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[EN] The purpose of the following degree final project is to apply a SCADA ( Supervisory Control And Data Adquisition) system in order to help with the monitoring and maintenance of three transformation centres from a single control workstation. By means of passive components all the data possible about the transformation centres is collected and sent to the control workstation using some PLCs ( Programmable Logic Controller) and remote controllers. The Modbus standard of communication is also going to be used to read the values stored in some consumption analyzers placed at the transformation centres. Finally, for making easier the reading of the data, there is a computer at the control workstation and a touchscreen per transformation centre as a HMI ( Human Machine Interface). Thanks to this application, which is adjustable to the number of transformation centres desired, an electrical maintenance work tea mis able to read these centres easily and unified in a single device to react faster and efficiently., [ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado tiene como finalidad la aplicación de un sistema SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Adquisition) para la monitorización y el mantenimiento de tres centros de transformación situados a menos de 100 metros del puesto de control. Por medio de bobinas y otros dispositivos pasivos se obtienen todos los datos posibles sobre los centros de transformación para, con PLCs y dispositivos de periferias descentralizadas, enviar los datos al puesto de control. También se va a hacer uso del estándar de comunicación Modbus para comunicar los valores que almacenan varios analizadores de consumo en las cabinas de los centros de transformación. Finalmente, para facilitar la lectura de los datos, en el puesto de control se coloca una pantalla que hace de HMI (Human Machine Interface). Gracias a esta aplicación, la cual es escalable al número de centros de transformación deseados, un equipo de mantenimiento eléctrico es capaz de monitorizar estos centros de manera sencilla y unificada en un único dispositivo, para actuar de manera más rápida y eficaz.

Purpose One of the main goals in software solutions for treatment planning is to automatize delineation of organs at risk (OARs). In this pilot feasibility study a clinical validation was made of computed tomography (CT)-based extracranial auto-segmentation (AS) using the Brainlab Anatomical Mapping tool (AM). Methods The delineation of nine extracranial OARs (lungs, kidneys, trachea, heart, liver, spinal cord, esophagus) from clinical datasets of 24 treated patients was retrospectively evaluated. Manual delineation of OARs was conducted in clinical routine and compared with AS datasets using AM. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and maximum Hausdorff distance (HD) were used as statistical and geometrical measurements, respectively. Additionally, all AS structures were validated using a subjective qualitative scoring system. Results All patient datasets investigated were successfully processed with the evaluated AS software. For the left lung (0.97 ± 0.03), right lung (0.97 ± 0.05), left kidney (0.91 ± 0.07), and trachea (0.93 ± 0.04), the DSC was high with low variability. The DSC scores of other organs (right kidney, heart, liver, spinal cord), except the esophagus, ranged between 0.7 and 0.9. The calculated HD values yielded comparable results. Qualitative assessment showed a general acceptance in more than 85% of AS OARs—except for the esophagus. Conclusions The Brainlab AM software is ready for clinical use in most of the OARs evaluated in the thoracic and abdominal region. The software generates highly conformal structure sets compared to manual contouring. The current study design needs revision for further research.

The novel diagnostic approaches employed in this dissertation showcase the on-going development of experimental datasets in turbulent spray jets and flames; for both physical insight and model validation. The piloted Sydney Needle Spray Burner (SYNSBURNTM) is introduced for this purpose, featuring air-blast atomization with liquid injection from a needle that can be translated within a co-flowing air stream. The pilot-stabilized spray flames can range between the two extremes of dilute and dense by physically translating the needle tip relative to the burner’s exit plane. The burner provides a versatile platform for studying complex multi-phase flows more akin to practical combustors and the resulting analysis has proved useful in the development and validation of related models for turbulent spray jets and flames. The stability characteristics for these spray flames are presented for multiple recess lengths using acetone, ethanol and biodiesel fuels. LDV/PDA and high-speed shadowgraphy are performed in the dense atomization region of spray jets and flames to characterise the flow-field. A novel classification scheme based on shape is developed and used to clearly define the boundary conditions and to map the evolution of liquid fragments. The characteristic final breakup point of the liquid column, as well as the onset of primary and secondary atomization regimes are spatially-resolved using these techniques. The first temperature measurements in turbulent dilute and dense spray flames using single- laser-shot chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CPP-fs-CARS) are demonstrated and the subsequent dataset analysed. The state-of-the-art 5 kHz CPP-fs-CARS system has achieved integration times of 3 picoseconds (ps) as well as spatial resolution of approximately 800μm along beam propagation and 60μm in the transverse dimension. New details of the technique, calibration, correction of interferences, and spectral fitting procedures relevant to turbulent spray flame thermometry are presented, along with estimates of the associated error. The measurements are validated against well-established datasets in comparable gaseous flames. The thermal structure of spray flames is spatially and temporally resolved. The correlation between the flow and temperature-field show that thermal structures in turbulent spray flames are affected by liquid morphology in the near-field. The wealth of information available in these combined datasets has provided great insight into partially-premixed combustion.

The goal of this work was to develop a direct labeling rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based detection protocol as a straightforward and preferable general amplification strategy applicable to various detection platforms. To this end an alternative fluorophore label to Cy3, the most commonly used green excitation dye in biodetection formats, were sought. The most suitable dye, DY-555, was employed in microarray assays yielding a protocol that reduces handling and reaction time efficiently with lesser costs while providing a great signal yield. Seven fluorophores from different dye classes were investigated with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy to identify a candidate yielding maximum fluorescence with a minimum amount of dye molecules in a DNA template with defined labeling site spacing for the enzymatic integration of the dye-dUTPs. The most favorable properties were: High fluorescence quantum yield, absorption/emission features with a minimum sensitivity to the dye's microenvironment, and good photochemical stability. For future for multiplexed real-time detection a fluorescence lifetime well above the signal for the scattered excitation light for potential detection with time-resolved fluorescence would be favorable. DY-555 offered all of these properties along with lesser cost than Cy3 and was subsequently chosen as the fluorophore label for assay studies. An enzymatic direct labeling protocol for RCA-based signal amplification on a DNA microarray via dye-dUTPs was established. Next to the fluorophores, the labeling strategy, composition of reaction solution, and number of handling steps where optimized. With the resulting protocol, the assay's runtime and handling steps could be reduced while increasing the signal yield. The procedure was also carried out on an antibody microarray portraying the feasibility of applying this protocol to other RCA-based platforms. These features are very attractive for many detection formats but especially for point-of-care diagnostic kits that need to be easy enough to be performed by scientifically untrained personnel., Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines rolling circle amplification (RCA) basierten Nachweisprotokolls als einfache und auf verschiedene Untersuchungsplattformen anwendbare Signalamplifikationsstrategie. Für dieses Ziel wurden Alternativen zum Fluoreszenzlabel Cy3 gesucht, dem am häufigsten verwendeten Farbstoff im grünen Anregungsbereich. Der am Besten geeignete Farbstoff, DY-555, wurde in Mikroarray-Assays verwendet und führte zu einem Protokoll das die Handhabungs- und Reaktionszeit ökonomisch verringert während das Nachweissignal verstärkt wurde. Sieben Fluorophore verschiedener Farbstoffklassen wurden mit statischer und zeitaufgelöster Spektroskopie untersucht um einen Kandidaten zu finden der die maximale Fluoreszenz mit der minimalen Menge an Farbstoffmolekülen, in einem DNA Templat mit definierten Einbaustellen für die enzymatische Integration von Farbstoff-dUTPs, ermöglicht. Die günstigsten Eigenschaften waren: hohe Quantenausbeute, Absorptions-/ und Emissions-Eigenschaften die in verschiedenen Mikroumgebungen stabil sind und gute photochemische Stabilität. Für zukünftige Multiplex- Echtzeit-Detektion wäre eine möglichst lange Fluoreszenzlebenszeit, oberhalb des Signals des Anregungsstreulichts, für zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenzmessungen von Vorteil. DY-555 zeigte alle diese Eigenschaften zusammen mit geringeren Kosten als Cy3 und war daher für Fluoreszenzlabel-Assaystudien ausgewählt. Ein enzymatisches Direktmarkierungsprotokoll für RCA-basierte Signalamplifikation auf DNA-Mikroarrays mittels Farbstoff-dUTPs wurde erstellt. Neben den Fluorophoren wurde die Markierungsstrategie, Zusammensetzung der Reaktionslösung und die Anzahl der Handhabungsschritte optimiert. Mit dem resultierenden Protokoll konnten die Assay-Laufzeit und die Handhabungsschritte reduziert werden während das Signal verstärkt wurde. Die Prozedur wurde auch auf einem Antikörper-Mikroarray durchführt, um die Möglichkeit zu zeigen, dieses Protokoll auf anderen RCA-basierten Plattformen anzuwenden. Diese Eigenschaften machen es sehr attraktiv für viele Detektionsformate aber besonders für Vor-Ort-Diagnostikverfahren die einfach genug sein müssen um von wissenschaftlich ungeschulten Personal durchgeführt zu werden.

Desde el año 2004 se está desarrollando un sistema electrónico para la vigilancia epidemiológica en la Comunidad Valenciana y su análisis (AVE), que permite recoger en tiempo real los datos de las enfermedades de declaración obligatoria (EDO), de los brotes, y de las alertas, su análisis y la difusión de la información a los usuarios de forma automatizada. Dentro del territorio de la Comunidad Valenciana, las actividades de vigilancia se llevan a cabo en 17 Unidades de Vigilancia, de acuerdo con la desagregación sanitaria de la comunidad, que actúan como primer nivel especializado de la vigilancia. El sistema de vigilancia electrónico es operativo para todas esas unidades e igualmente cubre a los facultativos de atención primaria y especializada, capacitándoles para completar la información clínica de los casos de enfermedades, que son detectados a partir de los datos sociodemográficos del Sistema de Información Ambulatoria (SIA). La incorporación de los resultados microbiológicos se realiza automáticamente, a través de la Red de Vigilancia Microbiológica de la Comunidad Valenciana. El análisis de los casos, los brotes y las alertas se lleva a cabo por medio de una serie de algoritmos que permite la creación de avisos dirigidos al epidemiólogo. Desde los servicios centrales se tiene acceso a todo el sistema para el análisis de la información y el control de la calidad del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica. La aplicación ha conseguido disminuir el tiempo de declaración de los datos y aumentar la exhaustividad de esa declaración de manera significativa. Since 2004 an electronic epidemiological surveillance system (AVE) has been developed and implemented for infectious diseases in the autonomous region of Valencia that allows data collection from notifiable diseases in real time concerning outbreaks and alerts, as well as analysis and dissemination of the information. Within the autonomous region of Valencia, the system is used by 17 epidemiology units, which act as the first level of specialized surveillance. The electronic surveillance system is used by all these units, as well as by physicians working in primary and specialized care, who can introduce information from the ambulatory information system while the patient is in the practice room. The system is able to capture the demographic data from the patient and the physician can add any other information that is considered important for the case detected. The system receives new laboratory test results overnight from the Microbiological Surveillance Network (RedMIVA). AVE can record outbreaks of notifiable diseases as well as any unusual clusters or changing patterns of any disease. The department of epidemiology has access to the whole system for analysis of the information and for quality control of the epidemiological surveillance. The system provides timely and comprehensive information to facilitate public health action in individual cases of infectious disease.