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Inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently seen considerable progress, and this has encouraged researchers to evolve and test numerous different and potentially improved device architectures. As a result, in this paper, a theoretical design for improving light absorption to obtain maximum photocurrent using NiO/GeSe core–shell nanostructures is introduced. The effects of using nanostructure arrays, based on the light trapping technique, on the light absorption, generation of carriers, absorption field profiles, and finally the photocurrent density of PSCs, have been investigated through a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain approach. By selecting NiO and GeSe as the core and the shell materials, the absorption of the active layer has been increased, relative to the use of a conventional planar structure. This core–shell nanostructure leads to a reduction in the carrier recombination within the PSC proposed design. The results obtained from our simulation show that the device performance is highly dependent on the height and materials used in the core–shell. Significantly, an optimal height of 160 nm was obtained for core–shell in a PSC design with a J ph value of 27.23 m A / c m 2 .

BACKGROUND: Left‐sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) can result in mitral (MP) and aortic (AP) valve perforation, the prognostic significance of which remains poorly defined. HYPOTHESIS: Valvular perforation is associated with worse outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with LNVIE during 1998–2005 was performed to examine characteristics and outcome predictors of LNVIE complicated by valve perforation. Patients were stratified as: group A: MP or AP detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or surgery; group B: no TEE evidence of MP or AP. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients were included (group A = 47, group B = 76). In group A, 35 patients (74.5%) had MP alone, 11 (23.4%) had AP alone, and 1 patient had both. Severe valvular insufficiency was encountered more in group A (85.1% versus 59.2%, p = 0.003), so was hemodialysis (40.4% versus 17.1%, p = 0.004) and indications for valvular surgery (93.6% versus 77.6%, p = 0.02). Group A had a higher rate of in‐hospital death (31.9% versus 15.8%, p = 0.04). Among patients who had an indication for valvular surgery, the in‐hospital mortality rate for those who underwent valvular surgery was 16.7% in group A, and 7.9% in group B (p = 0.4), compared to those who did not undergo surgery (71.4% versus 33.3%, p = 0.04). Amongst survivors, hospital stay was on average 9.2 d longer in group A (38.9 versus 29.7 d, p = 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed association between lower survival and valvular perforation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.95), that was lost after adjusting for hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Valve perforation complicating LNVIE is associated with hemodialysis, severe valvular insufficiency, and significant morbidity and mortality. Compared to conservative management, early surgical intervention is associated with improved survival. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Die Arbeit untersucht die architektonischen, administrativen und ökonomischen Aspekte des sogenannten Schatzhauses, einer Wirtschaftinstitution aus der Zeit des pharaonisch-ägyptischen Neuen Reiches (15. bis 10. Jahrhundert v.u.Z.). Die Institution konnte weiter in verschiedene Funktionsbereiche differenziert werden. Hierbei war es möglich, sowohl die Hierarchie innerhalb der dem Schatzhaus zugeordneten Beamten als auch die spezifische Zuordnung der Beamten zu den einzelnen Funktionsbereichen des Schatzhauses zu klären.