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Until recent decades, the establishment of protected areas contributed to the dispossession and marginalisation of Indigenous peoples in Australia. Recently, governance and policy frameworks have been developed and refined to recognise protected areas as part of Indigenous land and sea country, and to enable Indigenous people to participate in conservation planning and country management. Australia is an international pioneer in co-management of terrestrial protected areas and the declaration and management of Indigenous protected areas. However, progress has not been uniform across Australia and further policy and protocol development is required in the recognition of Indigenous peoples' rights and interests in marine protected area management; the implications of native title determinations over protected areas; and the achievement of practical, meaningful social and environmental benefits through conservation agreements and activities. This article considers progress in two key areas of Indigenous contribution to protected area management: co-management (joint management) of protected areas, which commenced in the late 1970s; and Indigenous Protected Areas, which commenced in 1997. Our observations concerning the achievements of the last 30 years and the opportunities for future directions within and beyond these initiatives were informed by participant contributions at the 2008 Australian Protected Areas Congress. Conference workshops and deliberations led to recommendations for improvements to enhance the recognition, respect and rights of Traditional Owners as protected area co-managers. Improved partnerships and communications across existing cooperative planning models are needed to enable Indigenous and non-Indigenous collaborators to share ways of enabling Country-based planning and management to assist in species and landscape conservation. Keywords: joint management, Indigenous, natural resource management, national park, conservation, Indigenous Community Conserved Area

Australia has welcomed migrants and refugees from many countries in the Mediterranean region over many years Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Maltese, Turkish and French to the most [...]

Will public libraries be serving a new breed of senior as the baby boomers age? What will an over 50 community with a passion for enjoying life and exploring new [...]

Abstract The tree change phenomenon started around Australia from about 2003 and continues to this day, even into places like the Western Plains area of New South Wales. Relocating from [...]

Ms Jenny Simpson's unique capacity to care for others was matched with a keen, incisive intellect that she shared generously with her students and colleagues throughout her life as an [...]

Since the 1970s, 'self-determination' has been the dominant trope for expressing national aspirations for Indigenous Australians. Through the principles of self-determination, the liberal multicultural state has attempted to deliver postcolonial justice to its first peoples. In this new century, the sheen of the self-determination era has faded. Once heralded as the antidote to the racist assimilation era, it is now depicted as the cause of social ills. In this article, I draw on an ethnographic study of White antiracists working in Indigenous health in northern Australia to analyze the brand of liberal rationality that dominated the discourse of the self-determination era. By engaging with a 'tribe' of White people who identify with the aims of the self-determination era, we can decipher the logic of self-determination as an instrument of the liberal state and better understand the internal contradictions and ambiguities that have led to its recent demise. [Keywords: Australia, Indigenous, self-determination, postcolonial, liberal multiculturalism]

Objectives: To investigate incidence, mortality and case survival trends for cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) and consider clinical implications. Method: South Australian Cancer Registry data were used to calculate age-standardised incidence and mortality rates from 1977 to 2004. Disease-specific survivals, socio-demographic, histological and secular predictors of CUP, compared with cancers of known primary site, and of CUP histological types, using multivariable logistic regression were investigated. Results: Incidence and mortality rates increased approximately 60% between 1977-80 and 1981-84. Rates peaked in 1993-96. Male to female incidence and mortality rate ratios approximated 1.3:1. Incidence and mortality rates increased with age. The odds of unspecified histological type, compared with the more common adenocarcinomas, were higher for males than females, non-metropolitan residents, low socio-economic areas, and for 1977-88 than subsequent diagnostic periods. CUP represented a higher proportion of cancers in Indigenous patients. Case survival was 7% at 10 years from diagnosis. Factors predictive of lower case survival included older age, male sex, Indigenous status, lower socio-economic status, and unspecified histology type. Conclusion: Results point to poor CUP outcomes, but with a modest improvement in survival. The study identifies socio-demographic groups at elevated risk of CUP and of worse treatment outcomes where increased research and clinical attention are required. Keywords: Cancer unknown primary; incidence; mortality; survival. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00260.x

This article seeks to assess the 'goodness of fit' between the social science literature on the impact of older voters on electoral outcomes and the Australian experience of the politics of aging. While the literature suggests that the notion of senior power is a flawed one, Australia's 2004 federal election campaign indicated that this is not quite so. This article offers a possible explanation for the difference between the literature and the Australian experience in terms of the calculus that underpinned the election campaign, namely, capturing the votes of swing voters in marginal seats including 'silver' swing voters in seats with a disproportionate number of older voters. The preliminary findings of a small exploratory study of campaign strategists suggest that there may be a real basis to this explanation. Thus, there does appear to be some basis for asserting that 'gray power' does play a role in Australian national electoral politics. KEYWORDS. Politics of aging, Australia, elections, gray power

Low fertility in Australia has been attributed to social factors which encourage women to devote more time to market work and reduce the number of children they have. This paper explores whether women might have fewer children because they experience a gendered division of unpaid household and childcare work. It uses ABS time use data to analyse the time spent by men and women in unpaid household and childcare, and finds an unpaid workload for women that is greater with additional children, and a relatively consistent workload for men across all family sizes. Controlling for the amount of paid work also suggests that the additional time spent, and increased share of unpaid workload experienced by women, is independent of time spent in paid work. This is consistent with the suggestion that women might restrict the number of children they have in order to control their unpaid workload. Keywords: Fertility, household division of labour, time use, Context A demographic transition called population ageing is occurring in Australia. The average age of the population is increasing, and a steadily increasing proportion of the population is aged (Jackson, [...]

Several films of the last couple of years foregrounded, for me at least, the perception that the country town is neither one thing nor the other, and that it has [...]

The rhetoric and reality about the ageing Australian population, and the claims introduced under the rhetoric of sustainable fiscal policy are discussed. These claims are commonly used to support unnecessary and objectionable neoliberal policy initiatives and hence they need to be challenged.

This paper examines how the Northern Territory's Indigenous demography has changed over recent decades, an assessment made possible by a recently constructed Indigenous demographic database covering the period 1966-2001. The [...]

A small but significant increase in the Australian birth rate is being taken as evidence of the success of the Maternity: Payment (Baby Bonus) introduced in July 2004, and broadly [...]

In an era of increasing mobility and multiple citizenship, how should we define Australia's population? The author presents a demographer's view of the Australian diaspora and how it might be [...]

In Australia, declining fertility among younger women is partly off-set by increasing fertility among women over 30. Women born in 1971 are projected to have an average of 1.9 children [...]

Abstract The population in rural areas of Australia has been declining for many decades and it has become common practice to blame this decline on the migration of young people [...]

The details of the seventeen young fashion entrepreneurs, who are in the 2005 BRW Young Rich list, are discussed. D Clothing industry TSD Officials and employees D Young adults TSD Analysis G Australia TSD Demographic aspects R Australia

Since 1990, migrant Australians' attitudes to immigration have waned and waxed according to the same overall pattern as those of the Australia-born. However, migrants are consistently less likely to want [...]

Young women of Latin and Turkish origin living in Melbourne find it hard to see any Australian culture. Some see a vacuum; others see a bland milieu populated with 'average-looking' [...]

This article explores the extent to which Labor at the national level is becoming dependent on an ethnic constituency. It shows that, in Melbourne and Sydney, the great majority of [...]

This paper questions a dominant view of culture as being relatively bounded and hermetic by questioning the concept of an intercultural domain that is brought into existence as a necessary consequence of this view. The paper suggests that recognition of cultural processes does not lead to the need to posit 'a culture' which is constituted by them. The view that 'a culture' is a relatively autonomous, relatively hermetic and relatively homeostatic entity arises, this paper argues, in the birth of nationalism and the founding years of anthropology, which are intimately linked. This approach, characterised here as modernist, is criticised for failing to deal well with complex cultural relationships. It results in the need to theorise an intercultural space, or a realm of cultural change, between cultures theorised as entities. Here the later work of Malinowski is used as an exemplar. The paper argues for alternative conceptualisations, such as Gluckman's suggestion that intercultural relations occur within social fields which are the proper subject of anthropology, and Strathern's contention that 'society' is a redundant concept, yet not denying 'sociality'. The case of the Aboriginal people of Broome in their struggle with the state over the terms in which their prior rights to land will be recognised is used to illustrate this., Francesca Merlan (this volume) contrasts two views of 'the intercultural' which I also want to examine here. Merlan's own use of the term 'intercultural' borrows the 'inter' from 'intersubjective', that [...]

Globalisation and changes in agriculture have resulted in major social changes in inland Australia. Depopulation of the inland has led many to speculate on the future of rural towns and rural people. This paper will examine population drifts from country towns to cities and from the inland to the coastal regions and, in particular, the out-migration of young people. In doing this, the paper focuses on several small towns in central New South Wales that have been the subject of intensive study during 2000 and 2001. Drawing on analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics figures, in-depth interviews and focus groups with key informants and surveys with young people and their parents in small rural communities the paper will report on the loss of young people and the greater loss of young women from these areas. It is argued that this outmigration of young people is linked to the need to seek higher education and also to the loss of full-time jobs for young people. The loss of these jobs is the result of changes in agricultural production, labour market restructuring and a withdrawal of public and private sector services. It is further argued that current reliance by governments on market based and community self-help solutions is not enough to provide a future for rural communities. Even if economic growth occurs this will not solve the problem of loss of young people, and the greater loss of young women, nor will it address the issue of access to education and training. Rather far greater attention to human capital (access to education, training and employment), institutional capital (government and non-government services and infrastructure) and social capital (strong networks) is needed if Australia's small rural towns are to survive and flourish., The effects of globalisation and the changes in the fortunes of agriculture coupled with the pursuit of neoliberal policies by successive Australian governments have resulted in major social changes in […]

This article is concerned with the determinants of English language proficiency (speaking, reading and writing) among immigrants. It presents a model of immigrant destination language proficiency based on economic incentives, exposure to the destination language, and efficiency in second language acquisition. A unique data set, the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia, is used to test the model. This survey had three waves, at about six months, eighteen months and three-and-a-half years after immigration. The analyses are performed by wave, type of language skill and gender using probit analysis. Bivariate probit analysis is used across waves. The hypotheses are supported by the data. The bivariate probit analysis indicates a positive correlation in the unexplained component that declines with time between waves, suggesting a 'regression to the mean' in the unobserved components of English language proficiency., Around one quarter of Australia's 19 million people were born overseas. This is the result of almost 6 million people having migrated to Australia since 1945. For much of this [...]

Like most countries throughout the world, Australia is experiencing the demographic transition of population ageing. Just a few statistics illustrate the magnitude of this transition. In 1976, 9 per cent [...]

Australia is one of the many countries experiencing falling fertility in the context of increasing life expectancy--and thus an ageing population. Other important changes include shifts in the transition from [...]

But is this a result of a decline in 'traditional' family values? Or a product of migration into these centres? Or is it a consequence of the higher incidence of [...]

This is the text of an address given to the ALIA Biennial Conference Powering our future, Sydney NSW 20-22 May 2002 IT IS THE GREATEST OF ALL CLICHES TO SAY [...]

Ours is a nation of immigrants and Indigenous peoples. A new world with an ancient past. A grand symphony with many melodies. Arnold Zable 1998 (1) These words preface the […]

An appreciation of contemporary demography and impending shifts within it are needed for the efficient and equitable allocation of the limited resources available for education in Australia. The school-age population [...]