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