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Background: Nurses are expected and trusted to provide education on immunizations. Education and advocacy for immunizations can be enhanced by understanding the perceptions and beliefs about immunizations as students are still immersed in their education., Objective: To explore nursing students' perceptions and beliefs about immunizations and the diseases they are aimed to prevent., Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive design with a convenience sample of bachelorette nursing students at a university in the Midwest United States and who met criteria resulted in (n = 74). Data was collected via an electronic survey., Results: Nursing students had a decreased perception of disease severity, likelihood of infection without immunization, and concern of side effects compared to previous research involving parents. In addition, students have poor confidence in the ability to educate their clients about immunizations., Conclusion: These results contribute to the known perceptions and beliefs of nursing students regarding immunizations and identified areas for improvement in nursing education., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

(1) Background : This study examines the impact of Synar policy adoption on youth commercial access to tobacco products in Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. The principal focus on youth commercial access is complemented by analyses of Synar's impact on minors' non-commercial access to tobacco and tobacco use patterns. Mississippi has been especially aggressive in implementing Synar, as evidenced by its unusually low retailer violation rates (RVRs). Synar, a mandatory, enforceable regulation meant to limit youth's retail access to tobacco, was implemented nationwide in 1997. This study is governed by a combination of conceptual insights from a diffusion of health innovation perspective and structuration theory. (2) Methods : Repeated cross-sectional data from 1995 to 2011 from the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey are analyzed using a pre/post-implementation, quasi-experimental analytic strategy. Tobacco access and use in the pre-Synar era (1995-1997) are compared with two post-Synar periods (1999-2005 and 2007-2011), thereby highlighting diffusion effects related to this policy innovation within Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. (3) Results : Analyses of temporal trends reveal that Mississippi and other study regions effectively restricted commercial access to tobacco. Positive outcomes associated with Synar adoption were observed several years after initial implementation, thus supporting a diffusion of innovation perspective. However, results also reveal that Mississippi youth were more inclined than their counterparts elsewhere to gain access to tobacco through non-commercial means after Synar implementation, and that declines in tobacco use among Mississippi youth were less robust than those observed elsewhere. Such variegated effects are in line with expectations linked to structuration theory. (4) Conclusions : Synar policy implementation has been generally effective at deterring youth access to tobacco and, in many cases, has yielded declines in tobacco use. However, there is no evidence that especially aggressive retailer compliance checks in Mississippi have yielded distinctive benefits for youth in this state., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. The first author supervised state-level tobacco prevention programs in a prior employment position.

A valid, reliable measure of family caregivers' knowledge about delirium was not located in the literature; such an instrument is essential to assess learning needs and outcomes of education provided. The purpose of the current study was to (a) develop a family Caregiver Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire (CDKQ) based on the Symptom Interpretation Model; and (b) establish validity and reliability of the measure. The 19-item CDKQ was developed and administered to 164 family caregivers for community-dwelling older adults. Descriptive statistics were examined for all variables. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, item-to-total correlations, and internal consistency reliability. A three-factor model provided the best fit for the data. The findings support initial validity and reliability of the CDKQ with family caregivers. Although the CDKQ was developed for use with family caregivers, it has potential for use with other caregivers, such as home health aides., (Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.)