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In this study, a remote authentication dial in user service (RADIUS) server was implemented, which offers a wireless security method based on registering users authorized to use the network. For this, a computer with 4GB of RAM and a fourth-generation i3 processor was used, mounted on the Ubuntu Server 18.04 operating system and using the free RADIUS open-source software. This server was connected to the network through the TL-WR940N router using the AES encryption method and the WPA2 – Enterprise wireless security protocol, which allows a RADIUS server to authenticate wireless users. Evaluating this method with three registered users, two of them administrators, and one guest, and a total of 8 wireless devices, the experimental results showed that, for the five failed attempts to enter the network, the RADIUS server was able to identify them with an accuracy of 100% in real-time. In addition, the two administrators' correct identification and subsequent access were achieved; one used the same credential to have another device connected to the network, so an identified user can connect to more than one device without creating other credentials. Finally, this security method was compared to WPA2 Personal for 4 hours, where it was verified that the RADIUS server maintains a maximum of 3 devices connected, while the second method allowed the entry of any device, whether or not it was foreign to the network, showing that the RADIUS server is a robust method with great potential to protect wireless networks.

Currently, Peru is one of the countries with the highest levels of citizen insecurity in Latin America, and its capital is considered the thirtieth most populated city in the world, thus being one of its territories with the highest percentage of citizen insecurity, providing a poor quality of life to its citizens as they feel unsafe when passing through different places and being victims of any criminal act. Therefore, this research work is developed to support this problem through the implementation of a mobile application that manages and controls citizen insecurity. Applying the research method based on design and scrum methodology, which together generate greater control over changes during project development. In addition, resources and the support of different tools were used for its study and execution, such as marvelApp for the design and prototyping of the mobile application and android studio. Obtaining highly viable results for the support of citizen security through a suitable and fully viable mobile application.

Humankind is living more than a year in a COVID-19 pandemic. Faced with this international health emergency situation, scientific research is a tool to combat it. Universities, which must contribute human knowledge, are called upon to do research to combat COVID-19 in different aspects. This work analyses which Peruvian universities have contributed the most to developing projects and publications related to COVID-19. The results show that it is mainly the universities in the capital, Lima, that have won funds from the government to develop projects Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-Cov2, Scientific Research, Peru, Funding, Research projects.

The development of aerospace technology in Peru is still minimal. The market in the aerospace sector is just getting more dynamic. There are only some enterprises with activities in the aerospace s...

Universities, called entities with the responsibility of training new professionals and contributing to continuous knowledge for human development through research, seek to increase their scientific production and climb positions in research rankings. In this sense, research management is necessary and knowing which information and communications technology tools help in this task is a great help. The main objective of this work is to identify the information and communications technology tools that help to perform a good research management and implement a system based on Robotized Process Automation to generate a scientific information system for the University of Sciences and Humanities, for this research work was used the cascade methodology which provided several advantages and support for the structure and development of the system, for the process of the system was used the UiPath tool which is considered the best process automation tool. As a result of this research work, a system was obtained that drastically reduces the data collection time to evaluate the scientific production of researchers, thus allowing a better research management.

—MAPATÓN 2021 was organized by CONIDA (Peruvian Space Agency) as part of the celebrations for the bicentennial of Peru's independence. MAPATÓN was oriented to disaster management. This work aims to transmit the experience of participation in MAPATON and communicate the results achieved. The authors participated in developing flood simulation models and analyzing SENTINEL-1 satellite images to identify areas affected by floods that occurred in 2017, 2019 and 2020. The results obtained, shown in a story map, show the great utility of this type of analysis for risk management and disaster management. Keywords—MAPATON 2021; natural disasters; Peru; disaster management; Sentinel; satellite images

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) can be considered as a technology that allows for alternative means of communication between humans and their environment using thoughts and intentions. The structure of this interface is composed of various stages, beginning with the acquisition of the brain signals, followed by several processing stages, and leading to the generation of feedback signals. The development of a BCI system involves a diverse set of expertise in order to produce a unique environment for continuous innovations. However, such diversity in technical background and expertise may lead to confusion in the terminology used by the community. As such, the IEEE P2731 WG has been tasked with the development of a functional model to facilitate the understanding of a BCI system. In this paper, we focus on the description of the functional elements that belong to the transducer stage of a BCI.

In the penultimate quarter of 2019, Bolivia suffered multiple forest fires in the Chiquitania and the Amazon region. According to experts and authorities, a category six wildfire, consumed at a rate of 4000 hectares per hour. Given this event, this article aims to use Landsat 8 satellite imagery to calculate the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), the Normalized Burn Ratio-Thermal (NBR-T), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to categorize the environmental impact of the wildfires. These four indices were extracted from 22 postfire images, and it was found that the total burned area, in Beni department, that belongs to the Amazon region is 1183 134 hectares and the total burned area, in the municipalities that are inside or cross the Chiquitania is 3 825 359 hectares.

In Peru, there is still no undergraduate program in aerospace engineering, even though the Peruvian Space Agency (CONIDA for its acronym in Spanish) is >40 years old and currently has an orbiting E...

In 2015, at the Image Processing Research Laboratory (INTI-Lab) of the Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, one proposed the INCA programme (Research Programme on Aerospace Sciences). As a part of this programme, the design of a nanosatellite was included. Although the progress was plodding, after 3 years one wants to show these advances. One of the main limitations to have access to space, especially for developing countries, is the high cost of missions. In this sense, in the present work, we propose the use of commercial electric, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) devices, these being more economical than those for military use. UCHSat-1 nanosatellite advances are mainly at the simulation level. It is a CubeSat of 3 units that can be simulated with the help of the beeApp tool of Open Cosmos. Likewise, the nanosatellite modules are being implemented as a function of Arduino. The obtained results show, at least in the first instance, the feasibility of the use of Arduino for the implementation of the different nanosatellite modules.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in breast cells, this type of cancer is very common, diagnosed in most cases in women. Approximately 5% to 10% of breast cancers are estimated to be associated with inherited genetic mutations. It is important to know that most breast lumps are benign and not cancerous (malignant), it means that there are tumors that are not life threatening because they spread outside the breast, but if it should be examined by a specialist to obtain a clearer diagnosis of what it could be. That is why in this research work the detection of suspicions of breast cancer using thermal images is proposed, because some discomfort presented in the breast could be identified in time and determinate if it could possibly be a benign or malignant cancer, in addition keeping in mind that the analysis does not require physical contact with the patient and, furthermore, the infrared camera does not produce a congenital defect, being ideal for quick analyzes and to rule out illnesses. It was obtained as a result that the patients with suspicions of breast cancer, were a little reluctant to the diagnosis of the image processing, but after checking it with a specialist they were surprised, it was also identified that the different temperature between the body and breast cancer is 3 °C to 5 °C.

Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video. We evaluated the GP-MCHAT-R, which combines the first 15 s of manually-coded gaze preference (GP) video with M-CHAT-R results on 73 TD children and 28 children with ASD, 36–99 months of age. The GP-MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82–0.95)), performed significantly better than the MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71–0.85)) and gaze preference (AUC = 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64–0.88)) alone. This tool may enable early screening for ASD in RLS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10803-021-04878-0.

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is a critical area both for researchers and clinical practitioners. The IEEE P2731 working group is developing a comprehensive BCI lexicography and a functional model of BCI. The glossary and the functional model are inextricably intertwined. The functional model guides the development of the glossary. Terminology is developed from the basis of a BCI functional model. This paper provides the current status of the P2731 working group's progress towards developing a BCI terminology standard and functional model for the IEEE.

Computer technology development, the popularization of artificial intelligence, and facial recognition have become necessary for multiple applications. Both in the military and economic aspects, as it is gradually introduced into people’s lives, for example, in the use of facial recognition to unlock mobile phones. Since the 1990s, gender identification has begun to be studied through a photo of the face; it is worth mentioning that facial gender recognition is challenging in computer vision. This article is made to be applicable in marketing; in this way, it could offer differentiated products according to the clients’ gender. For this purpose, it has used public databases to classify the images of faces in men and women, with the implementation of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which it obtained an efficiency in the classification of approximately 97%. It also carried out prediction tests in which the silver model achieved a hit rate of 86.25%.

In order to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers, Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) require a generally applicable functional model as well as a common vocabulary. The IEEE P2731 working group is in the process of developing such a functional model and a lexicon of BCI terminology. Such a functional model has multiple aspects including the control interface, physiology, transducers, etc. This current paper focuses on the control interface aspects of that model. Having a generally applicable control interface model will facilitate interdisciplinar y research and communication. The control interface is a critical part of the functional model and is described in this current paper. The control interface presented intentionally is intentionally kept general in order to be widely applicable. Some details are specific to a particular application and are thus left to those applications. It does contain the encoder (which also contains a decoder), with a feedback submodule.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation at the international level is critical. COVID-19 is a type of pneumonia due to a coronavirus family. Due to this situation, like many countries, the Peruvian government has decreed mandatory social isolation, which was in effect through June 30, 2020. According to this decree, people were to stay at home and only go out to cover basic needs. After more than 50 days, some images and videos presented in different communication channels, show that animals and vegetation recover their space on the planet. Pollution reduction is probable too, which is vital for our ecosystem. However, there is no measurable way to quantify the impact of social isolation on air pollution in Peru. Thus, the present research work aims to show more objectively how much there has been a decrease in air pollution in Peru. The idea is to analyze the quantity of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, aerosol, carbon monoxide, methane, and clouds in the air. For this purpose, remote sensing data is used from the Copernicus Data Hub of the European Space Agency, specifically, the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The obtained results show a reduction in air pollution in different regions of Peru.

Due to COVID-19, which is a type of pneumonia produced by a coronavirus family virus, the Peruvian government has decreed mandatory social isolation. This isolation is extended until 26 April 2020. Due to this situation, people must stay at home and only go out to make purchases to cover basic needs. This situation, between other things, probably causes pollution reduction that is important for our ecosystem. In Peru, there is not a measurable way to quantify the impact of social isolation on air pollution. The present work aims to show more objectively how much decrease the aerosol pollution in Peru. For this purpose, one uses remote sensing data from Copernicus Data Hub of the European Space Agency, specifically, Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The results show an essential reduction of aerosol pollution in different regions of Peru, especially in Lima and the Amazon regions.

Terrorist attacks affect the confidence and security of citizens; it is a violent form of a political struggle that ends in the destruction of order. In the current decade, along with the growth of social networks, terrorist attacks around the world are still ongoing and have had potential growth in recent years. Consequently, it is necessary to identify where the attacks were committed and where is the possible area for an attack. The objective is to provide assertive solutions to these events. As a solution, this research focuses on one of the branches of artificial intelligence (AI), which is the Automatic Learning, also called Machine Learning. The idea is to use AI techniques to visualize and predict possible terrorist attacks using classification models, the decision trees, and the Random Forest. The input would be a database that has a systematic record of worldwide terrorist attacks from 1970 to the last recorded year, which is 2018. As a final result, it is necessary to know the number of terrorist attacks in the world, the most frequent types of attacks and the number of seizures caused by region; furthermore, to be able to predict what kind of terrorist attack will occur and in which areas of the world. Finally, this research aims to help the scientific community use artificial intelligence to provide various types of solutions related to global events.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) it is estimated that between 5 and 10% of the population is electro sensitive, the excessive or prolonged exposure to electromagnetic waves can damage health. Currently the electromagnetic radiation generated by wireless mobile telephony involves our daily lives, since it is reported that there are more than 5 billion cell phone users. Each country establishes its own relative national standards on exposure to electromagnetic fields, which Peru lacks. Nevertheless, they are based in standards that has not been revised since 1996. This contribution seeks to identify the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) generated by the most used mobile phone in Peru in 2017 using the ComoSAR measuring system in the GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) band at a frequency of 900 MHz. The results obtained will evaluate the behavior of electromagnetic waves by affecting the emulated tissues of body density and dielectric constant. The maximum SAR values recorded in the measurement were 0.05 W/Kg for a 1 g cube and 0.02 W/Kg for a 10 g cube. On the other hand, the average values obtained were 0.046 W/Kg for a 1 g cube and 0.019 W/Kg for a 10 g cube. The SAR values measured in the conditions of the experiment are below that what is indicated by the US standard and the European standard of SAR values.

Electrochemical techniques have been generating great interest due to their wide range of applications and their ease of use. For this reason, in recent years' electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, anodic voltametric stripping, chronoamperometry and linear voltammetry have been developed. Linear voltammetry is one of the most widely used electrochemical techniques, where a voltage range is applied to a solution with the analyte and then current data is collected as a response. For this, an electrochemical cell with its 3 electrodes (working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode) and a device for voltage control and current evaluation (potentiostat) is used. A potentiostat is an electronic device that allows the voltage or current to be regulated according to the electrochemical technique to be performed. The devices are usually very expensive due to their high precision, for this reason, our project is focused on the development of a low cost system that allows us to recognize redox systems by using linear voltammetry. our potentiostat system was able to differentiate in a redox salt (sodium chloride) from the support electrolytes (chlorohydric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid), allowing us to evaluate redox behavior at a cost of less than $ 40. © 2020 Science and Information Organization.

The people who require greater protection and safety are children, mainly when they are in an educational center, where teachers are responsible for their care, therefore, it is important to have prepared teachers to face emergency situations, since, the sense of insecurity is greater in national schools due to the shortage of prepared teachers to handle emergencies situations in Peru; there are studies which mention that 98.2% of accidents in educational centers are trauma and falls, also 1 of every 4 students suffers a fracture, therefore, in this study, spatial data of kindergarten and primary education is presented from Peru, relating the number of students per teacher for the year 2019. The regions whose student-teacher relationship is risky for the welfare of the students are presented and analyzed by georeference, this data is public and is provided by the Ministerio de Educacion de Peru (MINEDU), and using tools from the Geographic Information System (GIS), and it was possible to generate maps at the district level. Observing at the maps, it was possible to identify that the areas with the greatest risk are in the natural region of the jungle. Base on the spatial distribution of vulnerable points and outliers of the student-teacher relationship at the levels of kindergarten and primary education, it is recommended that governmental and non-governmental institutions in Peru allocate resources urgently to reduce student vulnerability, reducing the relationship between the number of students and teachers, in order to get better the response to any accident or natural disaster.

In this paper, it is presented a heuristic method for solving the multi-objective flow shop problem. The work carried out considers the simultaneous optimization of the makespan and the flow time; both objectives are essential in measuring the production system's performance since they aim to reduce the completion time of jobs, increase the efficiency of resources, and reduce waiting time in queue. The proposed method is an adaptation of multi-objective Newton's method, which is applied to problems with functions of continuous variables. In this adaptation, the method seeks to improve a sequence of jobs through local searches recursively. The computational experiments show the potential of the proposed method to solve medium-sized and large instances compared with other existing literature methods.

This paper presents a Mixed-Integer Programming Model for the urban freight transport planning problem through the estimation of the Origin-Destination Matrix. The Origin-Destination Matrix is used to know the pattern of travel or vehicle flow between different zones of a city and is estimated from the counting of vehicles on the routes of a road network. For the estimation of the Origin-Destination Matrix, the Entropy Maximization approach is applied. This approach is based on a non-linear optimization model. In order to overcome this difficulty, an optimization model based on the Piecewise Linear Approximation Method is proposed. To test the proposed model, an instance was built based on a road network of a real case. The proposed model obtained good results in a reduced computational time, demonstrating its usefulness for the urban freight transport planning.

In Peru, research has been encouraged in recent years. This situation has led to the fact that most universities are aware of the evolution of research rankings. The problem is that many of these research rankings do not take into account the size of the universities, and that is why they are unfair when comparing large universities with small universities. In this sense, the present work proposes a new index to measure the scientific production of universities. The results show a significant difference between the rankings that only take into account the number of publications, with the ranking developed in the present work considering the size of the universities. The results show surprising results, especially for small universities that invest in research.

Retinoblastoma is a malignant cancerous tumor that arises in the retina. This type of intraocular cancer occurs in 94.1% in children under 5 years of age and with an incidence of 1 in every 16,000-18,000 births. Given this problematic situation, the present research proposes the development of a system for the detection of retinoblastoma composed of an app and an algorithm of image processing, to identify the presence of leukocoria in the iris that is shown as a white pupil in flash photos. The system of the early detection of retinoblastoma was designed and implemented, afterwards was tested with a control group (20) and a case group (15). The total sample (35) was composed of members between 6 months and 45 years old, where 25.71% are female and the remaining 74.29% are male. The 92% of the total sample indicates the correct functioning of the Retino App mobile application. Besides, the system's algorithm has correctly identified the 93.33% of the cases and the 95% of the controls.

Training is the evaluation. What, how and how much to evaluate are aspects to be taken into account. Within the framework of the educational proposal of integral education of an emerging university in Lima Norte, integral evaluation has been implemented, which is a strategy that consists of not only assessing cognitive aspects but also research aspects, aspects of the conative-volitional process. This evaluation is done to the students and teachers (who are the main actors of the professional training process) through rubrics communicated appropriately by the academic department to the teachers, which communicate to the students. The result of this experience is that students have made progress in their research skills, in their interpersonal relationships; also in the teachers has allowed us to detect weaknesses in the research aspect and therefore generate policies to advance in that aspect. We believe it is important to socialize this experience so that it can be taken into account by other educational institutions since the integral formation is now a necessity and therefore the integral evaluation as well.