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Background/Aim. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic process that progresses with exacerbations. Various studies are carried out to predict mortality. Among the routine tests used to monitor and treat disease in the emergency department, special efforts are made to find those that are meaningful and diagnostic. The aim of the study was to compare the DECAF score and DECAF+Lactate score and examine the significance of the DECAF+Lactate score in predicting mortality in critically ill patients presenting with COPD exacerbation. Methods. This prospective multicentric study included 435 patients recruited from two centers. Patients who presented to the emergency department with acute COPD exacerbation and fit the definition of critically ill according to the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) were included in the study. The prognostic values of the scores were compared using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The efficiency of scoring 28-day mortality was compared with logistic regression analysis. Results. For 435 patients, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for lactate, DECAF score, and DECAF+Lactate score, which were statistically significant in the ROC curve analysis for predicting mortality: 50%, 90.2%, 0.711, odds ratio (OR): 0.622 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.573–2.203]; 57.6%, 64.3%, 0.654, OR: 0.618 (95%CI: 1.501–2.291); 60.1%, 75.4%, 0.744, OR: 0.790 (95%CI: 1.826–2.659), respectively. Each unit increase in the DECAF+Lactate score increased the risk of mortality by 2.203. Conclusion. As a result of our study, we believe that the DE-CAF+Lactate score is a more effective scoring system than the DECAF score as a predictor of mortality in critically ill patients with COPD exacerbation.

The aim of this research is to adapt the scales "Homework Management, Homework Effort, Teacher Homework Involvement, Teacher Feedback and Parental Homework Support" into Turkish. The research data were collected from 1,698 secondary school students in grades 5 to 8. The sample was divided into four subgroups and explanatory factor analysis was conducted on two groups and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on two groups. Concurrent validity analyses were carried out on all students. Data were collected from students studying in 24 classes of six different secondary schools in the Maltepe, Kartal and Pendik regions of Istanbul. 49.12% of this group of students are girls and 50.88% are boys, and the mean age of the participants is 11.84 years. In addition to the scales adapted to the Turkish language, homework behavior (homework completion, time spent on homework, going to school without homework) and academic achievement were measured for concurrent validity. The results of the EFA and CFA analyses were similar to the original scales for all scales. These findings regarding the number of sub-dimensions, the placement of scale items within these sub-dimensions, and the concurrent validity scores indicate that the Turkish versions of the five scales are valid and reliable for assessing mathematics homework at the secondary school level.

Digital transformation encompasses all the principles of people, working methods, and technology that support organizations in achieving their goals with the possibilities provided by the constantly developing information technologies that are in almost every aspect of our lives. Today, the impact of digital transformation is visible in every field with constantly developing technologies, and there is a rapid transition to digital innovations in almost all sectors. Web 3.0 and Metaverse, which are two innovations that support each other, are technological developments that can be used in many areas, and it is curious what role they will play in daily life. This study aims to present research on how the education and human-computer interaction fields can be synchronized with Metaverse technology with the impact of the digital age. In this study, the articles accessed by using the systematic analysis method were examined under the headings of subject, journal, year, research method, study group and sample, data analysis method, data collection method, field, country, conclusion, and suggestions for future studies. As a result of the research, 61 articles were found in the Web of Science database. Thus, it is aimed to obtain and discuss the results of how Metaverse technologies are reflected in the fields of education and human-computer interaction, in which direction they evolve, and how they will be reflected in future studies.

Atil Avci,1 Deniz Avci,2 Fatma Erden,3 Ertas Ragip,1 Ali Cetinkaya,2 Kemal Ozyurt,1 Mustafa Atasoy1 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Internal Medicine Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey; 3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Cubuk State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the value of hematological parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), as indicators of anterior uveal segment involvement in patients with Behcet’s disease (BD). Patients and methods: Hospital-based records of a total of 912 patients with BD from the dermatology clinic and healthy volunteers from the checkup clinic were assessed retrospectively. After applying the exclusion criteria of the study, 71 of the BD patients with anterior uveitis, 69 of the BD patients without ophthalmological pathology and 151 healthy volunteers were included in the study. MPV, PLR, and NLR values of patients and healthy volunteers were compared. Results: All MPV, PLR, and NLR values of patients who had anterior uveitis were significantly higher than those of other patients and healthy volunteers. Statistically, considering area under curves (ratio): NLR was 0.725 (0.653–0.797), P

The main purpose of this research is to develop a measure to determine university students' perceptions of the flipped learning model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted within the scope of the validity study of the scale, and its internal consistency was analyzed for its reliability. The data for exploratory factor analysis was collected from 360 preservice teachers who experienced the flipped learning model in the 2019-2020 academic year. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a three-dimensional structure (learning readiness, learning support and motivational interaction) consisting of 22 items was obtained, and factor loadings were between 0.82 and 0.50. The total variance ratio explained by the factors of the scale was determined as 57.59. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the data obtained from 354 pre-service teachers who did not participate in the exploratory factor analysis study. The most important values for CFA were X[superscript 2] =719.34; df=201; RMSEA = 0.08; SRMR =0.06; CFI = 0.97 and NNFI =0.97, which showed an acceptable level of fit confirming the three-factor structure. The findings show that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measure to determine the perceptions of university students regarding the flipped learning model.

Serdar Onat,1 Gungor Ates,2 Alper Avcı,3 Tekin Yıldız,4 Ali Birak,1 Cihan Akgul Ozmen,5 Refik Ulku1 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, 2Department of Chest Diseases, Memorial Hospital, Diyarbakir, 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, 4Department of Chest Diseases, Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, 5Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey Background: Mediastinoscopy is a good method to evaluate mediastinal lesions. We sought to determine the current role of mediastinoscopy in the investigation of non-lung cancer patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical parameters (age, gender, histological diagnosis, morbidity, mortality) of all patients without lung cancer who consecutively underwent mediastinoscopy in Hospital of Faculty of Medicine of Dicle University between June 2003 and December 2016.Results: Two-hundred twenty nine patients without lung cancer who underwent mediastino­scopy for the pathological evaluation of mediastinum during the study period were included. There were 156 female (68%) and 73 male (32%) patients. Mean age was 52.6 years (range, 16 to 85 years). Mean operative time was 41 minutes (range, 25 to 90 minutes). Mean number of biopsies was 9.3 (range, 5 to 24). Totally, 45 patients (19.6%) had previously undergone a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic biopsy such as transbronchial needle aspiration or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Mediastinoscopy was diagnostic for all patients. Diagnosis included sarcoidosis (n=100), tuberculous lymphadenitis (n=66), anthracosis lymphadenitis (n=44), lymphoma (n=11) metastatic carcinoma (n=5), and Castleman’s disease (n=1); there was a diagnosis of silicosis in one patient and tymoma in one patient. Neither operative mortality nor major complication developed. The only minor complication was wound infection which was detected in three patients.Conclusion: Although newer diagnostic modalities are being increasingly used to diagnose mediastinal diseases, mediastinoscopy continues to be a reliable method for the investigation of mediastinal lesions. Keywords: mediastinoscopy, lymphadenopathy, granulomatous diseases, mediastinum, lymph node

Throughout the period of pandemic, many studies have been conducted on emergency remote teaching (ERT) in different fields and from different perspectives, which reveal that there has been a lack of a comprehensive map showing the rapid and continuous responses of these studies to the process. The purpose of this research is to analyze open access research on ERT using bibliometric method, and to reveal current trends in this field. VOSviewer software was used for data analysis; the data collection process was shaped using the PRISMA framework. 238 studies were included in the analysis. The distribution of the open access studies analyzed in the field of emergency remote teaching by year, type of publication, subject, country, and sources was examined; citation analysis (by journal and publication), authorship patterns and collaboration, common word analyses are included. It was found out that these open access publications mainly consisted of journal articles and were dated 2020 and 2021; most of the publications were in the field of educational sciences. Based on common word analysis, the most important topics that are addressed in studies on the ERT process are the process of pandemic, distance education and higher education, while the challenges experienced regarding teachers and pedagogic issues during the process, teacher education, student-related characteristics (such as self-regulated learningmotivation-academic success) and participation are found to be frequently studied topics. The concepts of instructional design, collaborative learning, social presence, and assessment are also among the topics covered. It is anticipated that the implications for policy and practice based on the examination of research trends will have a significant effect on the structuring of future online learning environments, as well as the ERT designed for emergencies.

The present study aims to determine the social anxiety levels of prospective teachers in e-learning environments. The research adopts the cross-sectional survey model. The study group consists of 506 pre-service teachers through a convenience sampling technique from a state university in northern Turkey during the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The data are collected online through the "Social Anxiety Scale for E-Learning Environments" in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The study found that teacher candidates have a moderate level of social anxiety in e-learning environments which unfavorably affects academic achievement. Moreover, it is concluded that gender is not directly affecting social anxiety in e-learning environments, but the grade level is influential on social anxiety. There is a positive correlation between prospective teachers' self-efficacy in using computers and their social anxiety levels in e-learning environments. This study has revealed new empirical results on the reflections of social anxiety in e-learning environments. The results are discussed in line with the relevant literature and some recommendations are made.

Previous research on listening in English as a foreign language setting mainly focused on the students' experiences and skills rather than examining teachers' roles, beliefs, and practices. Exploring teachers' cognitions and practices on teaching listening is key to understanding challenges and tensions in the teaching context and to providing solutions. To address this gap, the current study investigated 4 EFL teachers' beliefs and practices in teaching listening in a primary school via semi-structured interviews, lesson recordings, and artifacts. Findings indicated that there is a mismatch between the teachers' beliefs and actual practices regarding listening pedagogy mainly owing to the limited time and curriculum load. Findings are discussed and implications for teachers and teacher education programs are provided.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between internet addiction, relationship satisfaction, and Gestalt contact styles among university students. A sample from a university in Turkey was recruited, which included 373 university students (271 females, 72.7%), aged 15-55. We administered and assessed the Gestalt Contact Disturbances Scale, Young's Internet Addiction Test, and the Relationship Assessment Scale. The relations were explored using Pearson's correlation and path analysis. Results indicated that contact, dependent contact, final contact, and full contact has significantly effect relationship satisfaction. Also, contact, full contact, relationship satisfaction has significantly effect internet addiction. Dependent contact and final contact has no significant effect on internet addiction. The results provided a perspective on expanding the literature of Gestalt therapy and internet addiction. We have provided some suggestions for Gestalt therapists and counselors.

College students face a diverse range of difficulties that risk their wellness. Therefore, understanding factors affecting college students' wellness would be important for preventing and intervening strategies. This study examined the mediating role of coping styles on the relationships between basic psychological needs and wellness in Turkish college students. A total of 599 college students participated in the study by filling out self-reported questionnaires on basic psychological needs, coping styles, and wellness. A path analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The findings showed positive direct effects of basic psychological needs on wellness. The results also revealed that self-confident, optimistic, and helpless coping styles were partial mediators between basic psychological needs and wellness. However, social support-seeking and submissive coping styles did not play any significant mediation role. Specifically, satisfaction of basic psychological needs was associated with self-confident and optimistic styles, which is in turn positively associated to college students' wellness. These findings advance our understanding of the association of basic psychological needs with wellness via coping styles. The limitations and practical implications, along with the future research directions, were discussed.

Stereotype threat occurs when educational institutions remind us of the stereotype that men are more successful in mathematics and that women's mathematics achievement is negatively affected. In this study, the effect of stereotype threat on the academic achievement of high school students was examined. In the designed experimental study, there are two experimental groups (threat 1 and 2) and a control group. The effects of two different stereotype threats were compared in the experimental groups. After the explanations to reveal stereotype threat in the experimental groups, a mathematics test was used and the "State Anxiety and Stereotype Awareness Scale" was administered at the end of the test. In this study conducted in the 10th grade of high school, data was also obtained from male students. According to the data, while there was no significant difference in terms of academic success between the study groups consisting of female students, it was seen that the academic success of the threat 1 group was higher among males. In terms of academic achievement, threat 1 group shows the greatest inequality between genders. It was observed that the state anxiety levels of female students in the experimental groups increased. According to the findings, in addition to a positive and low-level significant relationship between anxiety and academic success in female students, there is also a mediating relationship between anxiety and stereotype threat and academic success. There is no difference between male student groups. Awareness of stereotypes was low in both genders, and it was concluded that boys' awareness was higher than girls.