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— Hybrid energy generation is a renewable energy power plant with more efficiency and advantages than a stand-alone generator. Using 2 generators for battry storage can speed up the charging of energy to the battery but in the battery charging system, there is still wasted energy and an uncontrolled Charging and Discharging system on the battery resulting in a short battery life. Therefore we need a tool to control the Charging and Discharging performance of the battery in order to optimize battery charging thereby extending battery life.Automatic Switching System is an innovation of Charging and Discharging activity management so that it does not occur simultaneously on the battery, this process is carried out by a microcontroller. The use of 2 DC power sources as a charging source helps speed up battery charging for 30 minutes faster than 1 source. Through several modes provided, this tool can select sources and batteries that can be used as a condition for Charging and Discharging.

This paper demonstrates a designed prototype of an instant power supply scheme to assure continuous output current to load in housing application to utilize both renewable energy and Grid. The design procedure and performance evaluation an improved quality “Arduino” based smart switching controller for a hybrid solar system. Based on a programmable algorithm, a smart switching controller was designed using a relay and voltage sensing element for cost-effective operation within the grid-tied solar system and reducing power consumption from the grid. The switching controller controls the power supply to the load by confirming the availability of the solar, battery and grid. The implemented automatic Switching system demonstrates that it has the capability of automatic switching and acceptable performance for grid-connected Hybrid Solar System. At nominal voltage output and frequency, the inverter output has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A real-time online WiFi module and LCD based monitoring circuit have been developed and adapted to monitor the whole system for the efficient operation of the system.

Because of its compact structure and reliable performance, the cam mechanism has been widely used in automatic machinery, such as automatic tool changing system, packaging machinery, automatic production line, automatic switching system and so on. At present, a variety of common drive and control devices have been developed with arc cam as the core component. The cam indexing mechanism is a new type of transmission device to realize high speed and high precision intermittent indexing motion. It is widely used and has been studied by more and more scholars at home and abroad, and has achieved remarkable results. At present, its theoretical research has matured. However, because the profile of indexing cam is a non-spiral surface in space, it brings inconvenience to the design and manufacture of cam. When the arc cam is damaged and the design parameters of the original arc cam cannot be known, the original arc cam profile can only be obtained by measuring limited data. In the original parameterized design method, the profile of the arc cam is determined by the motion law of the follower. If the motion law curve of the follower can be obtained, the contour curve of the arc cam can be obtained in reverse. So the problem of solving the profile surface of the cam can be transformed into a follower which meets the requirements the curve of motion law. Taking the CAM Z175 as an example, this paper describes in detail the whole process of motion rule analysis, optimization of the motion law curve and simulation verification in CAM reverse design.

A hybrid solar tracker is required to maximize the energy efficiency of solar power. This system is inaccurately monitored and is not user-friendly managed. A simple and low-cost data acquisition system is needed to successfully designed for data acquisition and automatic switching on the hybrid solar tracker. The result reveals that the sunlight intensity with 3.5 volts threshold voltage becomes the switching parameter on hybrid solar tracker which affects the LDR voltage. The maximum distance of data transmission systems using telemetry 3DR module for blocked location is 120 meters, while the unblocked location is 350 meters. The existence of the automatic switching on the solar tracker may increase the output efficiency of the hybrid solar tracker PV with reflector can reach 51.56% compared to the fixed PV, with an energy deviation of 183.88 Wh. The energy generated by the tracker PV is 540.47 Wh, while the energy consumption of the main component is 71.68 Wh. Therefore, the energy that can be saved is 468.79 Wh.

In this work we present a specialized software that should be used in the bidding or design phases for the optimal choice of the equipment that make up the automatic switching system from the base source to the backup source. The use of the software does neither require wide electric engineering knowledge, design knowledge nor electric circuit sizing know-how, and can be used by the bidding and supply staff. The advantage of using this software is the possibility to quickly select the necessary technical equipment in order to obtain a technically competitive automation system at a convenient price. The software we propose in this work is based on sizing calculations and predefined lists of standardized equipment provided by various producers and suppliers. Upon inputting variable values, the software outputs a price estimate and a list of electric gear, including the life-size equipment dimensions. The software application allows the sales engineer to draw up the necessary documentation, without the assistance of the design engineer, in order to establish a correct price estimate.

HF communication is widely used in radio broadcast, military, emergency relief and many other applications due to its flexibility, mobility, low cost of equipment, and low dependence on infrastructure. Meanwhile, it has a severe shortage that its communication channel is very unstable, which brings much noise into the transmitted speech. In this paper, an automatic switching system is proposed to enhance the shortwave speech signals, which includes an objective quality evaluation algorithm for low SNR speech, a multi-channel speech alignment algorithm, and multi-channel automatic switching strategies. This system does not only apply to the multi-channel switching of shortwave channel speeches, but can also contribute to that of other low SNR speeches. In order to verify the effectiveness of the system, we conduct two sets of experiments. The experiment results show that the proposed system can effectively enhance shortwave speech signals as expected.

Voltage pulse and current pulse test of phase change memory (PCM) device is realized by computer controlling pulse generator, digital source meter, current pulse generating circuit, switching circuit and other hardware devices. The PCM device test includes several modules of the relationship between current and voltage, voltage and current, resistance and voltage pulse width or height, resistance and current pulse width or height, and fatigue characteristics. In these test modules, the automatic switching system achieves the automatic switching between voltage pulse and current pulse test. The automatic switching system of voltage pulse and current pulse test can not only achieve the automation of engineering testing, but also can reduce the noise interference.

A directional feeding method at the railway transformer is applied for supplying the power to the electric railway substations, and the pre-installed facilities with common feeder are utilized in preparation for the failure of feeding system and in finding a fault location in case that the catenary failure occurs. However, it is some difficulty in finding the fault location since there is an interface problem with the facilities when the supplying power system operates. In this paper, Auto Fault Locator Transfer Drive System (ALTDS) is designed to search for the fault location efficiently, and the measuring data are obtained and compared with the KORAIL standards. Further, the ground connection test is accomplished 24 times as the verification method, and it is shown that the methodology provides better performance than the existing traditional one.

The power demand during peak period causes large power fluctuations in the commercial grid. The reduction in using grid supply during peak time benefits the supplier and consumer. There are many methods such as monitoring the usage of grid supply, implementing load shedding, using local generators and disconnecting unwanted loads during peak time, used to reduce grid dependency during peak time. These methods reduce power demand from grid by either supplying interrupted power to the load or by establishing additional power source. The objective of this research is to solve the high power demand from grid during peak time and to avoid the frequent load shedding problem. The research design includes design of hybrid power system. In this research, solar and grid power are chosen as two power sources and automatic switching system to select the power source to supply uninterrupted power to the load is designed. The automatic selection of power source during peak time with selection of power source based on the availability of the source is designed and tested using Proteus real time simulation software. The introduction of fuzzy logic method to select the source based on the utility power level, and availability of the source is also described. The results of the fuzzy logic system in selecting the power source during peak time along with the utilized power level is analyzed. A manual switch is added to the system to override all the input conditions which is also considered as one of the input to the fuzzy decision making system. The designed system is tested in MATLAB and Proteus simulation software. The outputs are displayed in the LCD screen added to the microcontroller. The results displayed are the power source selected based on the availability of the source, peak and off peak time and the power utilized by various sources. The results shows that the designed system is more flexible in selecting the power source based on the utility level and availability of power source to save energy. It can be seen that the designed system eliminates the drawbacks of the existing system to reduce stress on the grid during peak time. Also it is economically feasible to implement it and efficient in supplying uninterrupted power to the load.

Electrode impedances are measured to quantitatively characterize the electrode-electrolyte or cell-elec-trode interfaces. In the case of high-density microelectrode arrays(MEAs) that have been developed for brain-machine interface applications, the characterization process becomes a repeating and time-consuming task; a systemthat can perform the measurement and analysis in an automated fashion with accuracy and speed is required. How-ever, due to the large number of channels, parasitic capacitance and off-capacitance components of the switching sys-tem become the major factors that decreased the accuracy for the measurement of high impedance microelectrodes.Here we investigated the implementation of automatic impedance measurement system with analyzing the causesof possible measurement-related problems in multichannel switching configuration. Based on our multi-channel mea-surement circuit model, we suggest solutions to the problems and introduce a novel impedance measurement schemeusing electro-mechanical relays. The implemented measurement system could measure |Z| < 700 kΩ of impedancein −10% errors, which can be widely applicable to high density neural recording MEAs.Key words: MEA, electrode impedance, automatic impedance measurement system, multichannel switching, elec-tro-mechanical relay switch

Breast Cancer is among the top five cause of cancer death and topmost cause among women worldwide. Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy seems to be promising imaging technique as it is non-invasive, comparatively cheap and no known health hazards. Multi-frequency microcontroller based EIS system has been designed and implemented using function generator (XR-2206 IC), Howland V/I converter, EIS automatic switching system using microcontroller ATmega8, Instrumentation amplifier, Butterworth bandpass filter. This paper focuses on the study of different phantoms like reactive and oval shaped phantom for measuring the performances of the designed multi-frequency EIS system. Measurement on reactive and oval shaped phantom gives a resolution that proposed EIS system is applicable for medical applications.

In order to generate complex attractor of chaos, an automatic switching system which is consists of two subsystems is constructed. Through the analog switch, the system can automatically switch between the three subsystems. With Lyapunov index and the bifurcation diagram analysis of the characteristics of the chaotic system. Analysis of the basic characteristics of the system, such as the equilibrium point, the fractal dimension, dissipation, and so on. Design of analog circuits to implement the switching function and switching chaotic system, through the circuit three chaotic systems automatically switch. Experimental results and computer simulation, Lyapunov exponent analysis and bifurcation diagram analysis are the same.

Hydro-Quebec has undertaken a major program to upgrade the reliability of its transmission system. Much effort has been directed toward increasing the system's capacity to withstand extreme contingencies, usually caused by multiple incidents or the successive tripping of transmission lines. In order to counter such events, Hydro-Quebec has adopted a defensive scheme. Based entirely on automatic action, this scheme will mainly rely on: a 735 kV shunt reactor switching system (called MAIS); a generation rejection and/or remote load-shedding system (called RPTC); and an underfrequency load-shedding system. The MAIS system, which is the subject of this paper, will be implemented in 22 substations and is required to control voltage on the system after a severe event. Each MAIS system, acting locally, is entirely independent and will close or trip shunt reactors in response to local conditions.

The challenge of extending the autonomy in AUV deployments is one of the most important issues in oceanographic research today. The possibility of maintaining a team of AUV under deployment in a defined area of interest for a long period could provide an additional source of information [8]. All this data in combination with the measures provided by buoys and sea gliders used for slow motion and long range operations will be very valuable. A group of low cost AUV's in alternative automatic switching system navigation-charging operation, could allow a kind of continuous surveying operation. This work is the continuation of the ideas that some of the authors previously presented in the AUV 2010 conference at MBARI [8]. At this conference was proposed the great interest for researching oceanic processes on two areas near Cartagena, Spain: cape Tiñoso and the Mar Menor a shallow coastal lagoon. Both areas require a different research structure configuration because of their opposite characteristics. The Mar Menor is a shallow salty lagoon 20 miles long with 7 m of maximum depth and particular features. This lagoon seems to present a sort of oceanic behavior and can be compared with the major oceans but a minor scale. The second area considered is cape Tiñoso, a very deep area in the Mediterranean Sea where the presence of a self-break provides an interesting potential for the research of the effect of upwelling currents., This work has been partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under projects number TIN2011-28435-C03-01 and CTM2011-29691-C02-01.

In order to effectively utilize fingerprint, facial, and site photographic information, an automatic switching system for high-resolution phototelegraphic equipment was introduced. In this system, phototelegraphs can be sent to many places at one time, and transmission modes such as normal/urgent/special urgent can be set. To transmit data smoothly and efficiently, the system is equipped with functions allowing the most appropriate transmission scheduling, by address, transmission mode, available line and other information. In addition to making it easier to conduct fast searches for runaways and suspects, this system speeds up fingerprint registration and retrieval by making it possible to select a high resolution (20 lines/mm) mode. Quality of this level is necessary for input into the automated Fingerprint Identification System (FIS) developed by National Police Agency. A description is given of the structure, functions, and operation of this Automatic Switching System for High-resolution Phototelegraphic Equipment (ASSP). >

The 57 A protection system is a fault-sensing and switching system, which serves as an automatic guardian of the quality of a broad-band (1,300 kc) transmission channel. Acting upon a loss in transmission level, or an increase in noise, it transfers a communication traffic load from a failing regular channel to a normally unassigned stand-by channel. The transmission protection afforded by the stand-by channel is shared among as many as three regular channels.

An automatic telephone switching system, built as a laboratory experiment, is described in which electronic techniques, high speed relays and a subscriber telephone with a preset dialing mechanism were employed. One-at-a-time operation within the office was made possible by these fast tools; that is, only a single control circuit was provided for each function. This experimental system, although not commercially economical, showed that an advantageous reduction in the number of control and connector circuits is made possible by this method of operation.

This paper describes a new television broadcast plant in which significant improvements have been made in the following areas: 1) Camera control center 2) Sync distribution system 3) Video tape recording and playback system 4) Audio system 5) Control room switcher 6) Transmitter control center 7) Maintenance 8) Studio lighting 9) Automatic switching system