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10. A Review of the Role of College Applications on Students' Postsecondary Outcomes. Research Brief

Author

College Board, Avery, Christopher, Howell, Jessica S., and Page, Lindsay

Abstract

Identifying the best set of colleges to which to apply is not a simple task. The importance of any one application depends on the likely outcomes of other applications, and this logic and information is difficult to grasp for anyone, let alone high school students. To simplify this task, the College Board recommends that students submit a total of four to eight applications to a combination of "reach," "match," and "safety" schools. However, many academically well-qualified students do not follow this advice, primarily by selecting too many "safety" schools relative to "reach" and "match" schools. Students who do not follow the College Board's guidelines for creating a college list limit their postsecondary options, in some cases dramatically so. At one extreme, students who do not apply to a four-year college at all completely limit their choice set. Similarly, well-qualified students who only apply to less/nonselective colleges consign themselves to institutions with relatively few resources, low graduation rates, and academically weaker college peers. Low income students typically underapply with regard to both the quantity and quality of college applications compared to higher-income students with similar academic qualifications. Thus, the choice of college application portfolio likely serves as an important mechanism that differentiates the college choices of low-income students from those of others. Provided in this research brief is a discussion of application barriers students may encounter which may be procedural, geographical, cultural, informational, or financial. Potential solutions to reduce and remove these barriers include programs that substantially alter the usual application processes, provide information about and support outreach by colleges, promote the use of college application fee waivers, and improve college counseling. Another natural approach to favorably influencing the college application choices of students is to provide them with additional college counseling designed to overcome informational and procedural barriers. [This work is the product of a series of collaborations between the College Board and the Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard University.]

Published
2014

11. A Review of the Role of College Counseling, Coaching, and Mentoring on Students' Postsecondary Outcomes. Research Brief

Author

College Board, Avery, Christopher, Howell, Jessica S., and Page, Lindsay

Abstract

The limited availability of college counseling for many students, especially those from low-income families, means that advising and ready assistance with each stage of the college search and application process is lacking. The research summarized in this brief indicates that the deficiencies in the quality and quantity of college counseling available to low-income students helps to explain the differences observed in application behavior and subsequent college choices between low income students and their more affluent peers. The primary barriers to more widely available and effective counseling are rooted in school finances, counselor training programs, and competing demands for counselors' time. One set of solutions provides additional funding and infrastructure for college counseling, often in the public schools themselves. Other solutions provide the necessary counseling in other forms, including in nonprofit programs that provide after-school services.

Published
2014

15. Managing the morbidity related to flap reconstruction in major maxillofacial oncology surgery

Author

Avery, Christopher Martin Edward and Steward, W.

Subjects
616.99
Abstract

There is substantial systemic and local morbidity associated with complex reconstruction of the maxillofacial (face, mouth, jaws and neck) region and the distant donor site of the free flap used to reconstruct the defect. This morbidity may be alleviated by careful patient preparation, selection of operation, improving wound care and new surgical procedures. Many aspects of morbidity are not readily amenable to investigation because of a multitude of confounding clinical factors. Improvements in the quality of care may be obtained by careful evaluation of outcomes and comparison with the literature. This body of work represents a reflection on my surgical practice, animal experimental studies and computer modelling techniques which have reduced morbidity and improved my ability to counsel patients. Major elements include the techniques of suprafascial dissection of the soft tissue radial flap and prophylactic internal fixation of the osteocutaneous radial donor site which have become increasingly accepted within the United Kingdom and overseas. The impact of differing flap choice, particularly in the medically compromised group, has been considered. The quality of the clinical documentation has been improved. Biomechanical issues raised by the clinical studies were investigated in laboratory work using the sheep tibia model of the human radius. A computer based model of the sheep tibia, created using a finite element analysis technique, was validated against the preceding biomechanical studies. This simulation was used to investigate the most effective design of osteotomy cuts and type of plate for reinforcement of a straight osteotomised bone, such as the radius, or segmental defects of the mandible. Interest in my work is reflected in the high rate of presentations at the Annual Scientific Meetings of the British Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery combined with the joint second highest rate of successful conversion to publication in the United Kingdom.

Published
2015

16. To be policy-relevant, future climate research must include the noncontiguous United States.

Author

Basile, Samantha, Avery, Christopher W., Grade, Aaron, and Crimmins, Allison R.

Subjects
*CLIMATE research, *SCIENTIFIC knowledge, *CLIMATE change models, *CLIMATE change adaptation, *DOWNSCALING (Climatology)
Abstract

This article highlights the significance of including noncontiguous regions of the United States in climate research. It argues that excluding these areas leads to inaccurate national climate risk assessments and hampers policy decisions. The article acknowledges the challenges of data collection in these regions but suggests that advancements in modeling and regional climate models can help address this issue. Collaboration between the research community, funders, project managers, and local experts is emphasized as crucial. The article also discusses the need to improve climate data coverage in areas outside of the continental United States to ensure equitable access to climate information and address historical exclusion and social injustices. Incorporating local and traditional climate knowledge, improving monitoring and observations, and building partnerships with underrepresented communities are suggested as ways to supplement limited datasets. The article underscores the importance of including all states and territories in research efforts to better serve communities and make informed choices. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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25. Digital Messaging to Improve College Enrollment and Success. Working Paper 27897

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Avery, Christopher, Castleman, Benjamin L., Hurwitz, Michael, Long, Bridget T., and Page, Lindsay C.

Abstract

We investigate the efficacy of text messaging campaigns to remind students about and support them with key steps in the college search, application, selection and transition process. First, in collaboration with the College Board and uAspire, both national non-profit organizations, we implemented text-message based outreach and advising to students in over 700 US high schools that primarily serve large shares of low-income students. Second, we collaborated with several school districts in the state of Texas to implement a school-based version of the intervention. In the national sample, treatment students received outreach approximately once per month from uAspire counselors, whereas in the Texas sample, treatment students received outreach once every one to two weeks from their high school counselors. In both samples, outreach began in Spring 2015 and continued through September 2016. We tested these interventions with concurrent cluster randomized control trials with randomization at the school level. In contrast to the national version of the intervention, which tended to produce null effects, the school-based intervention yielded positive and significant impacts on several college-going steps and on college enrollment for certain subgroups. We discuss key differences between the two versions of the intervention that may have contributed to these divergent results.

Published
2020

30. AN EXAMINATION OF INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR HYDRAULIC FRACKING OPERATIONS

Author

Avery, Christopher, Martin, Brian, and Brown, Diana

Subjects
Petroleum industry -- Insurance, Hydraulic fracturing -- Insurance, Business, international
Abstract

The energy industry is one of the fastest growing and most dynamic sectors of the United States economy. A surge in hydraulic fracturing techniques, or fracking, has been driving recent growth in the energy industry. Fracking is used to produce oil from either played-out fields or from areas not traditionally associated with oil production. Accompanying the boom in production is a accompanying increase in litigation arising from fracking operations and the damage that the operations are alleged to cause. Necessarily, those claims and lawsuits implicate a number of insurance coverage concerns. This study examines the science of fracking and details many of the associated risks that would require insurance coverage. It highlights the types of litigation that have erupted along with the fracking boom. Finally, it discusses the potential application of many frequently-used insurance policies. Keywords: hydraulic fracturing, insurance coverage, fracking, hydrofracking, oil, gas, energy, INTRODUCTION Large-scale hydraulic fracturing first became profitable in the 1980s, when technology improvements allowed rock not porous enough for conventional drilling to be utilized (Emspak, 2013). Combined with improvements in [...]

Published
2018

38. List of Contributors

Author

Abdel-Galil, Khalild, primary, Ahmed, Abdul, additional, Ahmed, Nabeela, additional, Aldridge, Thomas, additional, Andi, Kavin, additional, Al-Nawas, Bilal, additional, Arnaud, Eric, additional, Avery, Christopher M.E., additional, Bainbridge, Mark, additional, Beale, Victoria, additional, Bell, William H., additional, Berridge, Natasha Louise, additional, Blancher, Adam, additional, Block, Michael S., additional, Blythe, John N St. J, additional, Bodem, Jens, additional, Boffano, Paolo, additional, Borumandi, Farzad, additional, Bos, Rudolf Robert Maria, additional, Breeze, Major John, additional, Brennan, Peter A., additional, Brown, James, additional, Buntic, Rudolf F., additional, Bürger, Heinz, additional, Burton, Brady, additional, Carlson, Eric R., additional, Cascarini, Luke, additional, Cassidy, Siwan, additional, Chalmers, Alison, additional, Chapireau, David, additional, Cobb, Alistair R.M., additional, Colbert, Serryth, additional, Coyle, Margaret Jean, additional, Cuzalina, Angelo, additional, Dashow, Jason E., additional, Dhanda, Jag, additional, Drake, David, additional, Ehrlich, Alex D., additional, Ellis, Simon, additional, Evans, T. William, additional, Extence, Helen, additional, Farook, Shahme Ahamed, additional, Farrier, Jerry N., additional, Fasanmade, Adekunmi, additional, Fernandes, Rui P., additional, Forouzanfar, Tim, additional, Fretwurst, Tobias, additional, Frost, David E., additional, Johann Gaggl Sr., Alexander, additional, Gandhi, Rishi Kumar, additional, Gellrich, Nils-Claudius Bernhard, additional, George, Katherine, additional, Ghali, G.E., additional, Gilhooly, Michael, additional, Godden, Daryl R., additional, Gonzalez, Marianela, additional, Gottlieb, Jonathan B., additional, Alan Gremillion, Henry A., additional, Green, Ben C., additional, Gruber, Elizabeth Anne, additional, Guerrero, Cesar A., additional, Gupta, Rishi Jay, additional, Harrington, Kevin J., additional, Harris, Christopher, additional, Hebert, Andrea M., additional, Helman, Joseph, additional, Hoffmann, Jürgen, additional, Hoffmeister, Bodo, additional, Holmes, Simon, additional, Horn, Dominik, additional, Jaspers, Birgit, additional, Jundt, Gernot, additional, Kabala, Julian Eamon, additional, Kaban, Leonard B., additional, Kaleem, Arshad, additional, Kanatas, Anastasios, additional, Kelly, Charles Gerald, additional, Klasser, Gary D., additional, Kim, Beomjune B., additional, Koppel, David A., additional, Kübler, Norbert R., additional, Likhterov, Ilya, additional, Lloyd, Timothy William, additional, Loukota, Richard A., additional, Lubek, Joshua E., additional, Lyons, Andrew, additional, Mackenzie, Col. Neil, additional, Madani, Gitta, additional, Markiewicz, Michael R., additional, Matthews, Nigel Shaun, additional, McQuillan, Joe, additional, McGurk, Mark, additional, Mehrotra, Divya, additional, Mercer, Nigel Stuart George, additional, Mercuri, Louis Gerard, additional, Messiha, Ashraf, additional, Monje, Florencio, additional, Mujica, Elena V., additional, Mumford, Rachel Anne, additional, Murakami, Kenlchiro, additional, Nauck, Friedemann, additional, Naujokat, Hendrik, additional, Neukam, Friedrich-Wilhelm, additional, Obagi, Suzan, additional, Ord, Robert A., additional, Ort, Yirae, additional, Pabla, Ravinder, additional, Padwa, Bonnie L., additional, Patel, Stavan, additional, Penfold, Chris Neil, additional, Perenack, Jon D., additional, Powers, Michael P., additional, Puelacher, Wolfgang, additional, Quereshy, Faisal A., additional, Raguse, Jan D., additional, Rajapakse, Sujeev, additional, Ramchandani, Parkash L., additional, Resnick, Cory M., additional, Risk, Janet Mary, additional, Robinson, Stephen N., additional, Rodriguez, Eduardo D., additional, Rogers, Simon N., additional, Roodenburg, J.L.N., additional, Saeed, Nadeem, additional, Schache, Andrew Graeme, additional, Schendel, Stephen A., additional, Schliephake, Henning, additional, Schmelzeisen, Rainer, additional, Schmidt-Westhausen, Andrea Maria, additional, Seppänen-Kaijansinkko, Riitta, additional, Shaw, Richard J., additional, Sidebottom, Andrew J., additional, Singh, Mark K., additional, Singh, Rabindra P., additional, Sinn, Douglas P., additional, Smeele, Ludi E., additional, Smith, C. Blake, additional, Sommerlad, Brian, additional, Strietzel, Frank Peter, additional, Sugar, Adrian, additional, Takwale, Anita, additional, Taylor, Clark O., additional, Townley, William Arthur, additional, Turvey, Timothy A., additional, Urken, Mark L., additional, Van Eeden, Simon, additional, Wagner, Wilfried, additional, Whitfield, Peter C., additional, Will, Michael J., additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Wiltfang, Jörg, additional, Witherow, Helen, additional, Woerner, Jennifer E., additional, Wolf, Jeffrey S., additional, Wolford, Larry M., additional, Wong, Wai Lup, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Yu, Peirong, additional, and Zimmerer, Rüdiger M., additional

Published
2017
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40. Advice and Caution on Investing in a College Education: An economist and a financial journalist offer their strategies

Author

Avery, Christopher

Subjects
The Price You Pay for College: An Entirely New Road Map for the Biggest Financial Decision Your Family Will Ever Make (Nonfiction work) -- Lieber, Ron, Making College Pay: An Economist Explains How to Make a Smart Bet on Higher Education (Nonfiction work) -- Akers, Beth, Books -- Book reviews, Education, Social sciences
Abstract

Making College Pay: An Economist Explains How to Make a Smart Bet on Higher Education by Beth Akers Crown, 2021, $25; 176 pages. The Price You Pay for College: An [...]

Published
2021

44. An Economist’s Guide to Epidemiology Models of Infectious Disease

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics, Avery, Christopher, Bossert, William, Clark, Adam, Ellison, Glenn, Ellison, Sara F., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics, Avery, Christopher, Bossert, William, Clark, Adam, Ellison, Glenn, and Ellison, Sara F.

Abstract

© 2020 American Economic Association. All rights reserved. Around mid-March 2020, as the United States and much of the rest of the world was facing an unprecedented health threat in the form of COVID-19, an abrupt shift in the tone and policies of the United States and United Kingdom occurred. In early March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that "we should all basically just go about our normal daily lives." Likewise, on March 11, President Donald Trump reassured the American people that for "[t]he vast majority of Americans, the risk is very, very low." Just five days later, the Trump administration recommended that "all Americans, including the young and healthy, work to engage in schooling from home when possible. Avoid gathering in groups of more than 10 people. Avoid discretionary travel. And avoid eating and drinking at bars, restaurants, and public food courts" (as reported by Keith 2020). The British government likewise markedly changed course, with a series of partial measures preceding a March 23 lockdown order. Although Trump and Johnson had been receiving briefings about COVID-19 for several weeks, the proximate cause of the shift in both countries appears to have been the March 16 release of a headlinegrabbing epidemiological model produced by London's Imperial College, which predicted that there could be as many as 2,200,000 deaths in the United States and 510,000 in the United Kingdom" (as reported by Landler and Castle 2000).

Published
2022

49. Chapter 1 : Overview. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II

Author

Jay, Alexa, primary, Reidmiller, David R., additional, Avery, Christopher W., additional, Barrie, Dan, additional, DeAngelo, Benjamin J., additional, Dave, Apurva, additional, Dzaugis, Matthew, additional, Kolian, Michael, additional, Lewis, Kristin L.M., additional, Reeves, Katie, additional, and Winner, Darrell A., additional

Published
2018
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