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Blind face restoration usually relies on facial priors, such as facial geometry prior or reference prior, to restore realistic and faithful details. However, very low-quality inputs cannot offer accurate geometric prior while high-quality references are inaccessible, limiting the applicability in real-world scenarios. In this work, we propose GFP-GAN that leverages rich and diverse priors encapsulated in a pretrained face GAN for blind face restoration. This Generative Facial Prior (GFP) is incorporated into the face restoration process via spatial feature transform layers, which allow our method to achieve a good balance of realness and fidelity. Thanks to the powerful generative facial prior and delicate designs, our GFP-GAN could jointly restore facial details and enhance colors with just a single forward pass, while GAN inversion methods require image-specific optimization at inference. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves superior performance to prior art on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

BACKGROUND: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) is dened as an infection related to an operative procedure that occurs at or near the surgical incision within 30 days of the procedure, or within 90 days if prosthetic material is implanted at surgery—is among the most common preventable complication after surgery. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence and risk factors of SSI in our hospital and to nd out the areas which need concern and methods to reduce SSI. METHODOLOGY: Study was conducted over a period of 1 year. A total of 300 cases of General Surgery presented to our hospital were included in the study. A few host factors, wound factors and surgery related factors that cause SSI were studied. Swabs from infected surgical wounds were sent to the department of Microbiology for pus culture and sensitivity. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Certain associated factors such as increased duration of surgeries (>2hours) and prolonged drain placement were found to be signicantly associated with occurrence of SSI and the surgeries with class 1 (clean) wound showed minimum risk of infection. Escherichia coli (28.75%) was the commonest pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20%) .The incidence of SSI in the hospital is 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study revealed that in order to decrease the incidence of SSI we need to: a) If possible try to reduce the duration of the surgeries performed b) should give emphasis on drain care c) co-morbidities should be looked for and managed prior to surgery d) a regular monitoring should be done in both emergency and elective operation theatres in order to reduce the risk of SSI.

With an rise in energy needs and environmental deterioration, industrialists are urged to pursue environmentally sustainable substitutes. This research includes the use of TiO2 nanoparticles to boost oil lubricity. Euphorbia lathyris oil has been employed as a source oil during the study. The primary intent of this research is to investigate the friction and wear features of Euphorbia lathyris oil. During this analysis, distinct loads are applied at constant temperatures throughout the implementation procedure. Different concentration of nanoparticles chosen on the basis of the foregoing research being included. The minimal friction coefficient became reached by adding close to 0.3% of nanoparticles. As during maximum proportion of nanoparticles incorporated, additional disc wear occured. Enhanced outcome in terms of wear of the specimens were recorded at 0.3% of nanoparticles compared to untreated Euphorbia lathyris oil. The SEM images of the lubricants also shows improved surface at 0.3% concentration.

In an automotive application it is necessary to use the lubricants between the contacting/ moving surfaces. The world is suffering from the lack of mineral based lubricating oil and the hick in price as well as mineral oil based lubricants effect the environment also. The vegetable oil based lubricants become the good alternate of the mineral based oils due to its biodegradability, zero green-house effect and non-toxicity behaviour. In this review different types of vegetable oils are studied and the comparative studied also done between the oils. The thermo-physical parameters, velocity index and other properties of the oil are also considered. The use of additives and the nanoparticles additives are also considered in this paper. The nanoparticles additives enhance the lube properties of base oil due to which the more reduction in friction and wear are observed.

EDM is one of the advanced machining process which is used to machine any electrically conductive material. Dielectric fluid is an unavoidable component in this process. Dielectric fluid plays a significant role on the characteristics of machining process such as tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and more. Conventional dielectric fluid having disadvantages like they emit carbon die oxide, carbon mono oxide gases in the environment. Vegetable based bio-oil/ biodiesels are biodegradable, environment friendly and they emit less harmful gases. In this paper study of various waste vegetable oils used as dielectric fluid are considered and the overall effect on the EDM are analysed. The various properties of biodiesel/bio-oil such flash point, viscosity index, and surface roughness etc. are compared with the traditionally dielectric fluid. The study shows that the vegetable based biodiesel could be an alternate of traditional based oil. The High MRR, good surface area and effective TWR are observed from the study. The comparative study of Jatropha curcas oil and Kerosene oil shows that the jatropha curcas oil highly effective over kerosene.

Protein arginine (R) methylation is a post-translational modification involved in various biological processes, such as RNA splicing, DNA repair, immune response, signal transduction, and tumor development. Although several advancements were made in the study of this modification by mass spectrometry, researchers still face the problem of a high false discovery rate. We present a dataset of high-quality methylations obtained from several different heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture experiments analyzed with a machine learning-based tool and show that this model allows for improved high-confidence identification of real methyl-peptides. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that protein R methylation modulates protein- RNA interactions and suggest a role in rewiring protein- protein interactions, for which we provide experimental evidence for a representative case (i.e., NONO [non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein]- paraspeckle component 1 [PSPC1]). Upon intersecting our R-methyl-sites dataset with the PhosphoSitePlus phosphorylation dataset, we observed that R methylation correlates differently with S/T-Y phosphorylation in response to various stimuli. Finally, we explored the application of heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify unconventional methylated residues and successfully identified novel histone methylation marks on serine 28 and threonine 32 of H3. The database generated, named ProMetheusDB, is freely accessible at https://bioserver.ieo.it/shiny/app/ prometheusdb.

Due to their non-polluting characteristics and cost-competitiveness compared to fossil fuels, biofuels are rapidly gaining traction as alternative sources of renewable energy. However, to accelerate their development, the attention is unstable on the deployment of technology that will enhance their production. Nanoparticles are attracting popularity among researchers due to their unique qualities, which allow them to be used in various industries, including agriculture, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry. To improve the performance of these bioprocesses, they are also being investigated in biofuels. This study critically evaluates the studies available in the literature that have investigated nanoparticles in biofuel production processes to improve process yields. It also assesses the impact of immobilized nanoparticles on biofuels like biodiesel and nanoparticles capability to conquer inhibitory chemicals under precise circumstances efficiently. A brief section on the parameters determining nanoparticle performance in biofuels production processes is presented. Our article aims to determine how nanoparticles play a significant role in the creation of various biofuels at each stage of the production process as well as the technical challenges that the researchers confront throughout the manufacturing processes. At last, the study accomplishes recommendations for developments and prospective future research into these nanoparticle based bioprocesses.

Protein Arginine (R) methylation is a post-translational modification involved in various biological processes, such as RNA splicing, DNA repair, immune response, signal transduction, and tumour development. Although several advancements were made in the study of this modification by mass spectrometry, researchers still face the problem of a high false discovery rate. We present a dataset of high-quality methylations obtained from several different heavy methyl SILAC (hmSILAC) experiments analysed with a machine learning-based tool doublets and show that this model allows for improved high-confidence identification of real methyl-peptides. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that protein R methylation modulates protein:RNA interactions and suggest a role in rewiring protein:protein interactions, for which we provide experimental evidence for a representative case (i.e. NONO:PSPC1). Upon intersecting our R-methyl-sites dataset with a phosphosites dataset, we observed that R methylation correlates differently with S/T-Y phosphorylation in response to various stimuli. Finally, we explored the application of hmSILAC to identify unconventional methylated residues and successfully identified novel histone methylation marks on Serine 28 and Threonine 32 of H3.

The degradation of the environment is a rapid increase due to the application of petroleum based products. The synthetic lubricants are used for reducing the friction between the parts during their contact. But its application is harmful to the environment. To provide a substitute, non-edible oils are one of the better sources. In this study, Raphnus raphanistrum was introduced as a bio based lubricant and positive results were obtained. The friction and wear pof the parts gets reduced during its application at all the conditions applied. Also, wear scar diameter gets reduced during its usage.

Due to continuous extraction of fossil fuels to meet the the energy demand has put adverse effect on our environment leads to focus more on ecological sources to meet the energy demand. Also, the high cost of edible oil in recent years shifts to work on non-edible oil that are easily available, low cost and clean form of energy source. In this study, the work is focused on Styrax officinalis as the feedstock for bio-lubricant production. The different loads were applied and maximum friction was observed at higher loads. The chemically modified Styrax oil showed better properties. Reduction in friction and wear was observed.

The degradation of the environment showed interest in searching for an alternative possibilities of the conventional lubricants. Michelia Champaca oil was suitable in this direction due to its high viscosity and flash point. The oil was chemically modified before its usage as bio based lubricant. The different load was applied on the machine. The load was varied from 20 N to 50 N with a successive gap of 10 N. The sliding speed was considered 300 rpm and 3000 m sliding distance was taken during the analysis. The less friction was obtained at lower loads and it increases with respect to loads. The Michelia Champaca Showed less friction and wear at all the loads and also it showed less worn surface for all the conditions applied.

The pollution has been increased around the globe due to the usage of petroleum products. In providing lubrication, synthetic lubricants are in use but their degradation is harmful due to their high toxicity. In order to reduce their application, non-edible vegetable oils are suitable alternatives. In this study, Schlichera oleosa was used as bio based lubricant. In this process, different loads were applied at constant sliding speed. At higher loads, more amount of friction and wear was observed. The reduction in friction and wear was obtained during the application of Schlichera oleosa bio based lubricant in comparison to the Schlichera oleosa oil. Also, minimum wear scar was formed during utilization of bio based lubricant.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is currently the most successful approach to measure and compare peptides and proteins in a large variety of biological samples. Modern mass spectrometers, equipped with high-resolution analyzers, provide large amounts of data output. This is the case of shotgun/bottom-up proteomics, which consists in the enzymatic digestion of protein into peptides that are then measured by MS-instruments through a data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Dedicated bioinformatic tools and platforms have been developed to face the increasing size and complexity of raw MS data that need to be processed and interpreted for large-scale protein identification and quantification. This chapter illustrates the most popular bioinformatics solution for the analysis of shotgun MS-proteomics data. A general description will be provided on the data preprocessing options and the different search engines available, including practical suggestions on how to optimize the parameters for peptide search, based on hands-on experience.

This paper presents a novel approach with Graphene devices that are highly sensitive in detecting IR energy. Current non-imaging techniques like ultrasonography have been proposed for thyroid diagnosis with limitations on ability to detect low-temperature distribution around the hot spot at the starting stage of the thyroid hyperthyroidism. The energy distribution around hotspot is minimal at the beginning stage. This detection may require ultra-high sensitive materials to the IR energy. A computer modeling using COMSOL software shows the thermal energy simulation of a thyroid gland with single or multiple active nodules. Data collection of the energy levels and condition of thyroid in the human body support the work investigated in this study. The study conducted here has shown as low as 0.1 - 5 mW IR power can be detected based on the Graphene device sensitivity. The paper details the simulation and approach for this non-invasive diagnosis.

Using of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, due to their high specific modulus and corrosion resistance properties, becomes a common practice as an alternative to heavyweight metallic materials. Using metallic fillers in FRP composites provides electromagnetic shielding but can affect their mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, glass fibre reinforced polyester composite sheets are fabricated with mild steel as filler. Mild steel filler is extracted from gear grinding waste of CNC machine. An experiment is conducted to check the effect of metallic filler on tensile and flexural strength of FRP composite. Both flexural and tensile strength first decrease on the addition of filler content up to 15% while an increment has been observed when filler content is increased from 15 to 25% which is explained on the basis of dispersion of filler and bonding of filler particles with resin molecules.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is currently the most successful approach to measure and compare peptides and proteins in a large variety of biological samples. Modern mass spectrometers, equipped with high-resolution analyzers, provide large amounts of data output. This is the case of shotgun/bottom-up proteomics, which consists in the enzymatic digestion of protein into peptides that are then measured by MS-instruments through a data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Dedicated bioinformatic tools and platforms have been developed to face the increasing size and complexity of raw MS data that need to be processed and interpreted for large-scale protein identification and quantification. This chapter illustrates the most popular bioinformatics solution for the analysis of shotgun MS-proteomics data. A general description will be provided on the data preprocessing options and the different search engines available, including practical suggestions on how to optimize the parameters for peptide search, based on hands-on experience.

In general, the composites are electric insulators, but there are so many applications where the properties of composites are required along with partial conductivity. In aeronautical applications to avoid turbulence, it is required to provide electromagnetic shielding effect along with an increase in electrical conductivity. While improving electrical conductivity to serve the purpose for which the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is fabricated, balancing other properties such as mechanical and thermal properties is an essential task. In this paper, a brief review of the previous work is carried out to understand the effect of various metallic fillers on the characteristics of FRP composite. After reviewing the scope of using metallic filler in FRP composites, it is figured out that the electrical conductivity of FRP can be improved by adopting metal particulates as fillers in the process of FRP fabrication. These procedures play an additional role in the FRP structure, and the electrical conductivity rises significantly in some of the cases.

Background :- Electricity has become an integral part of our lives in today’s era of technology . Electrical burn injuries comprise a low fraction of the entire burn admissions but they are potentially a mutilating type. The aim of this study is to know the demographic pattern of electric burn cases in our region, along with the morbidity and management of electric burn injuries in a tertiary centre of central india. Methods :- This was a retrospective study conducted by reviewing the medical records of all burn admissions from July 2017 to June 2019 and data was analysed for demographic characteristics and outcomes and patterns of electric burn injury Results :- Out of 26 total electric burn cases, maximum cases (65.38%) were adult above 20 years of age. Having male to female ratio of 3.5:1 , most of them belonged to rural place. (84.61%) Of all the cases studied,maximum were of High Voltage (>1000 V) Injury 61.53%, encountered mostly in outdoors and at work places.Hand (50%) was the commonest part to be affected. 61.53% of all affected individuals had to undergo a surgical intervention of which 50% underwent debridement, with a mean hospital stay of 27.08+/-12.09 days for high voltage injuries Conclusions:- Electrical injuries are generally preventable. This epidemiological study on the patients of electric burn suggests that most of the human and economic losses caused by the accidents leading to electric burn injuries were young males, hailing from rural areas and suffered high voltage burns, which could have been prevented by implementation of safety measures at work place. Hence general education regarding safety measures while using the electricity should be given in primary schools itself. High voltage electrical transmission cables should be placed underground.

Chemical hydrolysis assisted by microwave irradiation has been proposed as an alternative method for the analysis of proteins in highly insoluble matrices. In this work, chemical hydrolysis was applied for the first time to detect degraded proteins from paintings and polychromies. To evaluate the performance of this approach, the number of identified peptides, protein sequence coverage (%), and PSMs were compared with those obtained using two trypsin-based proteomics procedures used for the analysis of samples from cultural heritage objects. It was found that chemical hydrolysis allowed the successful identification of all proteinaceous materials in all paint samples analyzed except for egg proteins in one extremely degraded sample. Moreover, in one sample, casein was only identified by chemical digestion. In general, chemical hydrolysis identified more peptides, more PSM's, and greater sequence coverage in the samples containing caseins, and often also in animal glue, highlighting the great potential of this approach for the rapid digestion and identification of insoluble and degraded proteins from the field of the cultural heritage.

The absence of efficient mass spectrometry-based approaches for the large-scale analysis of protein arginine methylation has hindered the understanding of its biological role, beyond the transcriptional regulation occurring through histone modification. In the last decade, however, several technological advances of both the biochemical methods for methylated polypeptide enrichment and the computational pipelines for MS data analysis have considerably boosted this research field, generating novel insights about the extent and role of this post-translational modification.Here, we offer an overview of state-of-the-art approaches for the high-confidence identification and accurate quantification of protein arginine methylation by high-resolution mass spectrometry methods, which comprise the development of both biochemical and bioinformatics methods. The further optimization and systematic application of these analytical solutions will lead to ground-breaking discoveries on the role of protein methylation in biological processes.

ULSI technology is characterized by high speed and low power devices with nano scale features. Scaling down the silicon devices has come to an end due to its physical limitations with ballistic effects. For high speed data transmission, conversion of object codes into serial data, will require high speed serialized devices. GNRFET with channel length of nearly 10nm is used in this study to implement 2:1 serializer. A negative edge triggered D-flipflops and transmission gate 2:1 multiplexer were used in the design. ADS (Advanced Design System) tools were used with 0.7V power for biasing the devices. The data obtained in this work was compared with standard CMOS serializer for addressing the features of these nano scale technology for this application. The power consumption of the serializer was found to be 0.4mW.

Recent ULSI technology development emphasizes both silicon and graphene-based devices and system performance in terms of their low power and high switching speed. With Moore’s law scaling having reached the limits of physics due to ballistic effects, efforts are moving towards nano scale materials and devices such as TFETs and GNRFETs. Still, recent developments with 7 nm lithography-based silicon devices have cited exciting results. The successful development of FinFET devices in integrated systems has been a breakthrough for the semiconductor industry. Research efforts were emphasized for new nanoscale materials such as Graphene, GaN, and Carbon nanotubes, as alternative devices for ULSI integrated system design. This paper provides a cumulative review for these three nanoscale devices: FinFET, TFET, and GNRFET. The study focuses on an 8T SRAM cell as geared towards low power and high-speed features that are suitable for high speed computers, wireless communications, and medical devices. The study covers device theory, models, and simulation. The study has showed evidence that the power consumption for both TFET and GNRFET -based systems features superior low power performance of a ratio 1:0.24 as taken for the Static T Cell for 20 nm scale devices. The practical model of the FinFET is verified and used by industry, while the practical model of both TFET and GNRFET are still in the prototype stage.

The identification of molecular ions produced by MALDI or ESI strongly relies on their fragmentation to structurally informative fragments. The widely diffused fragmentation techniques for ESI multiply charged ions are either incompatible (ECD and ETD) or show lower efficiency (CID, HCD), with the predominantly singly charged peptide and protein ions formed by MALDI. In-source decay has been successfully adopted to sequence MALDI-generated ions, but it further increases spectral complexity, and it is not compatible with mass-spectrometry imaging. Excellent UVPD performances, in terms of number of fragment ions and sequence coverage, has been demonstrated for electrospray ionization for multiple proteomics applications. UVPD showed a much lower charge-state dependence, and so protein ions produced by MALDI may exhibit equal propensity to fragment. Here we report UVPD implementation on an Orbitrap Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI/EP-MALDI. UVPD of MALDI-generated ions was benchmarked against MALDI-ISD, MALDI-HCD, and ESI-UVPD. MALDI-UVPD outperformed MALDI-HCD and ISD, efficiently sequencing small proteins ions. Moreover, the singly charged nature of MALDI-UVPD avoids the bioinformatics challenges associated with highly congested ESI-UVPD mass spectra. Our results demonstrate the ability of UVPD to further improve tandem mass spectrometry capabilities for MALDI-generated protein ions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011526.

Immobilization of Bacillus megaterium spores on Eppendorf tubes through physical adsorption has been used in the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk within real time of 45 ± 5 min using visual observation of changes in a chromogenic substrate. The appearance of a sky-blue colour indicates the absence of AFM1 in milk, whereas no colour change indicates the presence of AFM1 in milk at a 0.5 ppb Codex maximum residue limit. The working performance of the immobilized spores was shown to persist for up to 6 months. Further, spores immobilized on 96-well black microtitre plates by physical adsorption and by entrapment on sensor disk showed a reduction in detection sensitivity to 0.25 ppb within a time period of 20 ± 5 min by measuring fluorescence using a microbiological plate reader through the addition of milk and fluorogenic substrate. A high fluorescence ratio indicated more substrate hydrolysis due to spore-germination-mediated release of marker enzymes of spores in the absence of AFM1 in milk; however, low fluorescence ratios indicated the presence of AFM1 at 0.25 ppb. Immobilized spores on 96-well microtitre plates and sensor disks have shown better reproducibility after storage at 4 °C for 6 months. Chromogenic assay showed 1.38% false-negative and 2.77% false-positive results while fluorogenic assay showed 4.16% false-positive and 2.77% false-negative results when analysed for AFM1 using 72 milk samples containing raw, pasteurized, and dried milk. Immobilization of spores makes these chromogenic and fluorogenic assays portable, selective, cost-effective for real-time detection of AFM1 in milk at the dairy farm, reception dock, and manufacturing units of the dairy industry.

Atmospheric pressure MALDI on a Q-Exactive instrument was optimized for in-source decay and pseudo-MS3. The dependence of AP-MALDI ISD on the MALDI liquid matrix was investigated for peptides and proteins. The liquid matrices enabled long-life ISD signal, and exhibited high fragment ion yield and signal stability. Extensive a-, b-, c-, y-, and z-type fragment series were observed depending on the matrix used but were most extensive with 2,5-DHB. Complete sequence coverage of small peptide and intact protein-terminus sequence tags were obtained and confirmed using HCD as a pseudo-MS3 method.

Bacterial Spores are robust and dormant life forms. The enthralling controlling system can maintain the spore dormancy for years yet allow the reappearance into active state within minutes thus provide resistance to the bacterium to heat, freezing, chemicals, radiations and other adverse environments. In spite of being considered as a spoilage and disease cause, Bacterial spores have been emerging as a miracle package. The survivability of bacterial spores under harsh conditions provides various solutions to human needs. Thus bacterial spores are drawing increased interest of the researchers as a solution to get work done under tough conditions. Bacterial spores have been exploited successfully to develop Biological Detection Systems as they can sense environmental changes and respond rapidly. Recently several spore based biosensors have been developed for the detection of different contaminants from different sources. More valued Probiotic Products based on bacterial spores have also been developed as spores can travel through GIT safely due to their resistant to digestive enzymes.Taking advantage of spore survivability, Pest Control Products based on spores are being used for making innovations in pest control. Different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have been used to protect crops. More recent Bt genes have been expressed in transgenic plants to provide inherent resistance. Bacillus spores also have been exploited for vaccine delivery as a noninvasive and thermostable vaccine delivery system. Bioremediation and Electricity generation is also another applied corner of bacterial spores. This reevaluation highlights the potential of this simpler microbial structure and recent growth in the applied bacterial spore biology. Key-wordsBacterial Spore, Biological detection system, Probiotics, Vaccine delivery, Bioremediation -------------------------------------------------IJLSSR----------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION Under normal conditions, the bacterial cell acquires the nutrients from surroundings that results in an orderly increase of all the chemical constituents of the bacterial cell and the multiplication of the cell is the consequent. During inability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, the bacterial cell loses its ability to reproduce and resultant is the death. However, some bacteria particularly members of Firmicutes, exist in two configurations depending upon the nutrient swing. Under cordial conditions, these bacteria exist as metabolically committed and dividing vegetative cells. Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website

Atmospheric pressure MALDI on a Q-Exactive instrument was optimized for in-source decay and pseudo-MS3. The dependence of AP-MALDI ISD on the MALDI liquid matrix was investigated for peptides and proteins. The liquid matrices enabled long-life ISD signal, and exhibited high fragment ion yield and signal stability. Extensive a-, b-, c-, y-, and z-type fragment series were observed depending on the matrix used but were most extensive with 2,5-DHB. Complete sequence coverage of small peptide and intact protein-terminus sequence tags were obtained and confirmed using HCD as a pseudo-MS3 method. Graphical Abstractᅟ Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13361-016-1511-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is used for industrial production of secreted enzymes including carbohydrate active enzymes, such as cellulases and hemicellulases. The production of many of these enzymes by T. reesei is influenced by the carbon source it grows on, where the regulation system controlling hydrolase genes involves various signaling pathways. T. reesei was cultivated in the presence of sorbitol, a carbon source that does not induce the production of cellulases and hemicellulases, and then exposed to either sophorose or spent-grain extract, which are efficient inducers of the enzyme production. Specific changes at phosphorylation sites were investigated in relation to the production of cellulases and hemicellulases using an MS-based framework. Proteome-wide phosphorylation following carbon source exchange was investigated in the early stages of induction: 0, 2, 5, and 10 min. The workflow involved sequential trypsin digestion, TiO2 enrichment, and MS analysis using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. We report on the identification and quantitation of 1721 phosphorylation sites. Investigation of the data revealed a complex signaling network activated upon induction involving components related to light-mediated cellulase induction, osmoregulation, and carbon sensing. Changes in protein phosphorylation were detected in the glycolytic pathway, suggesting an inhibition of glucose catabolism at 10 min after the addition of sophorose and as early as 2 min after the addition of spent-grain extract. Differential phosphorylation of factors related to carbon storage, intracellular trafficking, cytoskeleton, and cellulase gene regulation were also observed.