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533 results on '"Aw, T."'

5. Vegetation Loss Following Vertical Drowning of Mississippi River Deltaic Wetlands Leads to Faster Microbial Decomposition and Decreases in Soil Carbon

Author

Creamer, C. A., primary, Waldrop, M. P., additional, Stagg, C. L., additional, Manies, K. L., additional, Baustian, M. M., additional, Laurenzano, C., additional, Aw, T. G., additional, Haw, M., additional, Merino, S. L., additional, Schoolmaster, D. R., additional, Sevilgen, S., additional, Villani, R. K., additional, and Ward, E. J., additional

Published
2024
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6. Oral digoxin effects on Lac- regulation during intense intermittent exercise using small and large contracting muscle mass in healthy humans

Author

Sostaric, S., primary, Petersen, A., additional, Goodman, C., additional, Gong, X., additional, Aw, T., additional, Brown, M., additional, Garnham, A., additional, Steward, C., additional, Murphy, K., additional, Carey, K., additional, Leppik, J., additional, Fraser, S., additional, Cameron-Smith, D., additional, Krum, H., additional, Snow, R., additional, and McKenna, M., additional

Published
2023
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11. Oral digoxin effects on exercise performance, K+ regulation and skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase in healthy humans

Author

Sostaric, S, Petersen, AC, Goodman, CA, Gong, X, Aw, T-J, Brown, MJ, Garnham, A, Steward, CH, Murphy, KT, Carey, KA, Leppik, J, Fraser, SF, Cameron-Smith, D, Krum, H, Snow, RJ, McKenna, MJ, Sostaric, S, Petersen, AC, Goodman, CA, Gong, X, Aw, T-J, Brown, MJ, Garnham, A, Steward, CH, Murphy, KT, Carey, KA, Leppik, J, Fraser, SF, Cameron-Smith, D, Krum, H, Snow, RJ, and McKenna, MJ

Abstract

We investigated whether digoxin lowered muscle Na+ ,K+ -ATPase (NKA), impaired muscle performance and exacerbated exercise K+ disturbances. Ten healthy adults ingested digoxin (0.25 mg; DIG) or placebo (CON) for 14 days and performed quadriceps strength and fatiguability, finger flexion (FF, 105%peak-workrate , 3 × 1 min, fourth bout to fatigue) and leg cycling (LC, 10 min at 33% V O 2 peak ${\rm{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{peak}}}$ and 67% V O 2 peak ${\rm{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{peak}}}$ , 90% V O 2 peak ${\rm{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{peak}}}$ to fatigue) trials using a double-blind, crossover, randomised, counter-balanced design. Arterial (a) and antecubital venous (v) blood was sampled (FF, LC) and muscle biopsied (LC, rest, 67% V O 2 peak ${\rm{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{peak}}}$ , fatigue, 3 h after exercise). In DIG, in resting muscle, [3 H]-ouabain binding site content (OB-Fab ) was unchanged; however, bound-digoxin removal with Digibind revealed total ouabain binding (OB+Fab ) increased (8.2%, P = 0.047), indicating 7.6% NKA-digoxin occupancy. Quadriceps muscle strength declined in DIG (-4.3%, P = 0.010) but fatiguability was unchanged. During LC, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue and [K+ ]a were unchanged, whilst [K+ ]v was lower (P = 0.042) and [K+ ]a-v greater (P = 0.004) than in CON; with exercise (main effects), muscle OB-Fab was increased at 67% V O 2 peak ${\rm{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{peak}}}$ (per wet-weight, P = 0.005; per protein P = 0.001) and at fatigue (per protein, P = 0.003), whilst [K+ ]a , [K+ ]v and [K+ ]a-v were each increased at fatigue (P = 0.001). During FF, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue, [K+ ]a , [K+ ]v and [K+ ]a-v were unchanged; with exercise (main effects), plasma [K+ ]a , [K+ ]v , [K+ ]a-v and muscle K+ efflux were all increased at fatigue (P = 0.001). Thus, muscle strength declined, but functional muscle NKA content was preserved during DIG, despite elevated plasma digoxin and muscle NKA-digoxin oc

Published
2022

21. The heparin‐von Willebrand factor interaction and conventional tests of haemostasis – the challenges in predicting bleeding in cardiopulmonary bypass

Author

Ranger, Amita, primary, Gaspar, Mihaela, additional, Elkhatteb, Amira, additional, Jackson, Tim, additional, Fox, Steve, additional, Aw, T. C., additional, Vipond, Lisa, additional, Cotterill, Judy, additional, Ghori, Arshad, additional, Laffan, Mike, additional, and Arachchillage, Deepa R. J., additional

Published
2020
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25. Depigmentation of hair in mice due to tumour-promoters and other chemicals

Author

Aw, T. C. and Boyland, E.

Subjects
590, Zoology
Abstract

Sixty-six compound including carcinogens, related compounds and non-carcinogens were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide or saline and injected intradermally into C57 Black male mice. Localised areas of depigmentation occurred with some chemicals . The effect was related to tumour-promotion with 56% of known tumour-promoters tested producing depigmentation compared with 24% of carcinogens and 17% of substances not known to be carcinogenic. Direct carcinogens ouch as alkylating agents which have both initiating and. tumour-promoting activity produced depigmentaion. Indirect carcinogens such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines which require metabolic activation were not active. Some compounds known to cause occupational leukoderma were active. Amongst the tumour-promoters, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TBA). carbon dioxide snow and croton oil produced the most prominent depigmentation. The dose producing the effect in half the injected sites (i.e. ED50) was 0 .018 μg for TPA, 0.18 μg for nitrogen mustard and 101 μg for chloroform. Other tumour-promoters causing slight or moderate depigmentation included Tween 20, saccharin and dodecane. The promoters anthralin and phenobarbitone did not produce depigmentation when injected in tolerated doses. Histological examination and electron microscopy of depigmented areas showed loss of pigment in affected hair and a decrease in melanocytes at the hair bulbs. the latent period for depigmentation was usually between three to six weeks, but ground Crocidolite fibres produced depigmentation after sixteen weeks. Other forms of asbestos fibres caused no depigmentation. The depigmentation of hair might be developed as a short-term screening test for tumour-promotion.

Published
1980
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44. The heparin‐von Willebrand factor interaction and conventional tests of haemostasis – the challenges in predicting bleeding in cardiopulmonary bypass.

Author

Ranger, Amita, Gaspar, Mihaela, Elkhatteb, Amira, Jackson, Tim, Fox, Steve, Aw, T. C., Vipond, Lisa, Cotterill, Judy, Ghori, Arshad, Laffan, Mike, and Arachchillage, Deepa R. J.

Subjects
HEMORRHAGE, SURGICAL blood loss, HEMOSTASIS, BLOOD products, VON Willebrand factor, PLATELET function tests, CARDIOPULMONARY bypass
Abstract

Summary: Bleeding is a significant complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), despite routine anticoagulation monitoring. This is likely to be multifactorial. In this prospective, single‐centre cohort study of 30 patients undergoing CPB surgery, our aim was to characterise the changes in von Willebrand factor (VWF) function, platelet interaction and the global coagulation changes during and after CPB surgery and to determine whether bleeding can be predicted. Samples were taken at six time points before, during and after CPB surgery. We observed a significant rise in VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) throughout surgery, which continued postoperatively. The absolute VWF collagen‐binding assays (VWF:CB) and VWF ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) rose significantly but the VWF:CB/VWF:Ag and VWF:Ag/VWF:RCo fell significantly (P = 0·0015 and P = 0·0143), suggesting loss of large multimers. We detected a non‐significant trend to loss of VWF:RCo after heparinisation and a significant recovery after protamine reversal which could reflect a direct heparin effect. There was a significant increase in the R and K times with a fall in alpha angle and maximum amplitude after heparin administration, using heparinase‐thromboelastography (TEG). The parameters both significantly improved following protamine (P = 0·007 and P = 0·0054). The activated clotting time (ACT) and heparin anti‐Xa level correlated poorly; neither predicted clinically significant bleeding. None of these parameters had a relationship with intraoperative blood loss or requirement for blood product replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Correspondence

Author

Scobbie, A. E., Aw, T. C., James, W. H., Wacholder, Sholom, Hartge, Patricia, Lubin, Jay H., Dosemeci, Mustafa, Sorahan, Tom, and Gilthorpe, Mark S.

Published
1995

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