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International audience; This study established a comprehensive picture of airborne metal pollution in the industrial urbanized area of the East of Algiers (Algeria). Thalli of the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea were transplanted from a remote unpolluted forest (Theniet El-Had) to eighteen biomonitoring sites in the Rouiba−Reghaia region exhibiting contrasting anthropogenic activities, including the wooded Reghaia Nature Reserve. Thirty-three metals and rare earths, and Br in lichen thalli were determined after 3 months exposure by X-ray fluorescence and instrumental neutron activation analysis. All biomonitored element concentrations exhibited dramatic increases compared to the control region, and calculation of contamination factor index unveiled that Sb, Pb, Ti, V, Ce, La, Ga, Cr, Cs, Cu, and Cd had the highest contamination levels in almost all the study sites. The degree of ambient pollution was assessed using enrichment factor, pollution load index, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis. A multiple correspondence analysis showed Pb, Sb, and Ga to be highly enriched with heavy contamination in all study sites, even in the Reghaia Nature Reserve.

International audience; ObjectivesWe show that participatory research approaches can be a useful tool across disciplines and data collection methods to explore the socio-exposome near one of the largest industrial harbors in Europe. We analyzed resident involvement in each project and their capacity to affect structural changes.MethodsLongitudinal participatory environmental monitoring studies on lichens, petunias, aquatic systems and groundwater were conducted under the program VOCE (Volunteers for the Citizens' Observation of the Environment), which mobilized nearly 100 volunteers to collect and report data. A community-based participatory health survey, Fos EPSEAL was also carried out during the same period. We describe citizens' involvement in each study following Davis and Ramirez-Andreotta's (2021) ‘best practice’ grid. We also use residents' insights to refine understanding of the socio-exposome.ResultsThe region is significantly impacted by industrial pollution and fenceline communities are disproportionately exposed. The community-based participatory health survey documented negative health outcomes among the residents, including a higher prevalence of chronic symptoms and diabetes (e.g., 11.9%) in the Fos-Berre Lagoon region than in other communities. This methodology shows the benefits of the co-production of knowledge in environmental health: not only does it enable epistemological transformations favorable to the vulnerable population, but it also triggered public action (i.e., media and public authorities’ attention leading to official expertise reports, filing of collective complaints before the courts).ConclusionThis body of multiple participatory research studies over time is a useful approach to better understand the socio-exposome and health issues in an industrial zone.

International audience; Cultivated soils are under the influence of mechanical tillage and diffuse metal pollution of anthropogenic origin from atmospheric deposits and agricultural inputs. Communities of microarthropods (springtails and oribatid, gamasid and actinedid mites), living in surface horizons, play an essential role in the soil functioning. This work aims to assess the influence of some agricultural practices, physico-chemical characteristics and metal contamination on the structure and specific richness of microarthropod communities. The main types of agricultural soils, representative of current agricultural activities in the Midi-Pyrénées region, and the associated microarthropods were sampled. Physico-chemical parameters and total concentrations of trace metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in soils and microarthropods were determined, as well as the fraction of labile metals using sequential extractions and EDTA chemical extraction. The results indicate that land cover influences the diversity and abundance of microarthropods. Indeed, cereal crop soils have a lower abundance and diversity of microarthropods than grassland, vineyard or orchard soils. Moreover, a positive and significant correlation was demonstrated between the total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of the soil and the abundance of microarthropods. On the contrary, mites and springtails are not impacted by the trace metal concentrations measured in agricultural soils. The ability to bioaccumulate metals in microarthropods is mainly related to trophic levels, with gamasid and actinedid mites (predators) accumulating more than springtails and oribatid mites (detritivores). Finally, the accumulation of metals, partly regulated by their availability in the soil, is also dependent on their affinity and toxicity for microarthopods, in particular for groups of detritivores. Consequently, the communities of microarthropods, and in particular the springtail populations, are of interest, due to their bioaccumulation capacity, for evaluating the levels of trace metals in agricultu-ral soils and can serve as a bioindicator of the impact of disturbances in the soil related to soil tillage and agricultural practices.

International audience; 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) is implied in the production of brominated flame retardants but is also a major chlorination by-product in seawater. A growing number of studies indicate that TBP is highly toxic to the marine biota, but the contribution of anthropogenic sources among natural production is still under question concerning its bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Here, several water sampling campaigns were carried out in the industrialized Gulf of Fos and clearly showed the predominant incidence of industrial chlorination discharges on the TBP levels in water, at the 1-10 ng L-1 level in average and reaching up to 580 ng L-1 near the outlets. The bioaccumulation of TBP was measured in 90 biota samples of the Gulf of Fos. The concentrations found in European conger muscle tissues (140 to 1000 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average), purple sea urchin gonads (830 to 880 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average), and Mediterranean mussel body (1500 to 2000 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average) were above all published references. Significant correlations with fish length (European conger) and gonad somatic index (purple sea urchin) were also identified. Comparatively, fish, urchins and mussels from other Mediterranean sites analyzed within this study showed a lower bioaccumulation level of TBP, consistently with what found elsewhere. Industrial outflows were thus identified as hotspots for TBP in seawater and marine organisms. The environmental risk assessment indicated a high potential toxicity in the industrial Gulf of Fos, in particular near the outlets, and a limited threat to human but toxicological references are lacking.

Venise au Moyen-Âge comme Athènes dans l’Antiquité montrent des capacités étonnantes d’accueil et de sédentarisation des migrants et des étrangers en nombre et en diversité remarquables dont elles ont construit et entretenu le mythe. Ce qui les inscrit comme acteurs de premier plan dans une histoire des migrations de longue durée. Aussi la question se pose de savoir pourquoi et comment les trajets des étrangers et migrants pénètrent jusqu’au cœur de la vie d’Athènes et de Venise. Cette acceptation doit non seulement s’analyser en termes de tolérance et intolérance mais également dans le cadre d’un projet entendu et négocié à la fois par des étrangers et des citoyens. Les premiers, tantôt intégrés tantôt marginalisés, se définissent comme des résidents relatifs ou périphériques en fonction de la gamme variée et variable d’intérêts économiques, politiques et culturels, imposés par des résidents qui s’affirment comme centraux, « les citoyens ». La capacité de résoudre ces questions est un signe de force et de stabilité et une condition de fonctionnement et de développement des États dominants. Cependant, la frontière entre ces deux catégories de résidents est elle-même problématique car elle va subir les chocs de leurs affrontements, rejets, intégrations volontaires ou involontaires. Venice in the Middle Ages, like Athens in the Antiquity, showed astonishing hospitality in welcoming and settling migrants and foreigners from a wide range of origins and diverse backgrounds. They constructed a myth out of this policy which they carefully maintained. Both cities are connected to a larger history, namely that of lengthy migrations. From a comparative perspective involving a long temporality, we shall examine why and how the migratory phenomenon – involving both migrants and foreigners – contributed to the life of the two hegemonic states that were Athens and Venice. The acceptance of the foreigners’ travels should be understood not only from the perspective of tolerance or intolerance, but also as a deal negociated between non-citizens and citizens. The non-citizens are either integrated or marginalized and could be defined as relative or peripheral citizens, depending on a wide range of interests of the residents, who consistently assert themselves as being part of the core community, namely « the citizens ». The ability to resolve some of the problems associated with this intercultural contact is a sign of stability and power, and also a condition for the optimal functioning and development of the dominant states. However, the boundary between these two categories of residents is in itself problematic because of the inevitable confrontations, rejections and both voluntary and involuntary integrations individuals will experience.

Dans le prolongement des trois premiers ouvrages de la collection Chemins Croisés, ce recueil met au travail ce qui se joue autour du passage des frontières qu’elles soient géographiques, politiques, sociales ou qu’elles se trouvent dans la langue ou entre les langues. Ce ne sont pas seulement les migrations du XXIe siècle qui sont évoquées ici : l’objectif de cet ouvrage est plus vaste. Il sera aussi bien question de récits de migrations, de représentations de la figure du migrant ou de l’étranger, des voix ou des lettres migrantes de la littérature du Moyen Âge à celles de la postmodernité, que d’interrogations plus théoriques sur les espaces et la figuration du seuil dans les domaines artistiques, qu’il s’agisse de littérature, de peinture, de musique ou de cinéma. Les différents chapitres mettent en relation les problématiques historiques, littéraires, esthétiques et métaphysiques à travers lesquelles se déclinent la question des migrations et des exils mais aussi le paradigme de la traduction.

A 46-year-old man underwent a left shoulder surgery in the beach chair position with general anaesthesia and oro-tracheal intubation preceded by a left interscalenic block. Patient's head was attached to the headrest in a position of soft extension and moderate right rotation with adhesive tape surrounding his forehead and mandible. Surgery was marked by repeated vertical tractions on the left arm and by blood resorption of the arthroscopy's irrigation fluid, including epinephrine, which translated in a heart rate and arterial blood pressure rise. Upon waking the patient had severe headaches, left Horner's sign, left facial paresis and a left lingual paralysis. MRI and CT scan did not show any carotid dissection or parapharyngeal lesion. Electromyogram and neurological examination confirmed a VII and XII cranial nerve peripheral lesion, which took several months to regress. An ischaemic complication was suspected although the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms was subsequent to an Eagle's syndrome neurapraxia related to a long styloid process.

International audience