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The See and Spray ™ Ultimate is the first commercial precision sprayer for targeted-broadcast applications in row crops. Over the past few years, herbicide prices have drastically increased, and the See and Spray could provide an opportunity for soybean producers to reduce herbicide inputs and mediate the increase in cost. However, no published literature provides or discusses the relationship between total weed area and area treated with the See and Spray Ultimate. Therefore, research was conducted for 2 years in Keiser, Ark., and Greenville, Miss., to determine the relationship between total weed area and area sprayed in XtendFlex® soybean with a Level 4 sensitivity. A Weibull Growth model was fit to predict the percent sprayed area based on the percent weed area with R² ≥ 0.883. Results indicate that preemergence (PRE) applications with the See and Spray have the most significant potential to reduce the area sprayed. A 50% reduction in the sprayed area occurred at 3.4%, 0.5%, and 0.8% of the total weed area for PRE, early-postemergence (EPOST), and mid-postemergence (MPOST) application timings, respectively. These results are likely a function of the nozzle angle and the sensitivity level evaluated. The preemergence timing utilized nozzles with a 40-degree spray angle at a 26-in. boom height from the ground compared to 110- and 100-degree nozzles 20-in. from the crop canopy at the EPOST and MPOST timing. Additionally, the applications occurred with a Level 4 sensitivity, and decreasing to lower levels would reduce the area sprayed with the See and Spray Ultimate; however, weed misses may become more frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Deere recently announced the commercial release of See & Spray™ Ultimate, which facilitates precision herbicide applications in row crops. Currently, no published literature exists detailing the performance of this new technology in cotton production systems or the ability of the system to detect weeds through cover crop canopy. Research was conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Northeast Research and Extension Center to evaluate See & Spray Ultimate's performance with a fallow, cereal rye, and hairy vetch cover crop system in XtendFlex® cotton. The experiment evaluated a dual-tank and a single-tank See & Spray program versus a broadcast standard with consistent herbicide rates across preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), and mid-postemergence (MPOST) herbicide programs. The See & Spray single-tank program was the only application method to cause a slight reduction in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) control from 98% with the broadcast standard to 94% 14 days after the EPOST application. Additionally, Palmer amaranth control improved from 95% with no cover crop to 98% with a cereal rye cover crop. By 14 days after the MPOST, all application methods and cover crop systems were comparable. By the end of the season, cover crops were the only factor to influence yield, whereas cotton without a cover crop yielded better than with cover crops. Results from this research indicate that See & Spray Ultimate can be utilized with cover crops in cotton, but the machine was operated with a medium sensitivity setting (level 4), and herbicide savings and weed control with this technology will likely vary with different sensitivity settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diflufenican is a new herbicide to be labeled, potentially, for soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr] production in the United States. Diflufenican is an Herbicide Resistance Action Committee/Weed Science Society of America group 12 herbicide, the first group 12 herbicide labeled for use in soybean production. Soybean producers need new chemistries to help control Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). Palmer amaranth has evolved resistance to 9 modes of action; therefore, diflufenican is being evaluated for its control. Two field experiments were conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate the tolerance of soybean and associated weed control with various rates and application timings of the diflufenican mixture. For the tolerance trial, the diflufenican mixture was applied at 1 and 2 times the anticipated 1X labeled rates at 14- and 7-day preplant, preemergence, and 3 days after planting (DAP). The diflufenican mixture was applied 14- and 7-day preplant, preemergence, and 3 DAP at a 1X labeled rate for the weed control trial. Injury 14 DAP ranged from 2% to 20% for the 1X rate of the herbicide and 6% to 32% for the 2X rate. By 28 DAP, injury decreased for both herbicide rates, with the most injury being observed at the 3 DAP application timing for both rates. Grain yield was collected at maturity, and no difference was observed between application timings and herbicide rates. Palmer amaranth and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) control was greater than 97% for all application timings, except the 14-day preplant timing 21 DAP. By 42 DAP, the application timing of preemergence and 3 DAP provided greater than or equal to 90% control of the 2 weeds. Grain yield increased the closer the herbicide application was made to planting and soybean emergence due to improved weed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most used cover crops for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production across the United States. Its use is limited in corn (Zea mays L.), and data regarding the best timing to terminate cereal rye to avoid negative affects to the crop are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate cereal rye termination timing in corn. Treatments consisted of cereal rye terminated at 21, 14, and 7 days prior to or after planting and at planting. A conventional tillage treatment with no cover crop was also included. The cover crop in all treatments was terminated by applying glyphosate plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine. These herbicides were also sprayed at planting in the conventional tillage treatment. At 30 days after planting, corn stand count in two 40-in. row sections, the height of five plants per treatment, and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) suppression were collected. The highest yellow nutsedge suppression was observed in the treatment where there was conventional till (77%) and when the cover crop was terminated 7 days after planting the corn (63%). Corn stand was not different among the treatments. Additionally, corn plants from the treatment with cereal rye terminated 7 days after planting corn had an average height of 27 in., significantly higher than the other termination timings. The lowest heights were observed in the treatment with cereal rye terminated 21 days after planting with an average of 19 in. Based on these initial findings, cereal rye should be terminated 7 days before or after corn planting to avoid negative growth interference that may cause delay or reduction in yield without losing its desired weed suppression capacity. This study will be repeated and data from additional years will be used to support further or refute these preliminary findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production, maximizing Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) control is imperative while minimizing the amount of injury caused to the crop. This study was designed to determine the optimal cotton growth stage for applying florpyrauxifen-benzyl-coated fertilizer in cotton to attain adequate Palmer amaranth control while maintaining minimal cotton injury. The study was initiated on 10 May 2022 at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Lon Mann Cotton Research Station in Marianna, Arkansas, and designed as a two-factor factorial in a randomized complete block. The first factor was the application timing (growth stage): 1- to 2-leaf, 3- to 4-leaf, 5- to 6-leaf, and 10- to 12-node growth stages. The second factor was the presence or absence of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 16 fl oz/ac coated onto fertilizer. The fertilizer blend utilized as the florpyrauxifen-benzyl carrier consisted of urea at 175 lb/ac and muriate of potash at 100 lb/ac. Cotton injury and Palmer amaranth control ratings were taken 14 days after treatment (DAT). Improved Palmer amaranth control was observed for the florpyrauxifen-benzyl-coated fertilizer applications at the 1- to 2 and 3-to 4-leaf growth stages. Concerning the 6- to 8-leaf and 10- to 12-node growth stage treatments, Palmer amaranth control did not improve with the florpyrauxifen-benzyl-coated fertilizer treatments compared to those without the herbicide. Cotton in the 6- to 8-leaf treatments displayed the most crop injury. However, the injury was less than 15% among the other treatments. These findings suggest the potential for improved Palmer amaranth control and minimal cotton injury from florpyrauxifen-benzyl-coated fertilizer applied at selected growth stages. Additional site years are needed to support or refute these findings, and further research is needed to determine the likelihood of yield loss due to florpyrauxifen-benzyl injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is the most problematic weed in various cropping systems in Arkansas. Producers across the state have few herbicide options due to Palmer amaranth's resistance to nine modes of action. Diflufenican is a herbicide that will soon become labeled in soybean production to control herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth. Additionally, diflufenican is a Weed Science Society of America Group 12 herbicide adding a new mode of action to soybean production. Although diflufenican is targeted for soybean production, additional research is needed to evaluate the sensitivity of common adjacent crops to soybean to the herbicide. A field experiment was conducted at the Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate the sensitivity of cotton to low rates of a postemergence-applied diflufenican mixture. A diflufenican mixture was applied at the 3-node growth stage at 0, 0.00156, 0.00625, 0.025, and 0.1 times the anticipated 1X labeled rate. The only injury level different from zero was associated with the 0.1X rate at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), but this injury was transient, with no injury observed at 21 DAA. There were no differences among treatments in seedcotton yields. Overall, the diflufenican mixture appears to possess a minimal risk for injury to cotton caused by physical drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted in 2021 to evaluate the preemergence activity of metribuzin (group 5) and pyroxasulfone (group 15) herbicide combinations in the control of several weed species and to determine their effectiveness as preemergence options in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] weed management systems. All treatments provided nearly ideal control of Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] (99%), pitted morningglory [Ipomoea lacunosa (L.)] (better than 95%), and prickly sida [Sida spinosa (L.)] (better than 97%) by 35 days after preemergence application (DA PRE). No significant impact of preemergence treatments was observed on stand loss. Overall, preemergence treatments resulted in less than 6% chlorosis and necrosis by 35 DA PRE. Additionally, only treatments with Glory® at 1.25 lb/ac (metribuzin) or 5.75 fl oz/ac of Zidua® (pyroxasulfone) plus Glory at 1.25 lb/ac resulted in 7% and 5% of crop stunting, respectively, by 35 DA PRE. In contrast, other treatments resulted in less than 1% visible stunting. Therefore, all herbicide treatments tested resulted in desirable weed control and minimal impact on early crop development. Utilizing a combination of herbicide sites of action could minimize the expansion of herbicide resistance. Generally, preemergence treatments do not provide robust weed control persisting for the entire critical weed-free period of soybean (from emergence to V4). Therefore, timely postemergence applications should be recommended to reduce possible yield impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to glufosinate in Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Watson] was first reported in 2021 in Arkansas, and evaluating alternative control options for these resistant populations is a high priority. Enhanced herbicide detoxification by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes is one of the possible resistance mechanisms responsible for glufosinate resistance. Therefore, experiments were designed to evaluate if adding a GST-inhibitor would overcome glufosinate resistance in Palmer amaranth and quantify the number of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS2) gene copies present in resistant plants. Seedlings of the resistant (20-59) and susceptible (SS) accessions were transplanted into a field at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, Ark. The treatments were glufosinate applied at 10 a.m., glufosinate at 10 p.m., and glufosinate + GST-inhibitor [NBD-Cl (4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan)] at 10 p.m. The total number of plants per accession in each plot was counted prior to and 2 weeks after application to calculate mortality (%). Concomitantly with the field experiment, a gene copy number assay was conducted with DNA extracted from nontreated plants from 2 different susceptible accessions and glufosinate survivors from accession 20-59. GS2 copy number was calculated relative to 2 standard genes. Overall, mortality was 17% and 97% for 20-59 and SS, respectively. Mortality did not differ among treatments. Relative to 2 reference genes, the gene copy number in the resistant accession was significantly higher than the susceptible tested. The resistant accession had 85 and 86 copies, while the 2 SS accessions had an average of only 2 GS2 copies. An increase in the chloroplastic glutamine synthetase copy number in the resistant plants enables the production of enough enzymes to survive glufosinate, which explains why the addition of a GST-inhibitor had no impact on the control of glufosinate-resistant Palmer amaranth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ProvisiaTM and Max-AceTM rice, Oryza sativa L., are two options available to producers that enable the use of quizalofop for barnyardgrass and weedy rice control among other grass weeds. The HighcardTM formulation of quizalofop is labeled for use on Max-AceTM rice while the ProvisiaTM formulated product is labeled for use on ProvisiaTM rice. ProvisiaTM and HighcardTM formulations differ in that the latter also contains isoxadifen to help safen the herbicide in Max-AceTM rice. Weed control and crop tolerance were evaluated at the Rice Research and Extension Center near Stuttgart, Arkansas to compare HighcardTM-based herbicide programs in Max-AceTM rice to a standard ProvisiaTM program in ProvisiaTM rice. For both technologies, long-grain, inbred cultivars were drill-seeded at recommended densities. Both rice technologies included sequential applications of ProvisiaTM or HighcardTM with ZuraxTM in the first postemergence application and VopakTM in the second application (preflood). Two additional programs in Max-AceTM rice included the addition of ZuraxTM and Permit PlusTM or VopakTM and StamTM at early postemergence and preflood applications, respectively. ProvisiaTM rice was injured 17% by ProvisiaTM herbicide at 3 weeks after final treatment (WAFT), whereas rice injury in the HighcardTM programs ranged from 1% to 6% at the same evaluation. Weedy rice, Oryza sativa L., control was greater than 95% in all treatments at 4 WAFT. Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (P.) Beauv., control exceeded 99% at 4 WAFT for all herbicide treatments. Rough rice yields were similar among all herbicide treatments, regardless of rice technology. These findings show that timely applications of HighcardTM in Max-AceTM rice result in end-of-season weedy rice and barnyardgrass control levels comparable to those in a ProvisiaTM rice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] is a highly problematic weed in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) that can result in significant yield losses when left unchecked. New methods of barnyardgrass control will be needed to preserve high yields in Arkansas rice production. S-metolachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide that provides residual control of grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. An experiment was conducted in Keiser, Ark. to evaluate the efficacy of S-metolachlor in a rice system in conjunction with a fenclorim seed treatment to mitigate the risk of crop injury. Three rates of S-metolachlor (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 lb ai/ac) were applied delayed-preemergence to 'Diamond' rice that was treated with fenclorim at 0 or 2.5 lb of ai/1000 lb-seed. Visual injury to rice and visual control of barnyardgrass were rated in comparison with the nontreated control and were evaluated throughout the season. Rough rice yield was evaluated after harvest. While visual rice injury was higher on average in the first two weeks after treatment without fenclorim, by 28 days after treatment (DAT) the low rate of S-metolachlor combined with a fenclorim seed treatment caused less than 17% injury. S-metolachlor provided effective visual control of barnyardgrass at all three rates up to 28 DAT that exceeded 90% control. Overall, the presence of fenclorim reduced injury to rice at each rate of S-metolachlor, while not having an impact on weed control. At a rate of 0.5 lb ai/ac of S-metolachlor with a fenclorim seed treatment, rice yield was comparable with the nontreated control. However, increasing rates of metolachlor reduced yield. If S-metolachlor becomes labeled for use in rice, this will provide an alternative site of action for weed control without requiring a herbicide resistance trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenclorim is a safener that has been demonstrated to protect rice (Oryza sativa L.) from acetochlor phytotoxicity. However, the contribution of GSTs in fenclorim-coated rice under acetochlor treatment remains undescribed. In this research, the gene expression profile of different GSTs that could be involved in the response to acetochlor was studied. Results showed that acetochlor caused a different response in the evaluated GSTs during the time-course study (24, 48 and 96 h after acetochlor treatment). Overall, GSTs response in fenclorim-coated rice remained similar to that found in the controls (? 1-fold). However, at 24 h, GSTF2 was found to be 1.7-fold upregulated in fenclorim-coated rice compared to that with no fenclorim. Response of GSTs with no fenclorim tended to increase over time (e.g., GSTF5). However, GSTU16 displayed a null response to acetochlor in either rice seedlings with or without fenclorim. Based on these findings, acetochlor is not causing an upregulation at least in the described GSTs, and that could be attributed to different factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing chloroacetamide herbicides in current rice herbicide programs would offer a new site of action for producers to control problematic weeds. Recent research has shown that a fenclorim seed treatment can facilitate delayed-preemergence applications of acetochlor by mitigating herbicide injury. However, previous research is limited to silt loam soils and has yet to evaluate the performance on a heavy clay soil. Experiments were conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Northeast Research and Extension Center, near Keiser, Ark. to determine the safening potential of a fenclorim seed treatment for microencapsulated acetochlor applications on a Sharkey silty clay. The factors evaluated various acetochlor rates at 0, 1.12, 1.68, and 2.24 lb ai/ac and a fenclorim seed treatment at 0 and 2.5 lb ai/1000-lb of seed. Additionally, barnyardgrass and Palmer amaranth control were evaluated before removing all weeds prior to flood establishment. Increasing rates, unsurprisingly, increased barnyardgrass control and rice injury. Acetochlor rates of 1.68 and 2.24 lb ai/ac, averaged over fenclorim, provided similar levels of weed control with 82% to 87% barnyardgrass control and 89% to 94% Palmer amaranth control. However, 2.24 lb ai/ac caused 34% injury compared to 1.68 lb ai/ac causing 19% injury, averaged over the fenclorim seed treatment. The fenclorim seed treatment did not influence weed control; however, the safener did improve rice tolerance to acetochlor in both forms of injury and yield. Averaged over acetochlor herbicide rate, rice injury and yield were improved by 32 and 12 percentage points, respectively. Results from this study demonstrate the ability of fenclorim to enhance rice tolerance to microencapsulated acetochlor in a conventionally flooded rice system. Additionally, fenclorim would allow for delayed-preemergence applications of acetochlor providing an alternative site of action for rice producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloroacetamide herbicides are unavailable for U.S. rice production, likely due to the high risk of injury and variability associated with an early application and activation timings. Environmental conditions can induce severe injury and stand loss at early application timings. Previous research from the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture has demonstrated the efficacy of Warrant® [acetochlor, Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Group 15] to control problematic weeds in rice and a fenclorim seed treatment to reduce rice injury under typical drill-seeded rice-growing conditions but not under cool, saturated conditions. Therefore, two growth chamber experiments were initiated to evaluate rice tolerance with a 12-hour photoperiod, a night temperature of 55 °F, and a 75 °F day temperature. The experiment was designed as a three-factor factorial: with or without fenclorim (2.5 lb/1000 lb of seed), with or without Warrant (2.5 pt/ac) applied delayed-preemergence (DPRE), and a 0.25-in. or 1-in. planting depth. Rice shoots, heights, and visual injury estimates were recorded weekly until termination and biomass collection 30 days after emergence (DAE). The fenclorim seed treatment alone at 7 and 14 DAE caused a reduction in height by delaying emergence relative to the nontreated control, but height recovered by 21 DAE. Warrant alone caused injury ranging from 15% to 60%, while the fenclorim seed treatment reduced injury to rice from Warrant ranging from 0% to 20%. The deeper planting depth also improved tolerance to Warrant alone for all evaluations but did not provide commercial tolerance. Relative to the nontreated control, fenclorim alone improved aboveground rice biomass, while fenclorim and Warrant were comparable to the nontreated control and greater than Warrant alone. After 14 DAE, the fenclorim seed treatment enhanced crop tolerance to Warrant for all evaluations. Based on the results of this study, Warrant applied DPRE at 2.5 pt/ac with a fenclorim seed treatment should provide commercial tolerance in drill-seeded rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has brought forth concerns of offtarget movement of dicamba onto non-target vegetation. In order to mitigate off-target movement, producers and applicators are considering applications that do not broadcast herbicide via spray droplets, such as rope wicks and other wiper-type applicators. While wiper-type applications have been made in-crop before, the use of auxin-type herbicides such as dicamba has not been investigated. Two studies were conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Northeast Research and Extension Center near Keiser and the Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville in the summer of 2020 to determine the optimum application parameters for roller wiper application of dicamba in soybean. This study was designed as a 3-factor factorial with the first factor being target weed height, the second being herbicide concentration, and the third being the number of application directions. Results from these studies found that Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] mortality increased from 31% for a single application direction to 43% with the addition of a second application direction. Mortality also increased from 30% to 44% as a result of increased herbicide concentration. An increase in soybean injury was observed with the higher herbicide concentration, but there was no impact on grain yield. The findings from this study could aid producers in optimizing wiper applications of dicamba if these practices become common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warrant® is a microencapsulated (ME) formulation of the Weed Science Society of America's Group 15 herbicides, acetochlor, capable of controlling both grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Acetochlor is traditionally used in row crops such as corn, cotton, and soybean as a residual herbicide and is not currently labeled for use in rice. A fenclorim seed treatment combined with a delayed preemergence application timing can potentially reduce injury. In 2021, an experiment was conducted in Keiser, Arkansas to evaluate the effectiveness of acetochlor as Warrant for both weed control and injury to rice on a clay soil. The experiment involved three rates of acetochlor (1.12, 1.68, and 2.25 lb ai/ac), with and without a fenclorim seed treatment at (2.5 lb ai/1000 lb-seed). All applications occurred at a delayed preemergence application timing at 15 gallons per acre (GPA). Control of three problematic weeds (Palmer amaranth, horse purslane, and broadleaf signalgrass) and rice injury were rated at 28 days after treatment (DAT). Palmer amaranth control was numerically greatest when acetochlor was applied at 2.25 lb ai/ac (93%) but did not significantly differ from 1.68 lb ai/ac (83%). In terms of horse purslane and broadleaf signalgrass, weed control was the highest at a rate of 2.25 lb ai/ac at 75% and 88% respectively and was greater than both other rates of acetochlor. Injury to 'Diamond' rice was reduced with the use of a fenclorim seed treatment at acetochlor rates of 1.68 and 2.25 lb ai/ac when compared to those rates without a fenclorim seed treatment. Fenclorim as a seed treatment provides the opportunity for ME acetochlor to be safely used in a drill-seeded rice production system on a clay soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warrant® (microencapsulated, ME) and Harness® (emulsified concentrate, EC) are both formulations of acetochlor. Currently, no acetochlor formulation is labeled for use in rice production; however, pretilachlor, a less efficacious, chloroacetamide herbicide, is labeled for use in Asian rice production systems when combined with applications of fenclorim, a product developed by Ciba Geigy in the 1980s. Field trials were conducted in 2019 at the Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, to evaluate the safening effects of fenclorim as a seed treatment when applying acetochlor. The experiment was designed as a split plot with the whole-plot factor being fenclorim seed treatment (0%, 0.025%, and 0.25% lb ai/lb of seed) and subplot factors being two acetochlor formulations (ME and EC) and three acetochlor rates (0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 wt/wt-seed) applied preemergence (PRE) and delayed preemergence (DPRE). Non-herbicide treated plots also included fenclorim at each rate. As rate of acetochlor increased, injury to rice likewise increased. Higher rates of fenclorim decreased injury to rice, indicative of a safening effect. As acetochlor rate decreased, stand loss diminished and was comparable to the non-treated at the highest rates of the safener. Likewise, switching from EC to ME formulation caused less injury to rice. The highest rate of fenclorim (0.25% wt/wt-seed) in combination with the ME formulation of acetochlor at 1.12 lb ai/ac resulted in only 9% injury to rice; whereas the EC formulation at the same acetochlor rate caused 56% injury in the absence of fenclorim. Furthermore, applications made DPRE exhibited higher safety than that of the PRE applied treatments. This research clearly shows that fenclorim applied as a seed treatment in combination with a ME formulation of acetochlor applied DPRE can result in commercial safety to the herbicide in drill-seeded rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]